Natural and Historic Built Environments

Elements of a Map

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify the key elements of a map
- appreciate the use of maps in understanding the environment
- desire to learn more about maps

Learners:
- brainstorm in groups the key elements of a map (title, frame, scale, compass, key)
- locate elements of a map in groups, using a sketch map, wall map, atlas and digital maps
- discuss the various areas where maps are used in their daily lives

How do we use maps in our daily lives?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 1
- Wall maps
- Digital maps
- Atlas
- Flash cards
- Pictures showing maps
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 3
- Manila papers
- Colored pencils
- Charts
- Digital devices

- Observation schedules - Oral questions - Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Elements of a Map
Location, Position and Size of Kenya
Location, Position and Size of Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- interpret features in a map using the key elements
- apply knowledge of map elements in reading maps
- value the importance of map elements in interpreting maps

Learners:
- use the key to identify features represented on the map
- use the scale to determine distances between features on the map
- use the compass to determine direction of one feature from another
- identify activities shown on the map using symbols

How do we interpret maps?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 5
- Various types of maps
- Plain paper
- String
- Ruler
- Digital maps
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 7
- Drawing materials
- Rulers
- Manila papers
- Digital devices
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 9
- Google Maps
- Playing cards with names of elements of maps
- Atlas
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 10
- Wall map of East Africa
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 12
- Cut-outs of countries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Location, Position and Size of Kenya
Main Physical Features in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify the size of Kenya in square kilometers
- compare the size of Kenya with neighboring countries
- appreciate Kenya's geographical size

Learners:
- study a map of Kenya and her neighbors
- identify countries that are larger and smaller than Kenya
- find out the size of Kenya and neighboring countries in square kilometers
- arrange countries from smallest to largest

How does the size of Kenya compare with that of neighboring countries?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 14
- Wall map of East Africa
- Atlas
- Digital resources
- Drawing materials
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 15
- Resource persons
- Pictures
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 16
- Digital maps
- Wall maps
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 17
- Pictures of physical features
- Digital cameras/devices
- Word search puzzles

- Written tests - Oral questions - Projects

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Main Physical Features in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- locate the main physical features in Kenya on a map
- draw a map showing main physical features
- show willingness to protect physical features

Learners:
- use digital devices or atlas to locate main physical features in Kenya
- draw a map of Kenya and locate the main physical features
- model physical features using locally available materials (bean seeds for hills, maize seeds for lakes, small stones for mountains)
- display the chart at the Social Studies Corner

How are physical features distributed in Kenya?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 20
- Atlas
- Wall map of Kenya
- Digital maps
- Manila paper
- Local materials for modeling
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 23
- Pictures of physical features
- Digital resources
- Resource persons
- Charts

- Projects - Observation - Written assignments

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- differentiate between weather and climate
- identify elements of weather in the environment
- appreciate different weather conditions

Learners:
- observe and describe current weather conditions outside the classroom
- study pictures showing different weather conditions
- discuss the differences between weather and climate
- identify elements of weather (rainfall, wind, temperature, cloud cover)

What is the difference between weather and climate?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 25
- Pictures showing different weather conditions
- Weather instruments
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 27
- Weather charts
- Pictures
- Weather recording instruments
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 29
- Atlas
- Wall map of Kenya showing climatic regions
- Digital maps
- Drawing materials

- Observation schedules - Oral questions - Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Weather and Climate

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- describe characteristics of the main climatic regions in Kenya
- match climatic regions with their characteristics
- appreciate the diversity of climate in Kenya

Learners:
- discuss characteristics of main climatic regions in Kenya
- create flashcards on characteristics of climatic regions
- match climatic regions with their characteristics
- discuss the climate of their local area

What are the characteristics of different climatic regions in Kenya?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 30
- Atlas
- Wall map showing climatic regions
- Digital resources
- Flashcards
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 32
- Pictures
- Resource persons
- Video clips
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 33
- Weather forecasts
- Charts

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation schedules

Natural and Historic Built Environments

The Built Environments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- identify the main historic built environments in Kenya
- explain the purpose of historic built environments
- appreciate historic built environments

Learners:
- study pictures of historic built environments
- brainstorm the main historic built environments in Kenya (museums, monuments, cultural centers, historical buildings)
- use digital/print resources to identify historic built environments
- match pictures with explanations about historic built environments

What are historic built environments?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 34
- Pictures of historic built environments
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Resource persons
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 36
- Map of Kenya showing historic built environments
- Atlas
- Digital maps
- Drawing materials

- Observation schedules - Oral questions - Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments
People, Population and Social Organisations
People, Population and Social Organisations

The Built Environments
Language Groups in Kenya
Language Groups in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain strategies to conserve historic built environments
- develop methods to conserve built environments
- show willingness to participate in conservation efforts

Learners:
- discuss why we should conserve historic built environments
- identify strategies people are using to conserve historic built environments
- research strategies for conserving historic built environments
- prepare posters on conservation of historic built environments

How can we conserve historic built environments?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 37
- Pictures
- Digital resources
- Resource persons
- Manila papers
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 39
- Historic built environment in locality
- Digital cameras
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 43
- Pictures of people from different communities
- Maps
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 45
- Digital devices
- Atlas

- Projects - Written assignments - Oral presentations

People, Population and Social Organisations

Language Groups in Kenya
Population Distribution in Kenya
Population Distribution in Kenya
Population Distribution in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain ways in which different language groups depend on each other
- show how interdependence occurs among language groups
- value interdependence among different language groups

Learners:
- discuss ways in which different language groups depend on each other
- identify economic activities associated with different language groups
- study pictures showing interdependence among language groups
- role-play scenarios that depict interdependence of language groups

How do language groups depend on each other?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 47
- Pictures
- Digital resources
- Resource persons
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 48
- Manila papers
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 49
- Audio-visual materials
- Traditional artifacts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 50
- Maps showing population distribution
- Atlas
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 52
- Map of Kenya showing population distribution
- Drawing materials
- Digital maps
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 53

- Observation schedules - Oral questions - Role-play assessment

People, Population and Social Organisations

Culture and Social Organization of African Traditional Education

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- explain the concept of African traditional education
- identify methods of instruction used in African traditional education
- appreciate traditional approaches to education

Learners:
- brainstorm in groups the meaning of African traditional education
- look at pictures showing traditional education methods
- discuss how people were taught in the past
- role-play a conversation about African traditional education

How were children educated in the past?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 54
- Pictures
- Resource persons
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 56
- Video tapes/recordings
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 58
- Pictures showing various values

- Observation schedules - Oral questions - Written tests

People, Population and Social Organisations

Culture and Social Organization of African Traditional Education
School Administration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- apply African traditional education in promoting values
- create cultural expressions showing traditional values
- demonstrate commitment to upholding positive values

Learners:
- find and color values from a word search
- discuss application of African traditional education in promoting values
- role-play scenarios demonstrating various values
- create digital content on the importance of traditional education in promoting values

How can we apply traditional education methods today?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 60
- Word search puzzles
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Resource persons
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 62
- Pictures of school administrative leaders
- School administrative structure chart

- Projects - Performance assessment - Digital content assessment

People, Population and Social Organisations
Resources and Economic Activities
Resources and Economic Activities

School Administration
Resources in Kenya - Types of resources
Resources in Kenya - Prudent use of resources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- state duties of administrative leaders in a school
- explain roles of different administrative positions
- show respect for school leadership

Learners:
- think, pair and share the administrative leaders in school
- contribute to group decision making as they discuss the order of administration in school
- role-play the duties of administrative leaders
- visit the headteacher's office to learn about administrative roles

How is a school administration organized?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 64
- Resource persons
- Charts showing administrative structure
- Digital resources
- School documents
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 66
- Charts
- Manila papers
- Drawing materials
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 69
- Pictures of different resources
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 71

- Role-play assessment - Oral presentations - Observation schedules

Resources and Economic Activities

Resources in Kenya - Conservation strategies
Mining in Kenya - Major minerals found in Kenya
Mining in Kenya - Locating mineral deposits on maps
Mining in Kenya - Contribution to economy
Fishing in Kenya - Main inland fishing grounds
Fishing in Kenya - Mapping fishing grounds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate ways of conserving various resources
- Take part in resource conservation activities
- Show responsibility in conserving resources

- Learners write a poem on prudent use of resources found in Kenya
- Learners take part in planting trees along the fence of their school
- Learners draw a table showing how different resources in Kenya can be conserved

How do we benefit from conserved resources?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 72
- Tree seedlings
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 74
- Pictures of minerals
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 75
- Map of Kenya
- Atlas
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 76
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 79
- Pictures of fishing grounds
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 80
- Manila paper
- Colored papers

- Projects - Written tests - Observation

Resources and Economic Activities

Fishing in Kenya - Contribution to the economy
Fishing in Kenya - Fishing as an economic activity
Wildlife and Tourism in Kenya - Main tourist attractions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the contribution of fishing to the economy of Kenya
- Discuss benefits of fishing as an economic activity
- Value fishing as an important economic activity

- Learners discuss the contribution of fishing to the economy of Kenya and report in class
- Learners find out from relevant sources the contribution of fishing to the economy of Kenya and write a summary
- Learners engage with a fisherman to discuss the contribution of fishing to the economy of Kenya

How does fishing contribute to our economy?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 81
- Resource person
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 82
- Manila paper
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 84
- Pictures of tourist attractions

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Debate

Resources and Economic Activities

Wildlife and Tourism in Kenya - Game reserves vs. national parks
Wildlife and Tourism in Kenya - Mapping parks and reserves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the difference between a game reserve and a national park
- Identify various game reserves and national parks in Kenya
- Value the importance of game reserves and national parks

- Learners discuss the meaning of wildlife
- Learners discuss in groups the difference between a game reserve and a national park
- Learners identify national parks and game reserves from a map of Kenya

What is the difference between a game reserve and a national park?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 86
- Map of Kenya
- Digital devices
- Pictures of wildlife
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 87
- Atlas

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Resources and Economic Activities

Wildlife and Tourism in Kenya - Contribution of wildlife to the economy
Wildlife and Tourism in Kenya - Contribution of tourism to the economy
Development of Transport - Early forms of transport

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the contribution of wildlife to the economy of Kenya
- Discuss ways in which wildlife promotes tourism
- Appreciate the importance of wildlife conservation

- Learners use digital devices to find out the contribution of wildlife in Kenya
- Learners discuss various ways in which wildlife contributes to the economy of Kenya
- Learners write down how wildlife contributes to the economy of Kenya and share in class

How does wildlife contribute to our economy?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 88
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 89
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 92
- Pictures of early forms of transport

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Transport - Modern forms of transport
Development of Transport - Road safety measures
Development of Transport - Road safety practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify modern forms of transport in Kenya
- Classify different modern forms of transport
- Value modern forms of transport

- Learners develop self-confidence as they think, pair and share modern forms of transport in Kenya
- Learners discuss the modern forms of transport in Kenya
- Learners write down modern forms of transport identified and share in class

Why is transport important in development?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 94
- Pictures of modern forms of transport
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 95
- Pictures of road signs
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
- Traffic park (if available)

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Transport - Role in national development
Development of Communication - Early forms of communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of modern forms of transport in national development
- Create messages on importance of transport
- Appreciate the role of transport in national development

- Learners discuss the role of modern forms of transport in national development
- Learners create a communication message appreciating the role of modern forms of transport in national development
- Learners display the message on the school's noticeboard

How has transport contributed to our national development?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
- Manila paper
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 101
- Pictures of early forms of communication

- Oral questions - Projects - Written assignments

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Communication - Modern means of communication
Development of Communication - Illustrating means of communication
Development of Communication - Role in society
Resources in Kenya - Types of resources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify modern means of communication
- Classify different modern means of communication
- Value the importance of modern means of communication

- Learners identify and name different means of communication shown in pictures
- Learners find seven means of communication from a wordsearch
- Learners discuss modern means of communication in Kenya using digital resources/print media

How have modern means of communication improved our lives?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 103
- Pictures of modern means of communication
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 104
- Drawing materials
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 106
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 69
- Pictures of different resources

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral questions

Resources and Economic Activities

Resources in Kenya - Prudent use of resources
Resources in Kenya - Conservation strategies
Mining in Kenya - Major minerals found in Kenya
Mining in Kenya - Locating mineral deposits on maps
Mining in Kenya - Contribution to economy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain ways of using resources prudently
- Use available resources prudently for conservation
- Value the importance of conserving resources

- Learners brainstorm on prudent use of available resources for conservation
- Learners contribute to group decision making as they discuss how to use resources prudently
- Learners find out how resources are cared for within the locality

How can we conserve resources in our society?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 71
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 72
- Tree seedlings
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 74
- Pictures of minerals
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 75
- Map of Kenya
- Atlas
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 76

- Observation - Written assignments - Projects

Resources and Economic Activities

Fishing in Kenya - Main inland fishing grounds
Fishing in Kenya - Mapping fishing grounds
Fishing in Kenya - Contribution to the economy
Fishing in Kenya - Fishing as an economic activity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the main inland fishing grounds in Kenya
- Describe locations of major fishing grounds
- Recognize fishing as an economic activity

- Learners brainstorm on the main inland fishing grounds (Lake Victoria, Lake Turkana, Lake Naivasha, River Tana and River Athi) in Kenya
- Learners use digital resources/print media to identify the main inland fishing grounds in Kenya
- Learners read and discuss stories about fishing in Kenya

Why is fishing important in our country?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 79
- Map of Kenya
- Digital devices
- Pictures of fishing grounds
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 80
- Manila paper
- Colored papers
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 81
- Resource person
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 82

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Resources and Economic Activities

Wildlife and Tourism in Kenya - Main tourist attractions
Wildlife and Tourism in Kenya - Game reserves vs. national parks
Wildlife and Tourism in Kenya - Mapping parks and reserves

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify the main tourist attractions in Kenya
- Categorize different tourist attractions in Kenya
- Appreciate the diversity of tourist attractions in Kenya

- Learners discuss and share on who a tourist is
- Learners brainstorm on main tourist attractions in Kenya (Wildlife, Historical Sites, Natural Sceneries)
- Learners cut pictures of main tourist attractions in Kenya and paste them in their scrapbook or notebook

Why is wildlife important?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 84
- Pictures of tourist attractions
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 86
- Map of Kenya
- Pictures of wildlife
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 87
- Atlas

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Resources and Economic Activities

Wildlife and Tourism in Kenya - Contribution of wildlife to the economy
Wildlife and Tourism in Kenya - Contribution of tourism to the economy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the contribution of wildlife to the economy of Kenya
- Discuss ways in which wildlife promotes tourism
- Appreciate the importance of wildlife conservation

- Learners use digital devices to find out the contribution of wildlife in Kenya
- Learners discuss various ways in which wildlife contributes to the economy of Kenya
- Learners write down how wildlife contributes to the economy of Kenya and share in class

How does wildlife contribute to our economy?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 88
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 89

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Transport - Early forms of transport
Development of Transport - Modern forms of transport
Development of Transport - Road safety measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify main forms of early transport
- Describe characteristics of early forms of transport
- Appreciate evolution of transport

- Learners discuss the meaning of transport
- Learners use digital or print resources to find out the main early forms of transport (human porterage, pack animals, log boats and rafts)
- Learners sketch the early forms of transport and present in class

How were people and goods transported in the past?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 92
- Pictures of early forms of transport
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 94
- Pictures of modern forms of transport
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 95
- Pictures of road signs

- Observation - Oral questions - Projects

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Transport - Road safety practice
Development of Transport - Role in national development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Role play how to observe traffic rules
- Apply road safety measures in daily life
- Value the importance of observing road safety

- Learners role play how to observe traffic rules while using the road
- Learners observe safety precautions as they role play how to use means of transport
- Learners write a report on the safety measures that should be observed while using means of transport

How can we apply road safety measures in our daily lives?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
- Pictures of road signs
- Digital devices
- Traffic park (if available)
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
- Manila paper
- Resource person

- Role play - Observation - Written assignments

Resources and Economic Activities

Development of Communication - Early forms of communication
Development of Communication - Modern means of communication
Development of Communication - Illustrating means of communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify main early forms of communication
- Describe characteristics of early forms of communication
- Value the evolution of communication

- Learners identify early forms of communication shown in pictures
- Learners discuss early forms of communication such as ululations, drumming, fire signals and smoke signals
- Learners outline other forms of early communication in their notebooks

Why is communication important?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 101
- Pictures of early forms of communication
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 103
- Pictures of modern means of communication
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 104
- Drawing materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Resources and Economic Activities
Political Systems and Governance
Political Systems and Governance
Political Systems and Governance
Political Systems and Governance

Development of Communication - Role in society
Traditional Leaders in Kenya - Leadership qualities
Traditional Leaders in Kenya - Contributions
Traditional Leaders in Kenya - Role in communities
Traditional Leaders in Kenya - Creative displays

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of modern means of communication in Kenya
- Role play telephone conversations
- Appreciate the importance of communication in society

- Learners discuss the role of modern means of communication in Kenya
- Learners role play telephone conversation between two people
- Learners recite a poem on communication
- Learners prepare a communication message on the role of modern means of communication

How has communication transformed our society?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 106
- Pictures of modern means of communication
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 109
- Pictures of traditional leaders
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 111
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 112
- Charts
- Drawing materials
- Manila paper

- Role play - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Political Systems and Governance

Early Forms of Government in Kenya - Traditional governance
Early Forms of Government in Kenya - The Maasai
Early Forms of Government in Kenya - The Ameru
Early Forms of Government in Kenya - Comparison
Early Forms of Government in Kenya - Role play

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe early forms of government among selected communities in Kenya
- Explain how different communities were governed
- Appreciate early forms of governance in Kenya

- Learners talk about how their community was ruled in the past
- Learners interact with a resource person to learn about early forms of government
- Learners discuss different forms of traditional governments in Kenya

How were communities ruled in the past?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
- Resource person
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 114
- Pictures of Maasai leaders
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 116
- Pictures of Ameru council of elders
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 117
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 118
- Traditional attire (if available)
- Props for role play

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Systems and Governance

Early Forms of Government in Kenya - Best practices
Citizenship in Kenya - Becoming a citizen
Citizenship in Kenya - Dual citizenship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply best practices from the early forms of government
- Prepare a journal on importance of early forms of government
- Value traditional methods of governance

- Learners discuss how the early forms of government solved disputes among the people
- Learners discuss the importance of early forms of government in Kenya
- Learners prepare a journal on what they have learned on the importance of early forms of government in Kenya

How can we apply practices from traditional governance in modern governance?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 119
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 120
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 122

- Journal entries - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Systems and Governance

Citizenship in Kenya - Good citizenship
National Unity in Kenya - National symbols

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate good citizenship for personal and social wellbeing
- Identify qualities of a good citizen
- Show willingness to be a good citizen

- Learners discuss the qualities of a good Kenyan citizen
- Learners discuss how one can demonstrate good citizenship at school and home
- Learners discuss why good citizenship is important
- Learners create a poster with a message on good citizenship

How can we promote responsible citizenship?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 123
- Manila paper
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 125
- Pictures of national symbols

- Observation - Projects - Written assignments

Political Systems and Governance

National Unity in Kenya - Factors promoting unity
National Unity in Kenya - Illustrating symbols
Human Rights - Basic human rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain factors which promote national unity in Kenya
- Identify ways of promoting national unity
- Develop national awareness for social cohesion

- Learners discuss the factors that promote national unity in Kenya
- Learners discuss how we can promote national unity
- Learners read a story and discuss how national days, symbols and language promote national unity

What factors promote national unity in Kenya?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 128
- Colored papers
- Glue
- Paint and brushes
- Manila paper
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 132
- Pictures

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Political Systems and Governance

Human Rights - Importance in society
Human Rights - Creating awareness
Human Rights - Assertiveness

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of human rights in society
- Write a report on the importance of human rights
- Appreciate the role of human rights in society

- Learners look at pictures and talk about what is happening in each picture
- Learners identify human rights represented in the pictures
- Learners discuss the importance of human rights shown in each picture
- Learners write a report on the importance of human rights

How does respecting human rights benefit society?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 133
- Pictures
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 134
- Manila paper
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 136
- Props for skit

- Oral questions - Written reports - Observation

Political Systems and Governance

Democracy in Society - Types of democracy
Democracy in Society - Benefits
Democracy in Society - Practicing democracy
National Government - Three arms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify types of democracy in Kenya
- Distinguish between direct and indirect democracy
- Value democratic processes

- Learners discuss how their parents or guardians make decisions at home
- Learners discuss how teachers make decisions at school
- Learners use the internet to find out the meaning of democracy and types of democracy in Kenya

How can we practice democracy in our society?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 138
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Charts
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 139
- Manila paper
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 140
- Voting materials
- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 142

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation