Conservation of Resources

Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Intro to hay & its importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define the terms forage, fodder, pasture and hay.
- Identify types of livestock feed that farmers conserve to cope with drought.
- Appreciate the need to conserve animal feed as a food security measure.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the meaning of forage, fodder, pasture and hay using print and digital resources.
- Read and discuss the Kajiado case study on the effects of drought on livestock.
- Share experiences on how conserving animal feed helps farmers cope during drought.

Why should farmers conserve animal feed during drought?

- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 2
- Digital devices with internet access
- Reference books and agricultural articles

- Oral questions - Observation

Conservation of Resources
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes
Food Production Processes

Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Methods of conserving forage
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Identifying different hay conservation methods
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Baled hay as a conservation method
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Standing forage as a conservation method
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Stacking as a conservation method
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Steps in making a haystack
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Practical hay stacking
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Materials for baling hay
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Practical hay baling
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Conservation in local communities
Conserving Animal Feed: Hay - Adopting conservation at household level
Conserving Leftover Foods - Meaning & importance
Conserving Leftover Foods - Methods of conserving
Conserving Leftover Foods - Handling at home
Conserving Leftover Foods - Storage methods
Conserving Leftover Foods - Safety precautions
Conserving Leftover Foods - Reheating as a preparation method
Conserving Leftover Foods - Improving taste & texture of reheated foods
Conserving Leftover Foods - Creating recipes
Conserving Leftover Foods - Community methods of preparation
Conserving Leftover Foods - Preparing a recipe
Conserving Leftover Foods - Practical: beef stew by reheating
Integrated Farming - Definition & concept
Integrated Farming - Importance in resource conservation
Integrated Farming - Components in a farm
Integrated Farming - Relational benefits between components
Integrated Farming - Crop production component
Integrated Farming - Crop production in resource conservation
Integrated Farming - Livestock farming component
Integrated Farming - Livestock farming in resource conservation
Integrated Farming - Fish farming component
Integrated Farming - Fish farming in resource conservation
Integrated Farming - Agroforestry component
Integrated Farming - Agroforestry in resource conservation
Integrated Farming - Rabbit keeping component
Integrated Farming - Poultry keeping component
Integrated Farming - Rabbit & poultry in resource conservation
Organic Gardening - Meaning & concept
Organic Gardening - Practices in crop production
Organic Gardening - Benefits & importance
Organic Gardening - Use of organic manure
Organic Gardening - Practical: organic pesticide (garlic)
Organic Gardening - Practical: organic pesticide (hot peppers)
Organic Gardening - Practical: organic pesticide (rabbit urine)
Organic Gardening - Mechanical weed control
Organic Gardening - Practical: organic foliar feed (Mexican sunflower)
Organic Gardening - Practical: organic foliar feed (rabbit urine)
Organic Gardening - Practical: organic pesticide (rosemary)
Organic Gardening - Selecting a crop
Organic Gardening - Preparing seedbed (Day 1)
Organic Gardening - Preparing seedbed (Day 2)
Organic Gardening - Planting & applying organic manure
Organic Gardening - Managing crops using organic practices (Day 1)
Organic Gardening - Managing crops using organic practices (Day 2)
Organic Gardening - Importance in producing healthy foods
Storage of Crop Produce - Types of storage structures
Storage of Crop Produce - Matching crop produce to structures
Storage of Crop Produce - Preparing storage structures
Storage of Crop Produce - Practical: preparing containers & airtight bags
Storage of Crop Produce - Practical: preparing storage rooms & granaries (Day 1)
Storage of Crop Produce - Practical: preparing storage rooms & granaries (Day 2)
Storage of Crop Produce - Practical: controlling rodents
Storage of Crop Produce - Managing stored crop produce
Storage of Crop Produce - Practical: checking moisture content in cereals
Storage of Crop Produce - Ensuring proper ventilation
Storage of Crop Produce - Turning stored crop produce
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Introduction
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Types
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Gluten
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Consistency
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Batters & doughs
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Types of batters
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Raising agents
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Procedures: chapati dough
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Practical: preparing chapati dough
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Practical: making chapati
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Procedures: mandazi dough
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Practical: preparing mandazi dough
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Practical: making mandazi
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Procedures: pancake batter
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Practical: preparing pancake batter
Cooking: Using Flour Mixtures - Practical: making pancakes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify the three major methods of conserving forage to cope with drought.
- Compare standing forage, baled hay and stacked hay as forage conservation methods.
- Value the role of forage conservation in ensuring livestock feed security.

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital and print resources to research methods of conserving forage.
- Discuss in groups the differences between standing forage, baled hay and stacked hay.
- Record findings and share with the class.

What are the methods of conserving forage to cope with drought?

- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 3
- Agricultural magazines and reference books
- Digital devices with internet access
- Charts showing forage conservation methods
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 4
- Relevant textbooks and reference books
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 5
- Reference books and agricultural articles
- Charts showing stacking procedure
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 6
- Maize stover, straw, wooden planks, ropes and gloves
- School demonstration plot
- Sickle, rake, wooden box, sisal ropes and grass
- Reference books
- Sickle, rake, wooden box, sisal ropes and dried grass
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 7
- Writing materials and digital devices for photography
- Local farm environment
- Reference books and agricultural magazines
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 9
- Cookery magazines and relevant textbooks
- Relevant textbooks and cookery magazines
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 10
- Food containers and storage equipment
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 11
- Food samples for demonstration
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 12
- Source of heat and cooking utensils
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 13
- Fresh vegetables, coriander and garnishing materials
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 14
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 16
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 17
- Leftover foods, cooking utensils and source of heat
- Reference recipes from cookery magazines
- Leftover beef stew, coriander, carrots and cooking utensils
- Source of heat and serving dishes
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 20
- Relevant textbooks and agricultural articles
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 26
- Integrated farming models and reference books
- Relevant textbooks and digital resources
- Charts showing integrated farm components
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 21
- Charts showing component interactions
- Drawing materials
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 22
- Relevant textbooks and agricultural magazines
- Chart papers and drawing materials
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 30
- Pictures and charts on organic gardening
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 32
- Agricultural magazines and relevant textbooks
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 43
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 33
- Garlic cloves, vegetable oil, clean water, mortar and pestle, jar and sprayer
- School demonstration garden
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 35
- Hot peppers, clean water, mortar and pestle, sieve and hand sprayer
- Rabbit urine, clean water, measuring cylinder, mixing container and hand sprayer
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 36
- Garden with growing crops, hoe or jembe, slasher and mulching materials
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 38
- Fresh Mexican sunflower leaves and twigs, 20-litre bucket, clean water, stick and cloth for straining
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 37
- 20-litre container, cow dung, rabbit or cow urine, clean water, stick and straining cloth
- Selected plant material, clean water, mortar and pestle, straining cloth and hand sprayer
- Planting materials for selected short-season crops
- Jembe, fork jembe and rake
- Rake, fork jembe and well-decomposed organic manure
- Selected planting materials, organic manure, gardening tools and watering can
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 40
- Gardening tools and prepared organic pesticide
- Prepared organic foliar feed, hand or knapsack sprayer and protective clothing
- Agricultural magazines, charts and digital devices
- Community farm environment
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 45
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 47
- Storage containers and bags for demonstration
- Storage containers, hermetic bags, warm water, cleaning materials, sewing materials and pesticide
- Appropriate practical space
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 50
- Brooms, dustpans, sealing materials and protective clothing
- School food storeroom
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 52
- Protective clothing, metallic or plastic plates, hammer, nails, appropriate cleaning and sealing materials
- School or local granary
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 46
- Protective clothing, metallic or plastic plates, hammer, nails and sealing materials
- School food storeroom or granary environment
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 53
- Agricultural magazines, relevant textbooks and digital devices
- School food store environment
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 54
- Clear glass bottle, dry salt and stored cereals or pulses
- School food store
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 55
- School food storeroom and protective clothing
- Relevant textbooks
- Stored crop produce in the school food store
- Protective clothing and appropriate tools
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 57
- Samples or photographs of batters and doughs
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 58
- Flour, water and measuring equipment for demonstration
- Samples or photographs of batter and dough products
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 59
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 60
- Samples of raising agents for demonstration
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 61
- Wheat flour, salt, oil and warm water for demonstration
- Wheat flour, salt, vegetable oil, warm water, mixing bowl and clean damp cloth
- Appropriate kitchen or practical space
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 62
- Chapati dough, frying pan, rolling pin, spatula, cooking oil and source of heat
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 63
- Wheat flour, sugar, baking powder, fat and liquid for demonstration
- Wheat flour, sugar, baking powder, fat, liquid, mixing bowl and clean damp cloth
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 64
- Mandazi dough, deep frying pan, oil, slotted spoon, greaseproof paper and source of heat
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 65
- Wheat flour, egg, milk and salt for demonstration
- Wheat flour, egg, milk, salt, mixing bowl, whisk and clean damp cloth
- Oxford Agriculture Today Grade 9 pg. 66
- Pancake batter, frying pan, cooking oil, spatula and source of heat

- Oral questions - Written assignments