Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Factors influencing vegetation distribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain factors influencing vegetation distribution in Africa
- Describe how soil and climate affect vegetation
- Appreciate factors that influence plant growth

- Learners go for nature walk to observe plants in school compound
- Brainstorm in groups factors influencing vegetation in Africa
- Use digital devices or atlases to find out factors influencing vegetation distribution
- Make summary notes

What factors influence vegetation distribution in Africa?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 108
- School environment
- Atlases
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Relief and human activities on vegetation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how relief influences vegetation distribution
- Describe the impact of human and animal activities on vegetation
- Show interest in understanding vegetation factors

- Learners follow the road map showing factors influencing vegetation
- Discuss how relief affects vegetation (windward vs leeward sides)
- Study group presentations on soil, climate and relief effects on vegetation
- Make notes from group findings

How do relief and human activities affect vegetation?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 109
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Road map diagrams

- Oral questions - Written tests - Group presentations

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Locating vegetation regions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Locate major vegetation regions of Africa on a map
- Identify the largest vegetation zone (Savannah)
- Appreciate the diversity of vegetation in Africa

- Learners use digital devices or atlases to search for vegetation regions
- Draw a sketch map to illustrate vegetation regions
- Study the map showing vegetation zones in Africa
- Practice drawing the map without reference

Where are the major vegetation regions located in Africa?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 112
- Map of Africa
- Atlases
- Colouring materials

- Oral questions - Map work - Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Characteristics of vegetation regions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe characteristics of tropical rainforest and savannah vegetation
- Compare different vegetation types
- Value the importance of vegetation diversity

- Learners carry out field excursion to identify different types of vegetation
- Use digital or print resources to identify characteristics of vegetation
- Describe characteristics of tropical rainforest (evergreen, canopy) and savannah

What are the characteristics of tropical rainforest and savannah vegetation?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 112
- Local environment
- Digital resources
- Pictures

- Oral questions - Written tests - Field observations

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Methods of conserving vegetation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe methods of conserving vegetation in the community
- Explain the importance of public awareness and rehabilitation programs
- Desire to participate in vegetation conservation

- Learners study picture showing vegetation conservation methods
- Discuss each method on the chart (management of human activities, public awareness, rehabilitation programs)
- Create posters on methods of conserving vegetation
- Display posters at strategic places

What methods can be used to conserve vegetation in the community?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 114
- Pictures
- Charts
- Manilla paper

- Oral questions - Observation - Poster work

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Methods of conserving vegetation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe methods of conserving vegetation in the community
- Explain the importance of public awareness and rehabilitation programs
- Desire to participate in vegetation conservation

- Learners study picture showing vegetation conservation methods
- Discuss each method on the chart (management of human activities, public awareness, rehabilitation programs)
- Create posters on methods of conserving vegetation
- Display posters at strategic places

What methods can be used to conserve vegetation in the community?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 114
- Pictures
- Charts
- Manilla paper

- Oral questions - Observation - Poster work

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Monitoring and research programs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of monitoring and research programs in conservation
- Describe data banks and reference collections for vegetation
- Show commitment to vegetation conservation

- Learners discuss establishment of monitoring programs and research studies
- Explain importance of data banks and reference collections
- Write essays on ways of caring for vegetation in school community
- Share essays with teacher

Why are monitoring and research programs important for vegetation conservation?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 114
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written essays - Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Conservation for career exploration

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify careers related to vegetation conservation
- Explore personal interests in conservation careers
- Appreciate vegetation conservation for environmental sustainability

- Learners study pictures showing different careers (farmers with seedlings, forest rangers, botanists)
- Discuss careers related to conservation of vegetation
- Participate in tree planting activities
- Share findings on careers with parents/guardians

What careers are related to vegetation conservation?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 116
- Pictures
- Resource persons

- Oral questions - Observation - Interviews

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Vegetation in Africa - Appreciating vegetation conservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Participate in vegetation conservation activities
- Establish and care for tree nursery
- Value the importance of vegetation in the environment

- Learners create posters on ways of caring for vegetation and display them
- Establish tree nursery within school compound
- Make duty roster for caring for seedlings
- Transplant seedlings to strategic locations
- Participate in International Tree Planting Day activities

How can we show appreciation for vegetation conservation?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 117
- Seedlings
- Planting materials
- Manilla paper

- Observation - Project work - Practical activities

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Introduction and location

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify selected historical sites and monuments in Africa
- Locate historical sites on a map of Africa
- Show interest in learning about African heritage

- Learners use digital or print resources to trace selected historical sites and monuments in Africa
- Draw a map of Africa and indicate Fort Jesus, Kilwa, Great Zimbabwe, Giza Pyramids, Meroe, Timbuktu and Robben Island
- Share maps in class

Where are the major historical sites and monuments located in Africa?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 120
- Map of Africa
- Digital resources
- Pictures

- Oral questions - Map work - Observation

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Fort Jesus and Kilwa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the historical significance of Fort Jesus and Kilwa
- Explain the importance of these sites for cultural heritage
- Appreciate the rich history of East African coast

- Learners brainstorm in groups on the importance of Fort Jesus and Kilwa
- Use digital or print resources to find information about these monuments
- Discuss factors that led to their construction
- Make short notes and share in class

What is the historical significance of Fort Jesus and Kilwa?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 120
- Pictures
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written tests - Group discussions

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Great Zimbabwe and Giza Pyramids

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe Great Zimbabwe and Giza Pyramids
- Explain their importance in African heritage
- Show respect for ancient African civilizations

- Learners use constructive dialogue to brainstorm on Great Zimbabwe and Giza Pyramids
- Discuss the architectural achievements of these sites
- Collect pictures and photographs of these monuments
- Create album entries for display

What makes Great Zimbabwe and Giza Pyramids important historical sites?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 120
- Pictures and photographs
- Digital resources
- Album materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Portfolio

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Meroe and Timbuktu

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the historical significance of Meroe and Timbuktu
- Explain their role in African civilization and trade
- Value the contribution of these sites to world heritage

- Learners work harmoniously in groups to discuss Meroe and Timbuktu
- Use digital or print resources to research their history
- Discuss their role in trade and learning
- Present findings in class

Why are Meroe and Timbuktu considered important African monuments?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 120
- Pictures
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Presentations

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Robben Island

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the historical significance of Robben Island
- Explain its role in the struggle against apartheid
- Show empathy for those who fought for freedom

- Learners discuss the history and significance of Robben Island
- Research the role of Robben Island in South African history
- Discuss notable figures associated with the site
- Add photographs to class album

What is the historical significance of Robben Island?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 120
- Pictures
- Digital resources
- Video clips

- Oral questions - Written tests - Discussions

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Importance of historical sites

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Examine the importance of historical sites for preservation of cultural heritage
- Explain how these sites contribute to tourism and education
- Appreciate the need to preserve cultural heritage

- Learners brainstorm in groups on the importance of historical sites and monuments
- Discuss their role in tourism, education and national identity
- Share findings in class
- Design strategies to overcome challenges in preserving cultural heritage

Why is it important to preserve historical sites and monuments?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 120
- Charts
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written tests - Group discussions

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Ways of conserving historical sites

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe ways of conserving historical sites and monuments
- Apply creative thinking in preserving cultural heritage
- Desire to participate in conservation efforts

- Learners work harmoniously in groups to find ways of conserving historical sites
- Discuss ways of applying creative thinking in preserving cultural heritage
- Create posters on conservation methods
- Present conservation strategies in class

How can historical sites and monuments be conserved?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 120
- Manilla paper
- Marker pens
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Observation - Poster work

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Applying conservation in community

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply ways of conserving cultural heritage in the community
- Create album of historical sites and monuments
- Show commitment to promoting cultural heritage

- Learners complete album of historical sites and monuments and display in class
- Discuss ways of applying conservation in their community
- Plan visit to local historical site or cultural centre
- Participate in establishing cultural corner or cultural days in school

How can we apply conservation of cultural heritage in our community?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 120
- Album materials
- Pictures and photographs
- Local cultural artifacts

- Observation - Portfolio - Project work

Natural and Historic Built Environments

Historical Sites and Monuments in Africa - Applying conservation in community

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply ways of conserving cultural heritage in the community
- Create album of historical sites and monuments
- Show commitment to promoting cultural heritage

- Learners complete album of historical sites and monuments and display in class
- Discuss ways of applying conservation in their community
- Plan visit to local historical site or cultural centre
- Participate in establishing cultural corner or cultural days in school

How can we apply conservation of cultural heritage in our community?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book Grade 8 pg. 120
- Album materials
- Pictures and photographs
- Local cultural artifacts

- Observation - Portfolio - Project work

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya – Components of the Constitution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify the components of the Constitution of Kenya
- Describe the chapters, articles and schedules of the Constitution
- Show interest in learning about the Constitution of Kenya

In groups, learners are guided to:
- In groups, discuss the components of the Constitution of Kenya
- Go through a copy of the Constitution of Kenya and discuss the chapters, articles and schedules
- Write a summary of discussions on components of the Constitution

Why do we need a constitution?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 128
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Charts on components of the Constitution

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya – Components of the Constitution (continued)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain examples of chapters, articles and schedules in the Constitution
- Analyse the structure of the Constitution of Kenya
- Appreciate the importance of the Constitution in governance

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search for other components of the Constitution and give examples
- Share findings with other groups in class
- Create charts showing components of the Constitution and display

What are the main components of the Constitution of Kenya?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 129
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Manila papers
- Marker pens

- Observation - Oral questions - Group presentations

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya – Roles of the three arms of government

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Illustrate the roles of the Executive arm of government
- Explain the structure of the National Government in Kenya
- Value the role of the Executive in governance

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Work harmoniously in groups to discuss the roles of the Executive arm of government
- Study the structure of the National Government in Kenya
- Create manila paper charts illustrating the roles of the Executive and display

What are the roles of the Executive arm of government?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 130
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Charts on government structure

- Observation - Oral questions - Chart assessment

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya – Roles of the Judiciary and Legislature

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Illustrate roles of the Judiciary and Legislature arms of government
- Explain the interrelationship of the three arms of government
- Appreciate the separation of powers in governance

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Carry out library search on the three arms of government
- Discuss the roles of the Judiciary and Legislature
- Create charts showing the roles and interrelationship of the three arms of government and display

How are the three arms of government interrelated?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 130
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Manila papers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya – Guiding principles of leadership and integrity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Examine guiding principles of leadership and integrity in the Constitution of Kenya
- Identify Chapter VI of the Constitution
- Value integrity in leadership

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use print materials, digital devices or a copy of the Constitution of Kenya to search for the chapter that outlines the guiding principles of leadership and integrity
- Examine the chapter that contains the guiding principles of leadership and integrity
- Write a summary of findings and share with classmates

Why is assertiveness important in adhering to the Constitution of Kenya?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 131
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Citizenship Education Teachers Handbook

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Developments and Governance

The Constitution of Kenya – Applying assertiveness in upholding principles of leadership and integrity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply assertiveness in upholding principles of leadership and integrity in daily interactions
- Exhibit good leadership intended in Chapter VI of the Constitution
- Desire to uphold principles of leadership and integrity

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss different ways in which they apply the Constitutional principles of leadership and integrity in daily interactions
- Reflect on situations when they needed to be assertive
- Develop critical and constructive dialogue as they debate on whether or not leaders in Kenya adhere to their constitutional responsibilities

How can we apply principles of leadership and integrity in our daily interactions?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 133
- The Constitution of Kenya
- Digital resources
- Flip charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Debate assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Human Rights – How human rights can be respected and protected

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explore how human rights can be respected and protected in the community
- Identify different human rights
- Show interest in promoting human rights

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Foster fairness and justice among peers as they brainstorm on how human rights can be respected and protected in the community
- Study pictures showing people enjoying different human rights
- Suggest how human rights can be respected and protected in the community

How can we promote respect for human rights in the community?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 135
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing human rights
- The Constitution of Kenya

- Observation - Oral questions - Group presentations

Political Developments and Governance

Human Rights – Respecting and protecting specific human rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain ways of respecting and protecting specific human rights
- Differentiate between various human rights
- Value the importance of human rights in society

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Explore how we can respect and protect the right to life, liberty, equality before the law, own property, decent housing, privacy
- Make short notes and share with friends
- Identify ways that promote and violate human rights

What are the ways of respecting and protecting human rights?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 136
- Digital resources
- Posters on human rights
- Flip charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Developments and Governance

Human Rights – Effective communication on human rights issues

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the process of effective communication on human rights issues
- Develop an effective communication plan on human rights
- Appreciate the role of communication in promoting human rights

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Role-play scenarios that depict the process of effective communication on human rights issues
- Study a flow chart showing process of effective communication on human rights issues
- Come up with an effective communication plan on human rights

How can effective communication foster respect for human rights?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 137
- Digital resources
- Flow charts
- Manila papers

- Observation - Oral questions - Role-play assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Human Rights – Effective communication on human rights issues

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the process of effective communication on human rights issues
- Develop an effective communication plan on human rights
- Appreciate the role of communication in promoting human rights

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Role-play scenarios that depict the process of effective communication on human rights issues
- Study a flow chart showing process of effective communication on human rights issues
- Come up with an effective communication plan on human rights

How can effective communication foster respect for human rights?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 137
- Digital resources
- Flow charts
- Manila papers

- Observation - Oral questions - Role-play assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Human Rights – Children's Rights in Kenya (Children's Act 2022)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Outline Children's Rights as stipulated in the Children's Act 2022
- Identify the provisions of the Children's Act 2022
- Show interest in Children's Rights

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use print or digital resources to search for and identify the rights of the child as stipulated in the Children's Act 2022
- Make a list of the Children's Rights in the Children's Act 2022
- Share findings with others in class

What are the Children's Rights in Kenya?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 138
- Children's Act 2022
- Digital resources
- Citizenship Education Learners Activity Book

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Developments and Governance

Human Rights – Children's Rights (African Charter on Rights and Welfare of the Child)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify Children's Rights as stipulated in the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
- Compare Children's Rights in different instruments
- Value the protection of Children's Rights

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use textbooks or digital devices to search for and identify the Children's Rights as stipulated in the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
- Compare and analyse the Children's Rights in the Children's Act 2022 and the African Charter
- Share findings with other groups in class

How do different instruments protect Children's Rights?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 139
- African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Comparative analysis

Political Developments and Governance

Human Rights – Ways children are protected against violation of their Rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Demonstrate ways in which children are protected against violation of their Rights in Kenya
- Identify institutions that protect Children's Rights
- Desire to promote protection of Children's Rights

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Enhance communication and collaboration skills within diverse group to perform a skit depicting ways in which children are protected against violation of their rights
- Complete a mind map showing ways in which children are protected against violation of their rights
- Write a collaborative true story on how a child was protected against violation of their rights

How can we promote protection of Children's Rights in the community?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 140
- Digital resources
- Mind map templates
- Picture stories

- Observation - Oral questions - Skit assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Human Rights – Taking action to protect human rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply ways of taking action to protect human rights in society
- Design strategies for protecting human rights
- Appreciate individual role in protecting human rights

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Using digital or print resources, find out how we can take action to protect human rights in the society
- Think about the action to take to promote protection of human rights such as non-discrimination, right to life, right to education
- Make summary notes and share with other groups

What actions can we take to protect human rights?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 141
- Digital resources
- Posters
- Flip charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Developments and Governance

Human Rights – Responsibility of society in protecting human rights

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Recognise responsibility of the society in protecting human rights
- Explain roles of different people in protecting human rights
- Value collective responsibility in human rights protection

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices or print media to search for information on the responsibilities of parents, children, government, religious groups, human rights activists and NGOs in protection of human rights
- Discuss how teachers in school take part in protection of human rights
- Make brief notes on discussion and compare with other groups

Why is protection of human rights a responsibility of everyone?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 142
- Digital resources
- Citizenship Education Teachers Handbook
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Group presentations

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship – Qualities of a global citizen

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe qualities of a global citizen in an interconnected society
- Identify characteristics of global citizens
- Appreciate the importance of global citizenship

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Brainstorm on qualities and responsibilities of a global citizen in the world today
- Read stories about people with qualities of global citizens
- Debate on the qualities of a global citizen in the modern society

How can we promote global citizenship?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 144
- Digital resources
- Citizenship Education Learners Activity Book
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Debate assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship – Responsibilities of a global citizen

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain responsibilities of a global citizen in the world today
- Relate responsibilities to daily life
- Value responsibilities of global citizenship

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital or print resources to find out the responsibilities of a global citizen
- Become aware about responsibilities of global citizens by developing communication messages or posters
- Watch a video clip on responsibilities of a global citizen

What are the responsibilities of a global citizen?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 145
- Digital resources
- Video clips
- Manila papers

- Observation - Oral questions - Poster assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship – Creating awareness on global citizenship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Create awareness on qualities and responsibilities of global citizens
- Design posters on global citizenship
- Show commitment to global citizenship values

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw a sketch of a human figure and indicate qualities of a global citizen
- Create posters on the responsibilities of a global citizen
- Display posters in class or on the school noticeboard

How can we create awareness on global citizenship?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 146
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Poster assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship – Ways Nobel Prize nominees responded to injustice (Wangari Maathai)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explore ways in which Wangari Maathai responded to injustice situations in society
- Describe Wangari Maathai's achievements and contributions
- Show empathy to personalities who volunteer to address injustices

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Using digital devices or textbooks, search for Wangari Maathai's biography, achievements and contributions to the world
- Identify how Wangari Maathai responded to injustice and unfair treatment in society
- Make summary notes of findings and share with classmates

How can we show empathy as global citizens?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 146
- Digital resources
- Photographs of Wangari Maathai
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship – Ways Nobel Prize nominees responded to injustice (Mahatma Gandhi)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explore ways in which Mahatma Gandhi responded to injustice situations in society
- Compare contributions of Wangari Maathai and Mahatma Gandhi
- Appreciate the role of activists in promoting justice

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Using digital devices or textbooks, search for Mahatma Gandhi's biography, achievements and contributions to the world
- Identify similarities between Wangari Maathai and Mahatma Gandhi in responding to injustice
- Illustrate the similarities in notebook or on a chart

What did Nobel Prize nominees do to address injustices in society?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 147
- Digital resources
- Photographs of Mahatma Gandhi
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Comparative analysis

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship – Ways Nobel Prize nominees responded to injustice (Mahatma Gandhi)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explore ways in which Mahatma Gandhi responded to injustice situations in society
- Compare contributions of Wangari Maathai and Mahatma Gandhi
- Appreciate the role of activists in promoting justice

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Using digital devices or textbooks, search for Mahatma Gandhi's biography, achievements and contributions to the world
- Identify similarities between Wangari Maathai and Mahatma Gandhi in responding to injustice
- Illustrate the similarities in notebook or on a chart

What did Nobel Prize nominees do to address injustices in society?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 147
- Digital resources
- Photographs of Mahatma Gandhi
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Comparative analysis

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship – Factors for harmonious coexistence in East Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain factors for harmonious coexistence among citizens in East Africa
- Identify factors that promote East African citizenship
- Value regional unity and cooperation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- In groups, discuss factors for harmonious coexistence among citizens in East Africa
- Study pictures showing harmonious coexistence among citizens in East Africa
- Share points in class

What factors promote harmonious coexistence in East Africa?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 148
- Digital resources
- Pictures of regional cooperation
- Maps of East Africa

- Observation - Oral questions - Group presentations

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship – Factors for harmonious coexistence in Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain factors for harmonious coexistence among citizens in Africa
- Relate factors to African unity
- Appreciate African citizenship

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how factors such as promoting African cultural heritage, protecting people's rights, encouraging use of locally manufactured goods promote harmonious coexistence in Africa
- Find out from textbooks other factors that promote African citizenship
- Make notes and share

What factors promote harmonious coexistence in Africa?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 150
- Digital resources
- Maps of Africa
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship – East African Community and African Union anthems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Sing the East African Community and African Union anthems
- Explain how the anthems promote harmonious coexistence
- Show patriotism and regional pride

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Practice and sing the Eastern Africa Community (EAC) and African Union (AU) anthems
- Read the words in the East African Community anthem and discuss how they promote harmonious coexistence among citizens in East Africa
- Sing the East African Community anthem in indigenous language

How do regional anthems promote unity?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 149
- The East African and African Union anthems
- Digital resources
- Audio recordings

- Observation - Oral questions - Singing assessment

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship – Social entrepreneurship for personal and social wellbeing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Exhibit social entrepreneurship and active participation in the community
- Identify examples of social entrepreneurship
- Value social entrepreneurship for community development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Research on social entrepreneurship and active participation for personal and social wellbeing and write a report
- Using digital devices or print resources, search for examples of social entrepreneurship in the society
- Discuss how to actively participate in community for personal and social well-being

How can social entrepreneurship address community problems?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 151
- Digital resources
- Case studies on social entrepreneurs
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Political Developments and Governance

Citizenship – Showing empathy to personalities who address injustices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Show empathy to personalities who volunteer to address injustices in society
- Identify roles of people who address injustices
- Appreciate the contribution of activists in society

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search from the internet, newspapers, magazines or articles on personalities who volunteer to address injustices in Kenya and the world
- Write an essay on the roles of personalities who volunteer to address injustices in society
- Design examples of social entrepreneurship and active participation in the community

Why should we show empathy to people who address injustices?

- Mentor Social Studies Learner's Book pg. 152
- Digital resources
- Newspapers and magazines
- Articles on activists

- Observation - Oral questions - Essay assessment