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SCHEME OF WORK
Biology
Form 4 2025
TERM II
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1

END TERM 1 REVISION

2 1
EVOLUTION
Meaning of evolution. Theories of origin of life.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define evolution.
Explain the theories of life.


Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Q/A on creation theory;
Exposition of chemical theory.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 49-51
2 2-3
EVOLUTION
Evidence for organic evolution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite evidence for organic evolution.
Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 51-59
2 4
EVOLUTION
Evidence for organic evolution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite evidence for organic evolution.
Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 51-59
2 5
EVOLUTION
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
Forelimbs of vertebrates.
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63
3 1
EVOLUTION
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures. (contd)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
Forelimbs of vertebrates.
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63
3 2-3
EVOLUTION
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures. (contd)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
Forelimbs of vertebrates.
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63
3 4
EVOLUTION
Convergent evolution and analogous structures.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.
Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.
Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.
KLB BK IV. PP 63-64
3 5
EVOLUTION
Convergent evolution and analogous structures.(contd)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.
Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.
Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.
KLB BK IV. PP 63-64
4 1
EVOLUTION
Larmack?s theory of evolution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Larmack?s theory of evolution.
Expositions and explanations.
text book
KLB BK IV. P 67
4 2-3
EVOLUTION
Larmack?s theory of evolution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Larmack?s theory of evolution.
Expositions and explanations.
text book
KLB BK IV. P 67
4 4
EVOLUTION
Larmack?s theory of evolution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Larmack?s theory of evolution.
Expositions and explanations.
text book
KLB BK IV. P 67
4 5
EVOLUTION
Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
Cite examples of natural selection in action.
Expositions and explanations;
Probing questions;
Topic review.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 67-72
5 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Response and Co-ordination in animals. The nervous system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




State components of the nervous system.
Describe the structure of nerve cells.




Descriptive and expository approaches.




Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 84-85
5 2-3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Response and Co-ordination in animals. The nervous system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




State components of the nervous system.
Describe the structure of nerve cells.




Descriptive and expository approaches.




Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 84-85
5 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Types of neurons. The brain.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of neurons.

Describe structure of the human brain.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 85-88
5 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Reflex actions.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Illustrate a simple reflex arc.
Probing questions on differences between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 88-90
6 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Transmission of a nerve impulse.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 90-93
6 2-3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Transmission of a nerve impulse.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 90-93
6 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The endocrine system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify components of endocrine system.
Compare endocrine system. With nervous system.
Discussion; tabulate the differences.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-6
6 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The mammalian eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human eye.
Explain image formation and interpretation in the eye.
Brain storming;
Discussion with probing questions.
Chart- the human eye.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-100
7 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Accommodation of the eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation of the eye.
Discussion with probing questions,
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Chart- focusing far and near points.
KLB BK IV. PP 100-1
7 2-3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Accommodation of the eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation of the eye.
Discussion with probing questions,
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Chart- focusing far and near points.
KLB BK IV. PP 100-1
7 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Accommodation of the eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation of the eye.
Discussion with probing questions,
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Chart- focusing far and near points.
KLB BK IV. PP 100-1
7 1-5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Accommodation of the eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation of the eye.
Discussion with probing questions,
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Chart- focusing far and near points.
KLB BK IV. PP 100-1
8

MID TERM EXAM

9 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Defects of vision and their correction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify defects of vision.
Explain correction of vision defects.
Detailed discussion with probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 101-4
9 2-3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The human ear.
Hearing.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human ear.


Explain how the ear perceives sound.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Drawn diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 104-5
KLB BK IV. P 106
9 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Hearing.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how the ear perceives sound.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. P 106
9 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Body balance and posture.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how the ear maintains body balance and posture.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
KLB BK IV. PP 107-8
10 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Defects of the ear.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some defects of the ear.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 108
10 2-3
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Importance of support and movement in plants.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:





Explain the importance of support and movement in plants.





Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 111-2
10 4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Arrangement of tissues in a monocotyledonous stem.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw and label a transverse section of a monocotyledonous stem.
Examine transverse section of a monocotyledonous stem.
Monocotyledo-nous stem, eg. tradescantia, microscope,
Razors.
KLB BK IV. PP111-2.
10 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Arrangement of tissues in a dicotyledonous stem.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Draw and label a transverse section of a dicotyledonous stem.
Draw and label a transverse section of herbaceous and woody stems.
Examine transverse section of a dicotyledonous stem, herbaceous and woody stems.
Herbaceous stem, microscope, slides,
Razors.
KLB BK IV. PP 111-5
11 1
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Stem tissues.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some stem tissues.
Explain the role of stem tissues.
Drawing and labeling diagrams;
Discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 113-5
11 2-3
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Stem tissues.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some stem tissues.
Explain the role of stem tissues.
Drawing and labeling diagrams;
Discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 113-5
11 4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Wilting in plants.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare the rate of wilting of herbaceous and woody stems.
Account for difference in rate of water loss.
Uproot herbaceous and woody plants;
Observe tem for about 30 min;
Brief discussion.
KLB BK IV. P 116
11 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Wilting in plants.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare the rate of wilting of herbaceous and woody stems.
Account for difference in rate of water loss.
Uproot herbaceous and woody plants;
Observe tem for about 30 min;
Brief discussion.
KLB BK IV. P 116
12 1
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The exoskeleton.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of the exoskeleton.
Examine movement of a live arthropod;
Observe muscles of the hind limb of a grasshopper;
Relate the observations to the function of the exoskeleton.
A live arthropod,
E.g. grasshopper, millipede.
KLB BK IV. PP 116-7
12 2-3
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The exoskeleton.
The endoskeleton.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the structure of the exoskeleton.
Describe the structure of the endoskeleton.
Examine movement of a live arthropod;
Observe muscles of the hind limb of a grasshopper;
Relate the observations to the function of the exoskeleton.

Observe skeleton of a vertebrate;
Compare it with an exoskeleton.
Discuss the contrasting features.
A live arthropod,
E.g. grasshopper, millipede.
The human skeleton.
KLB BK IV. PP 116-7
KLB BK IV. PP 117-8
13-14

END TERM EXAM AND BREAK

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