ECOLOGY

Population.
Quadrat method of estimating population.
Quadrat method of estimating population.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe some characteristics of populations.
To explain factors affecting population growth rate.
To estimate population using quadrat method.

Q/A: Definition of population.
Discuss population density, dispersion and growth.
Q/A: Factors affecting population growth rate; including food availability, space, diseases such as HIV/AIDS, pests, e.t.c.



Students? outdoor activity- Estimating population using standard quadrats.

text book
Standard quadrats.

KLB BK III. P 46.  CERTIFICATE PG 60
KLB BK III. PP
46-47. CERTIFICATE PG 62

ECOLOGY

Line - transect method of estimating population.
Belt transect method of estimating population.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the line transect method of population.
To suggest limitations of line transect method of population.

Teacher explains procedure of line transect method of population.
Q/A: Students suggest limitations of line transect method of population.

text book
Tape measure, quadrats, pegs, thermometer, pH indicator, e.t.c

KLB BK III.
PP 47-48. CERTIFICATE PG 63

ECOLOGY

Capture-recapture method.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe capture-recapture method of estimating population.
To suggest limitations of capture-recapture method.
To estimate population size using capture-recapture method.

Detailed discussion and explanations.

Q/A: Assumptions made in this method, limitations of the method.

Worked examples.

specimen

KLB BK III. PP 48-49. CERTIFICATE PG 61

ECOLOGY

Xerophytes.
Mesophytes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of dry habitats.
To identify adaptations of xerophytes to their habitats.

Q/A: Characteristics of dry habitats.
Discussion: Adaptations of xerophytes to dry habitats.

Specimens of xerophytes.
Specimens of mesophytes.

KLB BK III. P 50. CERTIFICATE PG 64

ECOLOGY

Hydrophytes.
Halophytes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state characteristics of habitats of hydrophytes.
To explain adaptations of hydrophytes to their habitats.
To state characteristics of habitats of halophytes.
To explain adaptations of halophytes to their habitats.

Q/A: Characteristics of habitats where hydrophytes.
thrive.

Discussion: Adaptations of hydrophytes to their habitats.

Q/A: Characteristics of dry habitats.
Discussion: Adaptations of dry habitats.

Specimens of hydrophytes.
Specimens of halophytes.

KLB BK III. P 51. CERTIFICATE PG 66
KLB BK III. P 52. CERTIFICATE PG 68

ECOLOGY

Adaptive features of plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Group experiments- Students examine given specimens and suggest their habitats.
Identify adaptive features.

Xerophytes Mesophytes
Hydrophytes
Hand lenses.

KLB BK III. P 50. CERTIFICATE PG 69

ECOLOGY

Pollution and its effects.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define pollution, pollutants.
To explain effects of pollution on human beings and other organisms.

Discussion punctuated with Q/A.

text book

KLB BK III. P 55. CERTIFICATE PG 70

ECOLOGY

Air pollution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causes and effects of air pollution.
To suggest control measures of air pollution.

Detailed discussion & probing questions.

topic related video

KLB BK III. PP 56-59. CERTIFICATE PG 70

ECOLOGY

Water pollution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causes and effects of water pollution.
To suggest control measures of water pollution.

Detailed discussion & Q/A.

video of water pollution

KLB BK III. P 60. CERTIFICATE PG 77

ECOLOGY

Water pollution.
Soil pollution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causes and effects of water pollution.
To suggest control measures of water pollution.


To identify causes and effects of soil pollution.
To suggest control measures of soil pollution.

Detailed discussion & Q/A.

video of water pollution
text book

KLB BK III. P 60. CERTIFICATE PG 77
KLB BK III. P 62. CERTIFICATE PG 80

ECOLOGY

Radioactive emissions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify effects of radioactive emissions.
To state uses of nuclear energy.

Brief discussion on radioactive emissions and nuclear energy

text book

KLB BK III. P 62. CERTIFICATE PG 72

ECOLOGY

Human diseases. Typhoid & cholera.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify disease predisposing factors.
To describe causative agents, symptoms, prevention of bacterial diseases.

Detailed discussion with probing questions.

text book

KLB BK III. P 63. CERTIFICATE PG 82

ECOLOGY

Protozoan diseases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causal agents, symptoms, prevention and treatment of amoebic dysentery and malaria.

Detailed discussion, Q/A.

magazine

KLB BK III. PP 66. CERTIFICATE PG 83

ECOLOGY

Prevention and control of protozoan diseases.
Ascaris lumbricoides.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain methods of preventing and controlling protozoan diseases.
To identify adaptive features of Ascaris lumbricoides.
To state and explain effects of a parasite on the host.
To suggest preventive and control measures.

Group activities: Students examine preserved specimens of Ascaris lumbricoides and identify some adaptive features.

Detailed discussion.

Preserved specimens of Ascaris lumbricoides.

CERTIFICATE PG  83
KLB BK III. P 67. CERTIFICATE PG 87

ECOLOGY
REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Bilharzia.
Introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify causal and transmission agents of bilharzia.
To describe effects of the parasite on its host.
To identify adaptive features of schistosoma.

Brief discussion
Q/A: Effects on host and control measures.

chart
text book

KLB BK III. P 69. CERTIFICATE PG 86

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Cell division.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define genes and chromosomes.
To describe the role of chromosomes in cell division.

Detailed discussion.

chart

KLB BK III.
P 79. CERTIFICATE PG100

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Mitosis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of mitosis.

Teacher leads in a detailed discussion.
Drawing diagrams showing stages of mitosis.

charts

KLB BK III.
P 80. CERTIFICATE PG 100

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Mitosis in a young root tip.
Significance of mitosis.
Meiosis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to show mitosis in a young root tip.
To distinguish meiosis from mitosis.
To explain the principle underlying meiosis.

Group experiments: Observing different stages of mitosis. Drawing cells showing stages of mitosis.

Comparing drawn cells with those previously drawn.
Explanations

Onion root tip.
Microscope
IM HCl
Cover slides.
text book

KLB BK III.
P 80. CERTIFICATE PG 102
KLB BK III.
P 82. CERTIFICATE PG 103

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

First and second meiotic divisions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the processes of first and second meiotic divisions.

Explanations and drawing diagrams.

Chart- stages of second meiotic division.

KLB BK III.
P 82. CERTIFICATE PG 104

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Meiosis in plant cells.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify various stages of meiosis.

Group experiments- meiosis in young flower bulbs.
Drawing cells showing stages of meiosis.
Comparing drawn cells with those previously drawn.

Flower buds
IM HCl
Source of heat
Glass slide
Filter paper
Microscope

KLB BK III.
P 82. CERTIFICATE PG 105

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Significance of meiosis.
Asexual reproduction. Binary fission.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain significance of meiosis.

Detailed discussion.
Probing questions leading to differences between mitosis and meiosis.

Chart- Binary fission in amoeba

KLB BK III.
P 82. CERTIFICATE PG 113

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Spore formation.
Budding.
Budding in yeast.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe the process of spore formation in bread// ugali mould.
To explain conditions necessary for budding in yeast.

Mould on bread /ugali.
Identify and draw hyphae and sporangia.
Exposition and discussion.

Microscope bread/ ugali mould
Hand lens.

Previously prepared 10% sugar solution
Methylene blue
Microscope

KLB BK III.
P 88.CERTIFICATE PG 114
KLB BK III.
P 89.CERTIFICATE PG 113

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Sexual reproduction in plants. Structure of a flower.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label a flower.

Group experiments- Examine flowers and identify parts.
Counting number of sepals, petals, stamen, carpels.

Bean flower
Morning glory
Bauhinia Longitudinal section of a general flower.

KLB BK III.
P 90.CERTIFICATE PG 117

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Flower terminologies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain terms related to flowers.

Exposition of new concepts.
Teacher demonstration- examining features of flowers.

Flowers.

KLB BK III.
P 91.CERTIFICATE PG 117

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Flower terminologies.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain terms related to flowers.

Exposition of new concepts.
Teacher demonstration- examining features of flowers.

Flowers.

KLB BK III.
P 91.CERTIFICATE PG 117

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Pollination. Insect-pollinated flowers.
Wind-pollinated flowers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define pollination.
To identify agents of pollination.
To describe the structure of insect-pollinated flowers.
To describe the structure of wind-pollinated flowers.

Q/A: Definition of pollination.
Agents of pollination.
Class experiment- Structure of insect pollinated flowers.
Students identify various parts.

Class experiment-examine inflorescence of star grass/ maize/ sugarcane.
Identify glumes, spikes and spikelets.
Compare them in text books/ charts.

Insect-pollinated flowers.
Wind-pollinated flowers.

KLB BK III.
P 93.CERTIFICATE PG 119
KLB BK III.
PP 93-94.CERTIFICATE PG 119

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Adaptive features of wind-pollinated flowers.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain adaptive features of wind-pollinated flowers.

Q/A: adaptive features of wind-pollinated flowers.

Wind-pollinated flowers.

KLB BK III. PP 93-94.CERTIFICATE PG 119

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Features hindering self-pollination.
Fertilisation process in flowering plants.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To discuss features and mechanisms that hinder self-pollination in plants.

Exposition and detailed discussion.

wind & inect pollinated flower
chart

KLB BK III. PP 93-94.

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Seed formation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

To explain formation of seeds.

Detailed discussion.

text book

KLB BK III.
P 97.CERTIFICATE PG 123

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Seed formation.
Fruit development.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

To explain formation of seeds.


To describe development of fruits in flowering plants.

Detailed discussion.

Detailed discussion.

text book

KLB BK III.
P 97.CERTIFICATE PG 123
KLB BK III.
P 98.CERTIFICATE PG 124

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Classification of fruits.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To classify fruits using specific criteria.

Teacher presents several types of fruits and leads students in classifying them.
Detailed discussion, drawing of diagrams.

A variety of fruits, petri dishes
Blades
Containers.

KLB BK III.
P 99. CERTIFICATE PG 125

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Placentation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

To define placentation.
To describe the process of placentation.
To identify types of placentation.

Teacher exposes the meaning of placentation.
Students examine ovaries of various fruits as the teacher exposes the types of placentation exhibited.
Students draw diagrams showing types of placentation.

Fruits
Beans
Sunflower
Pawpaw
Orange
Primrose, e.t.c

KLB BK III.
P 100.CERTIFICATE PG 130

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Placentation.
Fruit and seed dispersal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

To define placentation.
To describe the process of placentation.
To identify types of placentation.
To explain adaptive features of fruits and seeds to their agents of dispersal.

Teacher exposes the meaning of placentation.
Students examine ovaries of various fruits as the teacher exposes the types of placentation exhibited.
Students draw diagrams showing types of placentation.

Students examine fruits and seeds, observe external features, and group them accordingly to methods of dispersal.
Detailed discussion of observations made.

Fruits
Beans
Sunflower
Pawpaw
Orange
Primrose, e.t.c
text book

KLB BK III.
P 100.CERTIFICATE PG 130
KLB BK III. PP. 102-103 CERTIFICATE PG 130

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal structure of fruits.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To label the parts of internal structure of a fruit.

To identify the functions of internal parts of a fruit.

Teacher demonstration- Vertical sections of fruits.

Students draw and label the fruit internal structure.

charts

KLB BK III. P. 104 

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Sexual reproduction in animals. External fertilisation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


To describe external fertilisation in amphibians.

Detailed discussion.

Strands of eggs of frogs.

KLB BK III.
P 105 CERTIFICATE PG 147

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Internal fertilisation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe internal fertilisation and compare it with external fertilisation.

Tabulate differences between external and internal fertilisation.

KLB BK III. P. 105CERTIFICATE PG 148

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Reproduction in mammals. Reproduction in human beings.
Functions of parts of male reproduction system.
Male reproduction system of a male animal.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the reproduction process in mammals.


To draw and label the structure of male reproduction system.


To explain the male reproduction system.

Detailed discussion.



Drawing and labeling male reproduction system.

Wall charts-Reproduction system.
text book
Reproduction system of a rabbit/ rat.

KLB BK III. P. 105 CERTIFICATE PG 149
KLB BK III. PP. 106-108 CERTIFICATE PG 150

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Female reproduction system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To draw and label parts of the female reproduction system.

Drawing and labeling.

chart

KLB BK III. PP.
108-110. CERTIFICATE PG 164

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Functions of parts of female reproduction system.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the functions of parts of female reproduction system.

Detailed discussion.

chart

KLB BK III. PP.
108-110 CERTIFICATE PG  150

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Female reproduction system of a female animal.
Formation of ova.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify parts of female reproduction system of a female animal.

Examine parts of a female reproduction system.
Identify the parts.

Dissected female rat/ mouse/rabbit.
text book

KLB BK III. P.110 CERTIFICATE PG 151

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Fertilisation process.
Implantation.
The placenta.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the fertilisation process.
To define implantation.
To define ectopic pregnancy.

Discussion
Drawing diagrams.


Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Discussion.

chart
text book
Chart- The placenta.

KLB BK III. PP. 113-114 CERTIFICATE PG 152
KLB BK III. P. 114 CERTIFICATE PG 153

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS

Role of the placenta. Placental exchanges.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state and explain the role of the placenta.
To identify substances allowed / not allowed to pass through the placenta

Exposition and discussion. Drawing diagrams showing placental exchanges.
Detailed discussion.

text book

KLB BK III. P. 116 CERTIFICATE PG 159