THE MOLE

Mole, molar mass and R.A.M.
Number of moles in a substance.
Relative molecular mass & Relative formula mass.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term mole as a quantity of measurement.
Relate the mole to R.A.M and molar mass.
Define relative molecular mass.
Calculate RMM of a compound.

Discuss various analogies that lead to the definition of the mole.
Expose the meaning of R.A.M., Avogadro?s constant and molar mass.
Q/A: - Review formulae of compounds.
Complete a table of compounds and their molecular / formula mass.

Chart- table of molar masses of elements.
student book
Calculators.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 27-31
Longhorn
Book III
PP 34-35

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 34-35

Longhorn Book III PP 44-60

THE MOLE

Moles and Avogadro?s number.
Empirical Formula.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate number of particles in a given number of moles.

Review standard form of numbers.
Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

Calculators.
student book

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 3132
Longhorn
Book III
PP 30-31

THE MOLE

Molecular formula.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define molecular formula of a compound.
Find molecular formula given percentage composition of a compound by mass.

Worked examples.

Supervised practice.

Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 45

Longhorn
Book III
PP 73-75

THE MOLE

Concentration of a solution.
Molarity of a solution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define concentration of a solution.
Find concentration of a solution in grams/litre and moles/litre.

Q/A: - Equivalent ratios, e.g. 4g dissolved in 500cm? and
8g in 1 litre.
Worked examples on concentration of solutions.

chart
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 46-48

Longhorn Book III PP 76-81

THE MOLE

Preparation of molar solutions.
Calculators on molar solutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define molar solutions.
Prepare molar solutions.

Q/A: - Description of preparation of molar solutions.

Volumetric flasks, teat droppers/wash bottle.
Sodium hydrogen pellets.
Weighing balance.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 50-51

Longhorn
Book III
PP 78-81

THE MOLE

Dilution of solutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate molarity of a solution after dilution.

Group experiments.
Calculations.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 76-81

THE MOLE

Stoichiometry of a chemical reaction.
Stoichiometric equations.
Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine mole ratio of given reactions.
To investigate and determine Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.

Group experiments: - Determine masses, hence moles of reacting CuSO4 solution and iron metal.
Class experiments.

Problem solving.

CuSO4 solution and iron metal.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 56
Longhorn Book III PP 87-92

K.L.B. BK III
P. 62

Volumetric Analysis.

Apparatus used in titration experiments.
Titration process.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To use and read a pipette and a burette.

Discussion and practical use of the apparatus.
Emphasis is laid on need to sterilize the apparatus after use.

Pipettes
Burettes.
Indicators
Suitable acid and base.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 63-64
Longhorn
Book III
PP 104-8

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out a titration experiment and obtain accurate results.

Class experiments: - To neutralize HCl with NaOH solution.
Fill in a table of results.
Find the average base used.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 66

Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)
Basicity of an acid.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out calculations from experimental results.

Step-by-step calculations.

Calculators.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P 66
Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Standardization of HCl.
Concentration of HCl.
Redox Titration Reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define standardization of HCl.
To standardize a solution with an iron (II) salt.

Class experiments.
Experiment and calculations.

Dilute HCl, Na2CO3 solutions.
Potassium Magnate
(VII)

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75
K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Longhorn
Book III
PP 114-115

Volumetric Analysis.

Water of crystallization.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine amount of water of crystallization in ammonium iron sulphate crystals.

Teacher exposes the formula of water of crystallization.
Class experiment.
Filling in a table of results.

Ammonium
Iron (II)
Sulphate crystals.
Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 76

Volumetric Analysis.

Formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.
Formula mass of a given salt.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To find formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.

Calculations from experimental results.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 76 -77

Volumetric Analysis.

Atomicity of gases.
Mass and volume of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define atomicity of gases.

Review by Q/A atoms and molecules; hence the definition.
Discuss a table of gases and their atomicity.

student book
Lubricated syringes
Oxygen/
CO2.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 78 -80
Longhorn BK III PP 126-128

Volumetric Analysis.

Molar gas volume.
Combining volumes of gases.
Gay Lussac?s Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define molar gas volume.
To state Gay Lussac?s Law.
To compare Gay Lussac?s Law with Avogadro?s Law.
To solve numericals using Gay Lussac?s Law.

Use the above results to describe volume of one mole of a gas.
Discuss molar gas volume at R.T.P and S.T.P conditions.

Teacher exposes the law; and compares it with Gay Lussac?s Law.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
79 ? 80
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-127

K.L.B. BK III
P. 85

Longhorn
Book III
PP 129-131

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Isolation of nitrogen from air.
Industrial production of nitrogen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Describe isolation of nitrogen from air.

Teacher demonstration, explanations and equations.

Aspirator, copper turnings, gas jar, combustion tube, trogh.
charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 134-135

Longhorn Book
P 186

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Lab. preparation of nitrogen.
Physical and chemical properties of nitrogen. Uses of nitrogen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe lab preparation of nitrogen.

Teacher demonstration:
Students? record observations made from tests on the gas.
Writing equations of reactions.

Ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate
charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 137

Longhorn
Book III
P 190-1

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitrogen (I) oxide. Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe Nitrogen (I) oxide.

Teacher demonstration: -
Carry out tests on the gas.
Students record observations in a table.
Guided discussion.

Ammonium nitrate.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 139-141

Longhorn
Book III
PP 195-6

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties and uses of Nitrogen (I) oxide.
Nitrogen (II) oxide. Lab preparation.
Properties of the gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of nitrogen (I) oxide.
To describe chemical properties of nitrogen (I) oxide.
To list down uses of nitrogen (I) oxide.

To describe lab preparation of nitrogen (II) oxide.

Q/A: Deductions from tests carried out.
Discussion of chemical properties and writing of equations.

Teacher elucidates uses of nitrogen (1) oxide.

Class experiment: Preparation and carrying out tests on the gas.
Observations recorded in a table.

charts
Dil nitric acid, copper turnings.
charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 141
Longhorn
Book III
PP 191-2

K.L.B. BK III
P. 142
Longhorn
Book III
PP 200-1

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitrogen (1V) oxide Lab preparation.
Properties of Nitrogen (IV) oxide.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe nitrogen (IV) oxide lab preparation.

Teacher demonstration: - Preparation of the gas and corresponding equation.
Tests on the gas and make observations.

Conc. nitric acid, copper turnings.
charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 144-145

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Ammonia. Lab preparation of ammonia.
Properties of ammonia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe lab preparation of ammonia

Q/A: Structure of ammonia.
Group experiments: Preparation of ammonia.
Tests on the gas.

Ca(OH)2, NH4Cl Solutions, CaO, litmus papers..M THREE CHEMISTRY TERM TWO 20....
charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 147-148

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Solubility of ammonia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe an experiment to determine solubility of ammonia.

Teacher demonstration.

Discussion.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 150

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of ammonia with metal ions.
Ionic equations of above reactions.
Burning ammonia in the air.
Reaction of ammonia with copper (II) Oxide.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To prepare aqueous solution of ammonia.


To carry out tests of aqueous ammonia on metal ions.
To describe burning ammonia in the air.

Teacher demonstration: - Preparation of aqueous solution of ammonia.

Class experiments: -
Students record observations when drops of aqueous ammonia are added, then in excess.
Teacher demonstration
Discussion
Chemical equations of reactions.

2 cm Solutions containing various metal ions.
charts
Conc. Ammonium solution
Hot platinum rod
Oxygen.
Granular CuCl2
Combustion tube,
Dry ammonia
U-tube
Gas jar.

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 152-153

K.L.B.
BK III
P. 158
Longhorn
Book III
PP 219

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Haber process.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify raw materials for Haber process and how they are obtained in large scale.
Discuss the Haber process.
Represent Haber process in a schematic diagram.

Discussion and explanations.

Chart- schematic diagram.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 159-160
225-226

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of ammonia.
Nitric acid. Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down uses of ammonia.
To list down nitrogenous fertilizers.

Teacher elucidates uses of ammonia and nitrogenous fertilizers.

charts
Retort stand
Conc. H2SO4
KNO3

K.L.B. BK III
P. 161

Longhorn
Book III
PP 126 -226

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitric acid Industrial manufacture.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe industrial manufacture of nitric acid.

Discussion and writing equations.

Chart
Schematic diagram.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 164

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of dilute Nitric acid with metals.
Nitric acid and carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of dilute nitric acid with metals.
To write equations of reactions of dilute nitric acid with metals.

Class experiment:- making observations and recording them in a table.
Discuss the observations.
Write down equations for the reactions.

Magnesium
Zinc
Copper
Solutions of
Na2CO3
NaHCO3
ZnCO3
CuCO3

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 165-166

Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.
Dilute nitric acid and metal hydroxides and oxides.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write equations for reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.

Discussion and corresponding equations.

Metal hydroxides.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 167

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.
Uses of nitric acid & nitrates.
Action of heat on nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reactions of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.
To state uses of nitrates.
To describe preparation of nitrates.

Class experiments: -
Explain observations made.
Discussion
Equations for the reactions for preparation of nitrates.

Nitric acid acidified iron sulphate, sulphur, and copper metal.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 169-170

Longhorn Book III
PP 239 -240

K.L.B. BK III
P. 171

Longhorn Book III
PP 240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Test for nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out tests on nitrates.

Class experiments.
Make observations and deductions.
Discuss the brown ring test for nitrates.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP 173-174

Longhorn
Book III
PP 243

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitrogen compounds and the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the pollution of nitrogen compounds in the environment.
To state ways of reducing environmental pollution by nitrogen compounds.

Brief guided discussion.

charts

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 173-174

Longhorn
Book III
PP 244-6

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Extraction of sulphur.
Allotropes of sulphur.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

To describe extraction of sulphur by Frasch process.

Illustrate and discuss extraction of sulphur.

Chart-the Frasch process.
video

K.L.B. BK III
PP.180-181
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-129

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Physical properties of sulphur. Heating of sulphur.
Chemical properties of sulphur.
Uses of sulphur. Sulphur dioxide.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list physical properties of sulphur.

To describe effects of heat on sulphur.
To investigate and describe chemical properties of sulphur.

Class experiment:
Solubility of sulphur in water, benzene, e.t.c,.
Class experiments:
Heating sulphur gently then strongly.
Discuss the observations.

Group experiments.
Discuss observations.
Write corresponding equations.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P.184
Longhorn I
Book III
PP 253-255

K.L.B.BK III
PP.188-190
Longhorn
Book III
PP 256-8

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS
CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Physical properties of sulphur dioxide.
Lab. preparation of chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of sulphur dioxide.

Discuss the above tests.

text book
Conc. HCl, Manganese (IV) oxide.

K.L.B.BK III
PP 193
Longhorn
Book III
PP 262-3

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Physical properties of chlorine.
Chemical properties of chlorine ? reaction with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State physical properties of chlorine.

Q/A: Relate the properties to the method of collection of the gas.
Write equations for the reaction leading to formation of chlorine.

charts
Moist blue litmus papers.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 220.
Longhorn
Book III
P 301

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Chemical properties of chlorine - Reaction with metals - Reaction with non-metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and explain reaction of chlorine with metals / non-metals.

Teacher demonstration:
Discussion.
Writing chemical equations.

textbook

K.L.B.BK III
PP.
224 -225
Longhorn
Book III
PP 303-5

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

- Oxidizing properties of chlorine.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and explain reaction of chlorine with reducing a gents.

Group experiments.
Discuss and explain observations made.
Write corresponding chemical equations.

Expt. Worksheets.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 226 -227
Longhorn Book
PP 307-8

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

- Oxidizing properties of chlorine.
Chlorine and alkalis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and explain reaction of chlorine with reducing a gents.
To investigate and explain reaction of chlorine with alkalis.

Group experiments.
Discuss and explain observations made.
Write corresponding chemical equations.
Teacher demonstration: Bubbling chlorine with dilute cold / hot NaOH solution.
Make observations and account for them.

Expt. Worksheets.
Cold / hot NaOH solutions.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 226 -227
Longhorn Book
PP 307-8

K.L.B.BK III
P. 228
Longhorn Book III
PP 313-4

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Test for chlorides.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out tests for chlorides.

Class expts.
Discuss observations, results.
Write chemical equations for the reactions.

Expt. Worksheets.
Zinc chloride, litmus paper, conc. Sulphuric acid.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 230
Longhorn Book III
PP 318-319

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Uses of chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of chlorine.

Teacher elucidates uses of chlorine.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 231
Longhorn Book III
PP 320

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Hydrogen chloride gas. Lab. prep. Physical properties.
Aqueous hydrogen chloride.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe Lab. prep of hydrogen chloride gas.
To investigate and state physical properties of hydrogen chloride gas.

Teacher demonstration.
Carry out tests on the gas and deduce the properties of the gas.

Sodium chloride crystals, conc H2SO4
Distilled water.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 232
Longhorn
Book III
PP 323-4

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Further chemical properties of hydrogen chloride gas.
Large-scale production of hydrochloric acid.
Uses of hydrochloric acid.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine chemical properties of hydrogen chloride gas.
To carry out confirmatory test for hydrogen chloride gas.

Identify raw materials for manufacture of hydrochloric acid in large scale.
Describe the manufacturing process.

Class experiment leading to deduction of further chemical properties of hydrogen chloride gas / confirmatory test for hydrogen chloride gas.

Discussion and giving relevant equations.

Ammonia solution.
charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP.
235 -223
Longhorn
Book III
PP 327-331

K.L.B.BK III
P. 237
Longhorn Book III
P 330

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Effects of hydrochloric acid on the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain effects of hydrochloric acid on the environment.

Discussion and explanation.
Assignment.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P 238.
Longhorn Book III
PP 334-8