THE MOLE

Mole, molar mass and R.A.M.
Number of moles in a substance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term mole as a quantity of measurement.
Relate the mole to R.A.M and molar mass.
Calculate number of moles in a given mass of a substance.

Discuss various analogies that lead to the definition of the mole.
Expose the meaning of R.A.M., Avogadro?s constant and molar mass.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

Chart- table of molar masses of elements.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 27-31
Longhorn
Book III
PP 34-35

K.L.B .BK III
P. 34
Longhorn
BK III
PP 39-40

THE MOLE

Relative molecular mass & Relative formula mass.
Moles and Avogadro?s number.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define relative molecular mass.
Calculate RMM of a compound.

Q/A: - Review formulae of compounds.
Complete a table of compounds and their molecular / formula mass.

Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 34-35

Longhorn Book III PP 44-60

THE MOLE

Empirical Formula.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine empirical formula of a compound given percentage composition by mass.

Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

Assignment.

student book

K.L.B.
BK III P. 43

Longhorn Book III PP 66-71

THE MOLE

Molecular formula.
Concentration of a solution.
Molarity of a solution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define molecular formula of a compound.
Find molecular formula given percentage composition of a compound by mass.

Worked examples.

Supervised practice.

Calculators.
chart
student book

K.L.B.BK III
P. 45

Longhorn
Book III
PP 73-75

THE MOLE

Preparation of molar solutions.
Calculators on molar solutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define molar solutions.
Prepare molar solutions.

Q/A: - Description of preparation of molar solutions.

Volumetric flasks, teat droppers/wash bottle.
Sodium hydrogen pellets.
Weighing balance.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 50-51

Longhorn
Book III
PP 78-81

THE MOLE

Dilution of solutions.
Stoichiometry of a chemical reaction.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate molarity of a solution after dilution.

Group experiments.
Calculations.

student book
CuSO4 solution and iron metal.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 76-81

THE MOLE
Volumetric Analysis.

Stoichiometric equations.
Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.
Apparatus used in titration experiments.
Titration process.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a stoichiometric equation.
To use and read a pipette and a burette.

To write stoichiometric equations of the above reactions.
Discussion and practical use of the apparatus.
Emphasis is laid on need to sterilize the apparatus after use.

student book
Pipettes
Burettes.
Indicators
Suitable acid and base.

K.L.B. BK III
Longhorn Book III PP 14-16
PP. 88-93
K.L.B. BK III
PP. 63-64
Longhorn
Book III
PP 104-8

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out a titration experiment and obtain accurate results.

Class experiments: - To neutralize HCl with NaOH solution.
Fill in a table of results.
Find the average base used.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 66

Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)
Basicity of an acid.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out calculations from experimental results.

Step-by-step calculations.

Calculators.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P 66
Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Standardization of HCl.
Concentration of HCl.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define standardization of HCl.

Class experiments.

Dilute HCl, Na2CO3 solutions.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Volumetric Analysis.

Redox Titration Reactions.
Water of crystallization.
Formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.
Formula mass of a given salt.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To standardize a solution with an iron (II) salt.
To find formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.

Experiment and calculations.
Calculations from experimental results.

Potassium Magnate
(VII)
Ammonium
Iron (II)
Sulphate crystals.
Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Longhorn
Book III
PP 114-115

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 76 -77

Volumetric Analysis.

Atomicity of gases.
Mass and volume of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define atomicity of gases.

Review by Q/A atoms and molecules; hence the definition.
Discuss a table of gases and their atomicity.

student book
Lubricated syringes
Oxygen/
CO2.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 78 -80
Longhorn BK III PP 126-128

Volumetric Analysis.

Molar gas volume.
Combining volumes of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define molar gas volume.

Use the above results to describe volume of one mole of a gas.
Discuss molar gas volume at R.T.P and S.T.P conditions.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
79 ? 80
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-127

Volumetric Analysis.
NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Gay Lussac?s Law.
Isolation of nitrogen from air.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state Gay Lussac?s Law.
To compare Gay Lussac?s Law with Avogadro?s Law.
To solve numericals using Gay Lussac?s Law.

Teacher exposes the law; and compares it with Gay Lussac?s Law.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

student book
Aspirator, copper turnings, gas jar, combustion tube, trogh.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 85

Longhorn
Book III
PP 129-131

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Industrial production of nitrogen.
Lab. preparation of nitrogen.
Physical and chemical properties of nitrogen. Uses of nitrogen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe industrial production of nitrogen.
State physical and chemical properties of nitrogen.


List down uses of nitrogen.

Discussion and description.
Drawing schematic diagram for the process.
Discussion and writing equations.

charts
Ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate

K.L.B. BK III
PP.135-136

Longhorn Book
PP 188-9

K.L.B. BK III
P. 138

Longhorn
Book III
PP 191-2

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitrogen (I) oxide. Lab preparation.
Properties and uses of Nitrogen (I) oxide.
Nitrogen (II) oxide. Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe Nitrogen (I) oxide.

Teacher demonstration: -
Carry out tests on the gas.
Students record observations in a table.
Guided discussion.

Ammonium nitrate.
charts
Dil nitric acid, copper turnings.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 139-141

Longhorn
Book III
PP 195-6

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of the gas.
Nitrogen (1V) oxide Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of nitrogen (II) oxide
To describe chemical properties of nitrogen (11) oxide

Q/A: Deductions from tests carried out.
Discussion of chemical properties and writing of equations.
Carry out a confirmatory test for the presence of the gas.

charts
Conc. nitric acid, copper turnings.

K.L.B.
BK III
P. 143

Longhorn
Book III
PP 192-200

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of Nitrogen (IV) oxide.
Ammonia. Lab preparation of ammonia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of nitrogen (IV) oxide
To describe chemical properties of nitrogen (IV) oxide
To state uses of nitrogen (1V) oxide.

Deduce physical properties from the table of observations.
To describe chemical properties from the table of observations.
Discuss uses of nitrogen (1V) oxide.

charts
Ca(OH)2, NH4Cl Solutions, CaO, litmus papers..M THREE CHEMISTRY TERM TWO 20....

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 144-147

Longhorn
Book III
P 204

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Properties of ammonia.
Solubility of ammonia.
Reaction of ammonia with metal ions.
Ionic equations of above reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of ammonia.
To prepare aqueous solution of ammonia.


To carry out tests of aqueous ammonia on metal ions.

Deduce physical properties from the observations above.
Discuss chemical properties from the observations above.
Write down chemical equations.

Teacher demonstration: - Preparation of aqueous solution of ammonia.

Class experiments: -
Students record observations when drops of aqueous ammonia are added, then in excess.

charts
2 cm Solutions containing various metal ions.
charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 150

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 152-153

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Burning ammonia in the air.
Reaction of ammonia with copper (II) Oxide.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe burning ammonia in the air.

Teacher demonstration
Discussion
Chemical equations of reactions.

Conc. Ammonium solution
Hot platinum rod
Oxygen.
Granular CuCl2
Combustion tube,
Dry ammonia
U-tube
Gas jar.

K.L.B.
BK III
P. 158
Longhorn
Book III
PP 219

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Haber process.
Uses of ammonia.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify raw materials for Haber process and how they are obtained in large scale.
Discuss the Haber process.
Represent Haber process in a schematic diagram.

Discussion and explanations.

Chart- schematic diagram.
charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 159-160
225-226

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitric acid. Lab preparation.
Nitric acid Industrial manufacture.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe lab preparation of nitric acid.

Teacher demonstration.
Write equations of reaction.
Discussion.

Retort stand
Conc. H2SO4
KNO3
Chart
Schematic diagram.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 163

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of dilute Nitric acid with metals.
Nitric acid and carbonates.
Reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.
Dilute nitric acid and metal hydroxides and oxides.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of dilute nitric acid with metals.
To write equations of reactions of dilute nitric acid with metals.
Write equations for reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.

Class experiment:- making observations and recording them in a table.
Discuss the observations.
Write down equations for the reactions.
Discussion and corresponding equations.

Magnesium
Zinc
Copper
Solutions of
Na2CO3
NaHCO3
ZnCO3
CuCO3
Metal hydroxides.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 165-166

Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

K.L.B. BK III
P. 167

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reactions of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

Class experiments: -
Explain observations made.

Nitric acid acidified iron sulphate, sulphur, and copper metal.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 169-170

Longhorn Book III
PP 239 -240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of nitric acid & nitrates.
Action of heat on nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of nitrates.
To describe preparation of nitrates.

Discussion
Equations for the reactions for preparation of nitrates.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 171

Longhorn Book III
PP 240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Test for nitrates.
Nitrogen compounds and the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out tests on nitrates.

Class experiments.
Make observations and deductions.
Discuss the brown ring test for nitrates.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP 173-174

Longhorn
Book III
PP 243

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Extraction of sulphur.
Allotropes of sulphur.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

To describe extraction of sulphur by Frasch process.

Illustrate and discuss extraction of sulphur.

Chart-the Frasch process.
video

K.L.B. BK III
PP.180-181
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-129

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Physical properties of sulphur. Heating of sulphur.
Chemical properties of sulphur.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list physical properties of sulphur.

To describe effects of heat on sulphur.

Class experiment:
Solubility of sulphur in water, benzene, e.t.c,.
Class experiments:
Heating sulphur gently then strongly.
Discuss the observations.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P.184
Longhorn I
Book III
PP 253-255

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Uses of sulphur. Sulphur dioxide.
Physical properties of sulphur dioxide.
Acidic properties of SO2.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of sulphur.
Describe lab. preparation of sulphur dioxide.
To carry out experiments to determine acidic properties of SO2.

Teacher elucidates uses of sulphur.
Teacher demonstration:-
Preparation of sulphur dioxide in a fume chamber/in the open.
Carrying out tests on the gas.
Teacher demonstration to verify acidic properties of sulphur dioxide.
Write equations.

charts
text book
textbook

K.L.B.BK III
PP 191- 192
Longhorn Book
P 258

K.L.B.BK III
P. 193
Longhorn
Book III
PP 262-3

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Reducing action of SO2.
Bleaching properties of SO2.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To verify reducing action of SO2.

Class experiments: make observations and draw conclusions.
Write balanced corresponding equations.

Experimental worksheets.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 195

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Oxidizing action of SO2.
Sulphate and sulphite ions. Uses of SO2.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain Oxidizing action of SO2.

Q/A: review redox reactions.
Teacher demonstration: - Lowering magnesium into a jar of SO2; effect of SO2 on hydrogen sulphide.
Discuss observations.
Write equations for the reactions.

Burning magnesium.
Hydrogen sulphide.
Sodium sulphate
Barium chloride
Barium nitrate.

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 198-199
Longhorn
Book III
PP 266-7

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Sulphuric acid. Contact process of manufacture.
Properties of conc. H2SO4.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify raw materials for manufacture of sulphuric acid.
To describe the contact process.

Discussion using schematic
flow charts.
Writing equations.

Chart-schematic
Flow charts.
charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP.201-203
Longhorn
Book III
PP 275-6

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Physical properties of sulphuric acid.
Chemical properties of Sulphuric acid.
Dilute H2SO4, carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To dilute conc. sulphuric acid.
State physical properties of sulphuric acid.

To write equations to show that conc. sulphuric acid is a drying and dehydrating agent.
To describe reactions of dilute H2SO4 with metals.

Teacher demonstration ? diluting conc. sulphuric acid.
Discuss use of conc. sulphuric acid as a drying and dehydrating agent.

Discussion and explanations.
Group expts. ? reaction of metals with dilute H2SO4, make observations and relevant deductions; writing corresponding equations.

Conc. sulphuric acid.

Magnesium, zinc, copper metals.
charts

K.L.B.
BK III P. 205
Longhorn
Book III
PP 274-5

K.L.B.
BK III P. 206
Longhorn
Book III
PP 276-8

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Dilute H2SO4, and metal oxides and hydroxides.
Dilute H2SO4 and metal oxides & hydroxides.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate reaction of dilute H2SO4 with metal oxides and hydroxides.

Class expts.
Observing colour changes.

Oxides of magnesium, zinc, copper.
NaOH Solution.
charts

K.L.B.
BK III P. 210
Longhorn
Book III
PP 287-8

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Hydrogen sulphide. Preparation of the gas. Reaction of the gas with oxygen.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe preparation of hydrogen sulphide.
To state properties of the gas.

Theoretical / descriptive approach.
Writing corresponding equations.
Discuss physical properties of the gas and reaction of the gas with oxygen.

charts

K.L.B.
BK III P. 210
Longhorn
Book III
PP 289-90

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Reaction of the gas with water. Reducing properties of the gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write equations for reaction of the gas with water.
To demonstrate reducing properties of the gas.

Writing chemical equations for the reactions.

charts

K.L.B.
BK III P. 212.
Longhorn
Book III
PP 291-2

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS
CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Sulphur and its effects on the environment.
Lab. preparation of chlorine gas.
Physical properties of chlorine.
Chemical properties of chlorine ? reaction with water.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain environmental pollution caused by sulphur and its compounds.
State physical properties of chlorine.

Discussion and explanation.
Q/A: Relate the properties to the method of collection of the gas.
Write equations for the reaction leading to formation of chlorine.

charts
Conc. HCl, Manganese (IV) oxide.
charts
Moist blue litmus papers.

K.L.B.
BK III P. 214
Longhorn Book
PP 293-5

K.L.B.BK III
P. 220.
Longhorn
Book III
P 301

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Chemical properties of chlorine - Reaction with metals - Reaction with non-metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and explain reaction of chlorine with metals / non-metals.

Teacher demonstration:
Discussion.
Writing chemical equations.

textbook

K.L.B.BK III
PP.
224 -225
Longhorn
Book III
PP 303-5

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

- Oxidizing properties of chlorine.
Chlorine and alkalis.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and explain reaction of chlorine with reducing a gents.

Group experiments.
Discuss and explain observations made.
Write corresponding chemical equations.

Expt. Worksheets.
Cold / hot NaOH solutions.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 226 -227
Longhorn Book
PP 307-8

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Test for chlorides.
Uses of chlorine gas.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out tests for chlorides.

Class expts.
Discuss observations, results.
Write chemical equations for the reactions.

Expt. Worksheets.
Zinc chloride, litmus paper, conc. Sulphuric acid.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 230
Longhorn Book III
PP 318-319

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Hydrogen chloride gas. Lab. prep. Physical properties.
Aqueous hydrogen chloride.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe Lab. prep of hydrogen chloride gas.
To investigate and state physical properties of hydrogen chloride gas.

To prepare aqueous hydrogen chloride.

Teacher demonstration.
Carry out tests on the gas and deduce the properties of the gas.

Class experiment leading to deduction of chemical properties of hydrogen chloride gas.

Sodium chloride crystals, conc H2SO4
Distilled water.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 232
Longhorn
Book III
PP 323-4


K.L.B.BK III
P. 234

CHLORINE & ITS COMPOUNDS

Further chemical properties of hydrogen chloride gas.
Large-scale production of hydrochloric acid.
Uses of hydrochloric acid.
Effects of hydrochloric acid on the environment.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine chemical properties of hydrogen chloride gas.
To carry out confirmatory test for hydrogen chloride gas.

Class experiment leading to deduction of further chemical properties of hydrogen chloride gas / confirmatory test for hydrogen chloride gas.

Ammonia solution.
charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP.
235 -223
Longhorn
Book III
PP 327-331