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SCHEME OF WORK
Biology
Form 4 2025
TERM II
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
1 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Support and movement in mammals. The skull and rib cage.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Describe the structure of the skull and rib cage.




Observe the human skull and rib cage of a rat / rabbit.
Detailed discussion.




Human skull, rib cage of rat / rabbit.




KLB BK IV. PP 119-120
2 1-2
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The vertebral column. Cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the vertebral column.
Identify types of vertebrae.
Explain adaptations of cervical and thoracic vertebrae to their functions.
Explain adaptations of Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to their functions.
Examine cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
Examine thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.
Cervical and thoracic vertebrae.
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
KLB BK IV. PP 121-2
KLB BK IV. PP 122-3
2 3
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain adaptations of Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to their functions.
Examine thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.
Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
KLB BK IV. PP 122-3
2 4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The sacral and caudal vertebrae.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the sacral and caudal vertebrae.
Explain adaptations of sacral and caudal vertebrae to their functions.
Examine sacral and caudal vertebrae.
Draw labeled diagrams;
Brief discussion.
Sacral and caudal vertebrae.
KLB BK IV. P 124
2 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The appendicular skeleton.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the features of the appendicular skeleton.
Examine the appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.
Brief discussion..
Appendicular skeleton of a rabbit /sheep.
KLB BK IV. PP 124-5
3 1
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Fore limb.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify bones of the fore limb.
Examine bones if the fore limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.
Bones of the fore limb.
KLB BK IV. PP 126-7
3 1-2
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Fore limb.
Hind limb.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify bones of the fore limb.
Identify bones of the hind limb.
Examine bones if the fore limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.
Examine bones if the hind limb;
Drawing labeled diagrams;
Discussion.
Bones of the fore limb.
Bones of the hind limb.
KLB BK IV. PP 126-7
KLB BK IV. P 127
3 3
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Movable joints.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of movable joints.
Examine the synovial joint.
Brief discussion.
Synovial joint model.
KLB BK IV. P 127
3 4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Ball and socket joint.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of ball and socket joint.
Examine the synovial joint.
Discuss observations.
Synovial joint model.
KLB BK IV. P 128
3 5
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
The hinge joint. Movement of a joint.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify features of hinge joint.

Describe movement of a joint.
Examine a hinge joint.

Observe movement of the fore arm;

Discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 128-9
4 1-2
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Skeletal muscles.
Smooth or visceral muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of skeletal muscles.
Describe features of smooth muscles.
Examine diagrams of skeletal muscles;
Brief discussion.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 129-30
4 3
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Smooth or visceral muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 129-30
4 4
SUPPORT & MOVEMENT IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Cardiac muscles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe features of smooth muscles.
Examine diagrams of smooth muscles;
Brief discussion;
Topic review.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 130-1
4 5
EVOLUTION
Meaning of evolution. Theories of origin of life.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define evolution.
Explain the theories of life.


Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Q/A on creation theory;
Exposition of chemical theory.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 49-51
5 1-2
EVOLUTION
Evidence for organic evolution.
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite evidence for organic evolution.
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.

Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
text book
Forelimbs of vertebrates.
KLB BK IV. PP 51-59
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63
5 3
EVOLUTION
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
Forelimbs of vertebrates.
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63
5 4
EVOLUTION
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures. (contd)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
Forelimbs of vertebrates.
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63
5 5
EVOLUTION
Convergent evolution and analogous structures.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.
Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.
Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.
KLB BK IV. PP 63-64
6 1-2
EVOLUTION
Convergent evolution and analogous structures.(contd)
Larmack?s theory of evolution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.
Explain Larmack?s theory of evolution.
Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.

Expositions and explanations.
Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 63-64
KLB BK IV. P 67
6 3
EVOLUTION
Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
Cite examples of natural selection in action.
Expositions and explanations;
Probing questions;
Topic review.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 67-72
6 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Meaning of stimulus, response and irritability. Tactic responses.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Define of stimulus, response and irritability.
Explain the need for sensitivity and response.
Identify types of tactics responses.




Brain storming;
Exposition;
Group experiments-chemotaxis in termites;
Discussion.




Brad crumbs, termites, dry sand, moth balls.




KLB BK IV. PP 73-74
6 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Tropism and types of tropism.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.
Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.
KLB BK IV. PP 74-78
7 1-2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Nastic responses.
Role of auxins in tropisms.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of nastic responses
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.
Q/A and discussion.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 78-80
KLB BK IV. PP 80-83
7 3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Role of auxins in tropisms.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 80-83
7 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Response and Co-ordination in animals. The nervous system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




State components of the nervous system.
Describe the structure of nerve cells.




Descriptive and expository approaches.




Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 84-85
7 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Types of neurons. The brain.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of neurons.

Describe structure of the human brain.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 85-88
8

Mid term Exam
9

Mid term Break
10 1-2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Reflex actions.
Transmission of a nerve impulse.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse.
Illustrate a simple reflex arc.
Probing questions on differences between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 88-90
KLB BK IV. PP 90-93
10 3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The endocrine system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify components of endocrine system.
Compare endocrine system. With nervous system.
Discussion; tabulate the differences.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-6
10 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The mammalian eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human eye.
Explain image formation and interpretation in the eye.
Brain storming;
Discussion with probing questions.
Chart- the human eye.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-100
10 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The mammalian eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human eye.
Explain image formation and interpretation in the eye.
Brain storming;
Discussion with probing questions.
Chart- the human eye.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-100
11 1-2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Accommodation of the eye.
Defects of vision and their correction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation of the eye.
Identify defects of vision.
Explain correction of vision defects.
Discussion with probing questions,
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Detailed discussion with probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Chart- focusing far and near points.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 100-1
KLB BK IV. PP 101-4
11 3
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The human ear.
Hearing.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human ear.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Drawn diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 104-5
11 4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Body balance and posture.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how the ear maintains body balance and posture.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
KLB BK IV. PP 107-8
11 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Defects of the ear.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some defects of the ear.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 108
12-14

End term exam and closing

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