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SCHEME OF WORK
Biology
Form 4 2025
TERM II
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
2 1
GENETICS
Sex determination in man.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe sex determination in man.
Exposition;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
KLB BK IV. PP 23-24
2 2
GENETICS
Sex-linked genes and traits.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 24-27
2 3-4
GENETICS
Sex-linked genes and traits.
Non-disjunction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify sex-linked traits in man.
Illustrate inheritance of sex-linked traits with diagrams.

Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams;
Discussion.

Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 24-27
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
2 5
GENETICS
Non-disjunction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain effects of non-disjunction as a chromosomal abnormality.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 30-33
3 1
GENETICS
Gene mutation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35
3 2
GENETICS
Gene mutation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35
3 3-4
GENETICS
Gene mutation.
Disorders due to gene mutations.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between chromosomal and gene mutation.
Identify types of gene mutation.
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.
Q/A to review types of chromosomal mutation;
Using sequence models to show chromosomal mutations.
Discussion.

Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Models to show Chromosomal mutations.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 33-35
KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
3 5
GENETICS
Disorders due to gene mutations.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Illustrate genetic disorders with diagrams.
Discussion on albinism, sickle-cell anaemia, haemophilia, colour blindness.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
chart
KLB BK IV. PP 35-38
4 1
GENETICS
Applications of genetics.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify areas of practical application of genetics.
Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.
text book,video
KLB BK IV. PP 39-45
4 2
GENETICS
Applications of genetics.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify areas of practical application of genetics.
Probing questions;
Open discussion;
Topic review.
text book,video
KLB BK IV. PP 39-45
4 3-4
EVOLUTION
Meaning of evolution. Theories of origin of life.
Evidence for organic evolution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define evolution.
Explain the theories of life.
Cite evidence for organic evolution.


Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Q/A on creation theory;
Exposition of chemical theory.

Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 49-51
KLB BK IV. PP 51-59
4 5
EVOLUTION
Evidence for organic evolution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite evidence for organic evolution.
Brain storming;
Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 51-59
5 1
EVOLUTION
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
Forelimbs of vertebrates.
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63
5 2
EVOLUTION
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
Forelimbs of vertebrates.
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63
5 3-4
EVOLUTION
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures.
Comparative anatomy and homologous structures. (contd)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define divergent evolution.
Give examples of homologous structures.
Examine forelimbs of vertebrates;
Discuss adaptations and use of the limbs.
Forelimbs of vertebrates.
KLB BK IV. PP 59-63
5 5
EVOLUTION
Convergent evolution and analogous structures.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.
Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.
Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.
KLB BK IV. PP 63-64
6 1
EVOLUTION
Convergent evolution and analogous structures.(contd)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.
Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.
Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.
KLB BK IV. PP 63-64
6 2
EVOLUTION
Convergent evolution and analogous structures.(contd)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define convergent evolution.
Give examples of analogous structures.
Give examples of vestigial structures.
Examine wings of insects; wings of birds / bat.
Discuss observations.
Wings of insects, wings of birds / bat.
KLB BK IV. PP 63-64
6 3-4
EVOLUTION
Larmack?s theory of evolution.
Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain Larmack?s theory of evolution.
Explain Darwin?s theory of natural selection.
Cite examples of natural selection in action.
Expositions and explanations.

Expositions and explanations;
Probing questions;
Topic review.
text book
KLB BK IV. P 67
KLB BK IV. PP 67-72
6 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Meaning of stimulus, response and irritability. Tactic responses.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




Define of stimulus, response and irritability.
Explain the need for sensitivity and response.
Identify types of tactics responses.




Brain storming;
Exposition;
Group experiments-chemotaxis in termites;
Discussion.




Brad crumbs, termites, dry sand, moth balls.




KLB BK IV. PP 73-74
7 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Tropism and types of tropism.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.
Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.
KLB BK IV. PP 74-78
7 2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Tropism and types of tropism.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.
Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.
KLB BK IV. PP 74-78
7 3-4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Tropism and types of tropism.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of tropism.
State differences between tropisms and taxes.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity;
Probing questions and discussion.
Seedlings, klinostat, corked beaker.
KLB BK IV. PP 74-78
7 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Nastic responses.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of nastic responses
Q/A and discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 78-80
8 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Role of auxins in tropisms.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 80-83
8 2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Role of auxins in tropisms.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of auxins in tropisms.
Examine previous plant set ?ups on response to light, gravity; contact;
Probing questions and discussion.
text book
KLB BK IV. PP 80-83
8 3-4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Response and Co-ordination in animals. The nervous system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:




State components of the nervous system.
Describe the structure of nerve cells.




Descriptive and expository approaches.




Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 84-85
8 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Types of neurons. The brain.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of neurons.

Describe structure of the human brain.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 85-88
9

Mid break

10 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Reflex actions.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Illustrate a simple reflex arc.
Probing questions on differences between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 88-90
10 2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Reflex actions.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Differentiate between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Illustrate a simple reflex arc.
Probing questions on differences between simple and conditioned reflex actions.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 88-90
10 3-4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Transmission of a nerve impulse.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the transmission of a nerve impulse.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 90-93
10 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The endocrine system.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify components of endocrine system.
Compare endocrine system. With nervous system.
Discussion; tabulate the differences.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-6
11 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The mammalian eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human eye.
Explain image formation and interpretation in the eye.
Brain storming;
Discussion with probing questions.
Chart- the human eye.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-100
11 2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The mammalian eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human eye.
Explain image formation and interpretation in the eye.
Brain storming;
Discussion with probing questions.
Chart- the human eye.
KLB BK IV. PP 93-100
11 3-4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Accommodation of the eye.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of ciliary muscles in accommodation of the eye.
Discussion with probing questions,
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Chart- focusing far and near points.
KLB BK IV. PP 100-1
11 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Defects of vision and their correction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify defects of vision.
Explain correction of vision defects.
Detailed discussion with probing questions;
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 101-4
12 1
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The human ear.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human ear.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Drawn diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 104-5
12 2
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
The human ear.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major parts of the human ear.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Drawn diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. PP 104-5
12 3-4
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Hearing.
Body balance and posture.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain how the ear perceives sound.
Explain how the ear maintains body balance and posture.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB BK IV. P 106
KLB BK IV. PP 107-8
12 5
RECEPTION, RESPONSE & CO-ORDINATION
Defects of the ear.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify some defects of the ear.
Descriptive and expository approaches.
text book
KLB BK IV.
P 108
13-14

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