NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Haber process.
Uses of ammonia.
Nitric acid. Lab preparation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify raw materials for Haber process and how they are obtained in large scale.
Discuss the Haber process.
Represent Haber process in a schematic diagram.

To describe lab preparation of nitric acid.

Discussion and explanations.
Teacher demonstration.
Write equations of reaction.
Discussion.

Chart- schematic diagram.
charts
Retort stand
Conc. H2SO4
KNO3

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 159-160
225-226
K.L.B. BK III
P. 163

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitric acid Industrial manufacture.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe industrial manufacture of nitric acid.

Discussion and writing equations.

Chart
Schematic diagram.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 164

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of dilute Nitric acid with metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of dilute nitric acid with metals.
To write equations of reactions of dilute nitric acid with metals.

Class experiment:- making observations and recording them in a table.
Discuss the observations.
Write down equations for the reactions.

Magnesium
Zinc
Copper

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 165-166

Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitric acid and carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe action of nitric acid on carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.

Group experiments: - Action of Nitric acid on hydrogen carbonates.

Solutions of
Na2CO3
NaHCO3
ZnCO3
CuCO3

K.L.B. BK III
P. 167

Longhorn
Book III
229-30

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.
Dilute nitric acid and metal hydroxides and oxides.
Reaction of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Write equations for reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.
Describe reactions of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

Discussion and corresponding equations.
Class experiments: -
Explain observations made.

Metal hydroxides.
Nitric acid acidified iron sulphate, sulphur, and copper metal.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 167

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 169-170

Longhorn Book III
PP 239 -240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reactions of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

Class experiments: -
Explain observations made.

Nitric acid acidified iron sulphate, sulphur, and copper metal.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 169-170

Longhorn Book III
PP 239 -240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of nitric acid & nitrates.
Action of heat on nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of nitrates.
To describe preparation of nitrates.

Discussion
Equations for the reactions for preparation of nitrates.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 171

Longhorn Book III
PP 240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Test for nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out tests on nitrates.

Class experiments.
Make observations and deductions.
Discuss the brown ring test for nitrates.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP 173-174

Longhorn
Book III
PP 243

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.
GAS LAWS

Nitrogen compounds and the environment.
Boyle?s law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the pollution of nitrogen compounds in the environment.
To state ways of reducing environmental pollution by nitrogen compounds.



State Boyle?s law.
Explain Boyle?s law using kinetic theory of matter.

Brief guided discussion.
Teacher demonstration ? Use syringes / pumps to show variation of volume with pressure.
Teacher asks probing questions leading to statement of the law.
Discuss the cause of build-up-in pressure.

charts
Chart
Volume-pressure relationship.

Syringes.

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 173-174

Longhorn
Book III
PP 244-6

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 1-2

Longhorn Book III
PP 1 -2

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: - Equation and graphical representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Represent Boyle?s law mathematically and graphically.

Q/A: relation between volume and pressure mathematically and graphically.
Derive the relation P1V1=P2V2, and sketch graphs to illustrate Boyle?s law.
Worked examples.
Assignment.

chart

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 3-4

Longhorn Book III
PP 3-5

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: Numerical questions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve further problems involving Boyle?s law.

Supervised exercise: Volume in cm?, m?, litres, and pressure in Pa, mmHg, cmHg, atmospheres.
Assignment.

Calculators.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 4-5
Longhorn Book III PP 6-8

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: Interpretation of graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Plot and intepret graphs involving pressure and volume of gases.

Completing tables and plotting graphs.
Interpret the plotted graphs.
Make deductions from the graphs.

Graph papers.

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 4-5

GAS LAWS

Charles? law.
Temperature in Degree Celsius and Kelvin. Equation and graphs from Charles? law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State Charles? law.
Explain Charles? law using kinetic theory of matter.
Convert temperature in degree Celsius to Kelvin and vice-versa.

Teacher demonstration:- To show expansion of air when heated and contraction when pressure is constant.
Explain increase in volume when temperature is raised.
Q/A: - relation between volume and temperature, leading to Charles? law.
Teacher explains inter-conversion of the units.
Students complete a table of temperature in the two units.

Coloured water,
Glass tube,
Warm water,
Cork and
Flask.
student book

.K.L.B.
BK III P. 6

Longhorn Book III PP 9-11

K.L.B.
BK III P. 10

Longhorn Book III P 11

GAS LAWS

Charles? law- equation and graphical representation.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Express Charles? law with equations.

Give a graphical representation of Charles? law.

Derive equations from volume and temperature relationship.

Exposition: - Teacher exposes a volume-temperature graph and extrapolates it to obtain the absolute temperature. The definition of absolute temperature is exposed.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 6-7

Longhorn Book III P 10

GAS LAWS

Numerical questions on Charles? Law.
Combined Gas Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve numerical problems based on Charles? Law.

Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

Assignment.

Calculators.

K.L.B.
BK III P. 12

Longhorn Book III PP 12-14

GAS LAWS

Standard conditions, S.T.P. conditions and R.T.P. conditions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State standard conditions of temperature and pressure of an ideal gas.
State room temperature and pressure of a gas.
Use standard conditions in problem solving.

Exposition of s.t.p. and r.t.p.


Problem solving.

student book

K.L.B.
BK III P. 14

GAS LAWS

Diffusion.
Rates of diffusion.
Graham?s Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define diffusion.
Describe experiments to show diffusion.

Carry out numerical tasks.

Group experiments.
Diffusion of KMnO4 crystals, concentrated ammonia solution.
Solve problems involving RMM, equal volumes of the gases involved.
Supervised practice.
Assignment.

KMnO4 crystals,
Litmus papers.
student book
Calculators

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 14-15

Longhorn Book III P 19

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 24-26

Longhorn Book III PP 22-24

THE MOLE

Mole, molar mass and R.A.M.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term mole as a quantity of measurement.
Relate the mole to R.A.M and molar mass.

Discuss various analogies that lead to the definition of the mole.
Expose the meaning of R.A.M., Avogadro?s constant and molar mass.

Chart- table of molar masses of elements.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 27-31
Longhorn
Book III
PP 34-35

THE MOLE

Number of moles in a substance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate number of moles in a given mass of a substance.

Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

student book

K.L.B .BK III
P. 34
Longhorn
BK III
PP 39-40

THE MOLE

Relative molecular mass & Relative formula mass.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define relative molecular mass.
Calculate RMM of a compound.

Q/A: - Review formulae of compounds.
Complete a table of compounds and their molecular / formula mass.

Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 34-35

Longhorn Book III PP 44-60

THE MOLE

Moles and Avogadro?s number.
Empirical Formula.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate number of particles in a given number of moles.
Determine empirical formula of a compound given percentage composition by mass.

Review standard form of numbers.
Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.


Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

Assignment.

Calculators.
student book

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 3132
Longhorn
Book III
PP 30-31

K.L.B.
BK III P. 43

Longhorn Book III PP 66-71

THE MOLE

Molecular formula.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define molecular formula of a compound.
Find molecular formula given percentage composition of a compound by mass.

Worked examples.

Supervised practice.

Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 45

Longhorn
Book III
PP 73-75

THE MOLE

Concentration of a solution.
Molarity of a solution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define concentration of a solution.
Find concentration of a solution in grams/litre and moles/litre.

Q/A: - Equivalent ratios, e.g. 4g dissolved in 500cm? and
8g in 1 litre.
Worked examples on concentration of solutions.

chart
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 46-48

Longhorn Book III PP 76-81

THE MOLE

Preparation of molar solutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define molar solutions.
Prepare molar solutions.

Q/A: - Description of preparation of molar solutions.

Volumetric flasks, teat droppers/wash bottle.
Sodium hydrogen pellets.
Weighing balance.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 50-51

Longhorn
Book III
PP 78-81

THE MOLE

Calculators on molar solutions.
Dilution of solutions.
Stoichiometry of a chemical reaction.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve numerical calculations on molar solutions.
Problems on molar solutions.

Calculate molarity of a solution after dilution.

Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.
Assignment.
Group experiments.
Calculations.

student book
student book
CuSO4 solution and iron metal.

K.L.B. BK III
P 51
Longhorn Book III PP 76-81

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 76-81

THE MOLE

Stoichiometric equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define a stoichiometric equation.

To write stoichiometric equations of the above reactions.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
Longhorn Book III PP 14-16
PP. 88-93

THE MOLE

Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and determine Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.

Class experiments.

Problem solving.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 62

Volumetric Analysis.

Apparatus used in titration experiments.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To use and read a pipette and a burette.

Discussion and practical use of the apparatus.
Emphasis is laid on need to sterilize the apparatus after use.

Pipettes
Burettes.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 63-64
Longhorn
Book III
PP 104-8

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration process.
Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define titration as a process.
Define a titration end-point.
To carry out a titration experiment and obtain accurate results.

Review by Q/A: -
-Indicators and colour changes.
-Choice of indicators.
-Balanced chemical equations.
Discuss characteristics of a good titre, when an an-end point is attained.

Class experiments: - To neutralize HCl with NaOH solution.
Fill in a table of results.
Find the average base used.

Indicators
Suitable acid and base.
student book

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 64-67

Longhorn
Book III
PP 108-114

K.L.B. BK III
P. 66

Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out calculations from experimental results.

Step-by-step calculations.

Calculators.

K.L.B. BK III
P 66
Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Basicity of an acid.
Standardization of HCl.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define basicity of an acid.

Complete a table of number of replaceable hydrogen ions of an acid; hence define basicity of an acid.
Write corresponding ionic equations.

student book
Dilute HCl, Na2CO3 solutions.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 73

Volumetric Analysis.

Concentration of HCl.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To calculate concentration of HCl from experimental results.

Calculations & supervised practice.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Volumetric Analysis.

Redox Titration Reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To standardize a solution with an iron (II) salt.

Experiment and calculations.

Potassium Magnate
(VII)

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Longhorn
Book III
PP 114-115

Volumetric Analysis.

Redox Titration Reactions.
Water of crystallization.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To standardize a solution with an iron (II) salt.
To determine amount of water of crystallization in ammonium iron sulphate crystals.

Experiment and calculations.
Teacher exposes the formula of water of crystallization.
Class experiment.
Filling in a table of results.

Potassium Magnate
(VII)
Ammonium
Iron (II)
Sulphate crystals.
Dilute sulphuric (VI) acid.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 74-75

Longhorn
Book III
PP 114-115

K.L.B. BK III
P. 76

Volumetric Analysis.

Formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To find formula mass of ammonium iron (II) sulphate.

Calculations from experimental results.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 76 -77

Volumetric Analysis.

Formula mass of a given salt.
Atomicity of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To solve numerical problems involving water of crystallization.

Problem solving from sample results.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P.77

Volumetric Analysis.

Mass and volume of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine mass and volume of gases.

Teacher demonstration: - Determining mass of known volumes of oxygen / CO2.

Lubricated syringes
Oxygen/
CO2.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 81
Longhorn BK III
PP 126-127

Volumetric Analysis.

Molar gas volume.
Combining volumes of gases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To define molar gas volume.
To compare combining volumes of two reacting gases.

Use the above results to describe volume of one mole of a gas.
Discuss molar gas volume at R.T.P and S.T.P conditions.

Teacher demonstration: - Determining volumes of reacting gases; hence deduce volume rations.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
79 ? 80
Longhorn
Book III
PP 126-127

K.L.B BK III
P. 82

Volumetric Analysis.

Gay Lussac?s Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state Gay Lussac?s Law.
To compare Gay Lussac?s Law with Avogadro?s Law.
To solve numericals using Gay Lussac?s Law.

Teacher exposes the law; and compares it with Gay Lussac?s Law.
Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 85

Longhorn
Book III
PP 129-131