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SCHEME OF WORK
Geography
Form 2 2025
TERM II
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
2 1
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Earth movements.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Differentiate between internal and external land forming processes.
Differentiate between crustal compressional and tensional forces.
Explain effects of horizontal earth movements.
Probing questions.
Brief discussion on compression, tension, upwarping, downwarping, and shearing of crustal rocks.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK II.

PAGES
1-2
2 2
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Causes of earth movements.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe causes of earth movements.
Exposition of new concepts.
Discussion & drawing of illustrative diagrams.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
2-3
2 3
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Results of earth movements.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify landforms resulting from earth movements.
Discussion & drawing of illustrative diagrams.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
2-3
2 4
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Theory of Continental Drift.
The Plates Tectonic Theory.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the theory of Continental Drift.
Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion of evidence to support the theory.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
3-4
2 5
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Folding.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define folding.
Explain the causes of folding.
Identify parts of a fold.
Q/A: review vertical earth movements.
Discussion & drawing illustrative diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
7-8
3

Opener exams

4 1
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Types of folds.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify types of folds.
Describe various folding processes.
Exposition of types of folds and resulting landforms.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
9-11
4 2
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Types of folds.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify types of folds.
Describe various folding processes.
Exposition of types of folds and resulting landforms.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
9-11
4 3
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Features resulting from folding.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe landforms resulting from folding.
Discussion & drawing labelled diagrams of landforms.
Illustrative diagrams.
Map: World distribution of fold mountains.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK
4 4
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Significance of folding.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Outline effects of folding.
Q/A & discussion on effects of folding.
Assignment.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
12-13
4 5
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Faulting.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define faulting.
Identify parts associated with a fault.
Q/A: review horizontal and vertical earth movements.
Discussion on parts associated with a fault.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
13-14
5 1
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Types of faults.
Features resulting from faulting.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify types of faults.
Probing questions and detailed discussion.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
14-19
5 2
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
The Great Rift Valley.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Trace the Great Rift Valley on a map.
Describe parts of the Great Rift Valley.
Case study.
The Afro-Arabian rift system.
Map: The Afro-Arabian rift system.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 21
5 3
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
The Great Rift Valley.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Trace the Great Rift Valley on a map.
Describe parts of the Great Rift Valley.
Case study.
The Afro-Arabian rift system.
Map: The Afro-Arabian rift system.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 21
5 4
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
The Gregory Rift Valley.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Trace the Gregory Rift Valley on a map.
Describe the parts of the Gregory Rift Valley.
Case study.
The Gregory rift system.
Map / chart: Kenyan?s rift system and the associated highlands.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 21-22
5 5
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Significance of faulting.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain ways in which faulting is significant.
Explain effects of faulting on the physical environment.
Probing questions.
Detailed discussion.
Assignment.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 22-24
6 1
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Vulcanicity and Earthquakes. Definitions associated with vulcanicity and volcanicity.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Differentiate between vulcanicity and volcanicity.
Differentiate between intrusive and extrusive features.
Exposition of new concepts & brief discussion.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 24-25
6 2
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Intrusive features.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify various intrusive features.
Explain formation of various intrusive features.
Illustrate intrusive features with labelled diagrams.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 32-34
6 3
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Intrusive features.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify various intrusive features.
Explain formation of various intrusive features.
Illustrate intrusive features with labelled diagrams.
Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 32-34
6 4
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Extrusive features.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify various extrusive volcanic features.
Illustrate extrusive volcanic features with labelled diagrams.
Give examples of extrusive features in Africa. Discussion.
Assignment.
Pictures in various textbooks.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 25-27
6 5
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Types of volcanoes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State the three types of volcanoes.
Q/A & discussion on types of volcanoes.
Assignment: table showing types and examples of volcanoes in the World.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 25-30
7 1
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Distribution of volcanoes and volcanic features.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify volcanic regions in Kenya and in Africa.
Drawing map of Kenya & Africa and showing the distribution of volcanoes and volcanic features.
Maps: Volcanic regions in Kenya, Africa and in the World.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 30-35
7 2
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Distribution of volcanoes and volcanic features.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify volcanic regions in Kenya and in Africa.
Drawing map of Kenya & Africa and showing the distribution of volcanoes and volcanic features.
Maps: Volcanic regions in Kenya, Africa and in the World.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 30-35
7 3
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Positive influences of vulcanicity.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain ways in which vulcanicity is beneficial to man.
Q/A and detailed discussion.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
35-36
7 4
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Negative influences of vulcanicity.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight negative influences of vulcanicity.
Q/A, detailed discussion and assignment.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 36
7 5
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Earthquakes. Definitions associated with earthquakes.
Causes of earthquakes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Give definitions associated with earthquakes.
Q/A definition of earthquake, shockwaves.
Exposition of new terms:
Seismology, epicentre, focus, tsunamis, tremors.
Drawing relevant diagrams.
Illustrative diagrams.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 37
8 1
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Types of earthquakes and waves. Measurement of earthquakes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe primary and secondary seismic waves.
Identify scales used to determine the intensity and magnitude of an earthquake.
Brief discussion: primary and secondary waves.
Exposition of basic terms:
Mercalli scale and Richter scale.
Open discussion.
Newspaper extracts on intensity and magnitude of earthquakes.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 38-39
8 2
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Types of earthquakes and waves. Measurement of earthquakes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe primary and secondary seismic waves.
Identify scales used to determine the intensity and magnitude of an earthquake.
Brief discussion: primary and secondary waves.
Exposition of basic terms:
Mercalli scale and Richter scale.
Open discussion.
Newspaper extracts on intensity and magnitude of earthquakes.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 38-39
8 3
INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
Effects of earthquakes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Outline effects of earthquakes & tremors.
Q/A and brief discussion.
Newspaper cuttings outlining effects of earthquakes.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
40-41
8 4
MAP WORK
Direction and Bearing. Methods of showing direction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Distinguish between direction and bearing.

Outline some traditional and modern methods of showing direction.



Q/A and brief discussion.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
42-43
8 5
MAP WORK
Direction and Bearing. Methods of showing direction.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Distinguish between direction and bearing.

Outline some traditional and modern methods of showing direction.



Q/A and brief discussion.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
42-43
9 1
MAP WORK
Compass Bearing.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define bearing of a point.
Determine the compass bearings of given points on a map.
Diagram of 16 points of the compass.
Oral exercise.
Pair of compasses & protractors.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
43-44
9 2
MAP WORK
True Bearing.
Calculation of grid bearing.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Find the true bearing of a point from another point.
Brain storming;
Class exercise.
Pair of compasses protractors.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
44-45
9 3
MAP WORK
Determination of magnetic bearing.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine magnetic bearing given the grid bearing.
Q/A: conversion of minutes and seconds to degrees.
Exposition: calculating magnetic variation.
Worked examples.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
44-45
9 4
MAP WORK
Locating places using latitudes and longitudes.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Locate position of places using latitude and longitudes.
Exercise: locating position of places using latitude and longitudes.
Topographical maps.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
46-47
9 5
MAP WORK
Locating places using four- figure grid references.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Give the four-figure grid reference of points on map.
Q/A identifying easting and nor things.
Guided exercise
Chart: grid reference system.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
48-49
10

Examination 2

11 1
MAP WORK
Locating places using six-figure grid references.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Give the six-figure grid reference of points on map.
Q/A: identifying eastings and northings.
Guided exercise.
Assignment.
Chart: grid reference system.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK P 49
11 2
MAP WORK
Representing relief using spot heights and trigonometric stations.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define the term land relief.
Identify spot heights & trigonometric stations on a map.
Q/A: review six-figure reference.
Definition of land relief.
Brief discussion.
Atlases or topographical maps.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
49-51
11 3
MAP WORK
Contours and forms lines.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define contours and forms lines.
Identify Contours and forms lines
Exposition: new terms.
Q/A: Contour interval, vertical height.
Exercise: estimating height-using contours.
Topographical maps.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
50-51
11 4
MAP WORK
Methods of representing relief.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain use of pictorials, hachures, hill shading and layer tinting to represent relief.
State advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Exposition, Q/A and brief discussions.
Assignment.
Textbooks pictures.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
53
11 5
PHOTOGRAPH WORK.
Ground photographs. Aerial photographs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Distinguish between ground close-ups and ground oblique photographs.
Distinguish between general oblique and vertical aerial photographs.


Exposition of new concepts & brief discussion.



Illustrative diagrams.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
55-57
12 1
PHOTOGRAPH WORK.
Parts of a photograph.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify horizontal and vertical divisions of a photograph.
Divide a photograph into nine parts then mark them accordingly.
Q/A : Identifying features in each division.
Photographs.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
57-58
12 2
PHOTOGRAPH WORK.
Uses of photographs & Limitations of photographs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State uses of photographs.
Highlight limitations in the use of photographs.
Q/A and discussion.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 59
12 3
PHOTOGRAPH WORK.
Interpretation of photographs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain what interpretation of photographs entails.
Class exercise: estimating the time and season when the photograph was taken, direction and sizes of features.
Photographs.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 59
12 4
PHOTOGRAPH WORK.
Human activities on photographs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify various human activities on a photograph.
Oral questions on types of farming and supportive evidence.
Written exercise.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 61
12 5
PHOTOGRAPH WORK.
Industrial activities, mining activities & forms of transport.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify industrial and mining activities & forms of transport in a photograph.
Oral questions on presence of industrial and mining activities & modes of transport and communication.
Photographs.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 61
13 1
PHOTOGRAPH WORK.
STATISTICAL METHODS.
Sketching diagrams from photographs.
Comparative line graphs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Sketch diagrams from parts of photographs.
Teacher highlights the steps to be followed.
Supervised exercise &
written exercise.
Photographs.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 61
13 2
STATISTICAL METHODS.
Comparative bar graphs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Construct comparative bar graphs.
State advantages and disadvantages of comparative bar graphs.
Q/A: review methods of presenting statistical data.
Activity: construct a comparative bar graph.
Assignment.
Chart ?
Comparative bar graphs.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
65-67
13 3
STATISTICAL METHODS.
Divided bars & Divided rectangles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Present statistical data using divided bars and rectangles.
State advantages and disadvantages of divided rectangles.
Exposition.
Supervised practice.
Oral questions.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
67-69
13 4
STATISTICAL METHODS.
Divided bars & Divided rectangles.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Present statistical data using divided bars and rectangles.
State advantages and disadvantages of divided rectangles.
Exposition.
Supervised practice.
Oral questions.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
67-69
13 5
STATISTICAL METHODS.
Analysis of statistical tables.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Analyse data in statistical tables.
Table analysis.
Assignment.
KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
67-69
14

End of term 2 exam

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