INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Theory of Continental Drift.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the theory of Continental Drift.

Exposition of new concepts;
Discussion of evidence to support the theory.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
3-4

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

The Plates Tectonic Theory.
Folding.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the Plates Tectonic Theory.

Exposition of the theory & discussion on evidence of the theory.
Drawing diagrams showing meeting of tectonic plates.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
5-6

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Types of folds.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify types of folds.
Describe various folding processes.

Exposition of types of folds and resulting landforms.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
9-11

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Features resulting from folding.
Significance of folding.
Faulting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe landforms resulting from folding.

Discussion & drawing labelled diagrams of landforms.

Illustrative diagrams.
Map: World distribution of fold mountains.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Types of faults.
Features resulting from faulting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify types of faults.

Probing questions and detailed discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
14-19

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

The Great Rift Valley.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Trace the Great Rift Valley on a map.
Describe parts of the Great Rift Valley.

Case study.
The Afro-Arabian rift system.

Map: The Afro-Arabian rift system.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 21

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

The Gregory Rift Valley.
Significance of faulting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Trace the Gregory Rift Valley on a map.
Describe the parts of the Gregory Rift Valley.

Case study.
The Gregory rift system.

Map / chart: Kenyan?s rift system and the associated highlands.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 21-22

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Vulcanicity and Earthquakes. Definitions associated with vulcanicity and volcanicity.
Intrusive features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Differentiate between vulcanicity and volcanicity.
Differentiate between intrusive and extrusive features.

Exposition of new concepts & brief discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 24-25

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Extrusive features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify various extrusive volcanic features.
Illustrate extrusive volcanic features with labelled diagrams.

Give examples of extrusive features in Africa. Discussion.
Assignment.

Pictures in various textbooks.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 25-27

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Types of volcanoes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State the three types of volcanoes.

Q/A & discussion on types of volcanoes.
Assignment: table showing types and examples of volcanoes in the World.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 25-30

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Distribution of volcanoes and volcanic features.
Positive influences of vulcanicity.
Negative influences of vulcanicity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify volcanic regions in Kenya and in Africa.

Drawing map of Kenya & Africa and showing the distribution of volcanoes and volcanic features.

Maps: Volcanic regions in Kenya, Africa and in the World.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 30-35

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Earthquakes. Definitions associated with earthquakes.
Causes of earthquakes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Give definitions associated with earthquakes.

Q/A definition of earthquake, shockwaves.
Exposition of new terms:
Seismology, epicentre, focus, tsunamis, tremors.
Drawing relevant diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 37

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Types of earthquakes and waves. Measurement of earthquakes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe primary and secondary seismic waves.
Identify scales used to determine the intensity and magnitude of an earthquake.

Brief discussion: primary and secondary waves.
Exposition of basic terms:
Mercalli scale and Richter scale.
Open discussion.

Newspaper extracts on intensity and magnitude of earthquakes.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 38-39

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES
MAP WORK
MAP WORK

Effects of earthquakes.
Compass Bearing.
True Bearing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Outline effects of earthquakes & tremors.

Q/A and brief discussion.

Newspaper cuttings outlining effects of earthquakes.
Pair of compasses & protractors.
Pair of compasses protractors.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
40-41

MAP WORK

Calculation of grid bearing.
Determination of magnetic bearing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Find the grid bearing of a point from another point.

Exposition.
Class exercise.

Pair of compasses protractors.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
44-45

MAP WORK

Locating places using latitudes and longitudes.
Locating places using four- figure grid references.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Locate position of places using latitude and longitudes.

Exercise: locating position of places using latitude and longitudes.

Topographical maps.
Chart: grid reference system.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
46-47

MAP WORK

Locating places using six-figure grid references.
Representing relief using spot heights and trigonometric stations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Give the six-figure grid reference of points on map.

Q/A: identifying eastings and northings.
Guided exercise.
Assignment.

Chart: grid reference system.
Atlases or topographical maps.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK P 49

MAP WORK

Contours and forms lines.
Methods of representing relief.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define contours and forms lines.
Identify Contours and forms lines

Exposition: new terms.
Q/A: Contour interval, vertical height.
Exercise: estimating height-using contours.

Topographical maps.
Textbooks pictures.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
50-51

PHOTOGRAPH WORK.

Ground photographs. Aerial photographs.
Parts of a photograph.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Distinguish between ground close-ups and ground oblique photographs.
Distinguish between general oblique and vertical aerial photographs.

Exposition of new concepts & brief discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.
Photographs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
55-57

PHOTOGRAPH WORK.

Uses of photographs & Limitations of photographs.
Interpretation of photographs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State uses of photographs.
Highlight limitations in the use of photographs.

Q/A and discussion.

Photographs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 59

PHOTOGRAPH WORK.

Human activities on photographs.
Industrial activities, mining activities & forms of transport.
Sketching diagrams from photographs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify various human activities on a photograph.

Oral questions on types of farming and supportive evidence.
Written exercise.

Photographs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 61

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Comparative line graphs.
Comparative bar graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Construct comparative line graphs.
State advantages and disadvantages of comparative line graphs.

Q/A: review methods of presenting statistical data.
Activity: construct a comparative line graph.
Assignment.

Chart ?
Comparative bar graphs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
64-65

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Divided bars & Divided rectangles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Present statistical data using divided bars and rectangles.
State advantages and disadvantages of divided rectangles.

Exposition.
Supervised practice.
Oral questions.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
67-69

STATISTICAL METHODS.
KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.
KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Analysis of statistical tables.
Definition of weather, climate and elements of weather.
Factors influencing climate. - latitude, altitude and continentality.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Analyse data in statistical tables.

Table analysis.
Assignment.

Diagrams and maps.
Combined temperature rainfall diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
67-69

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Factors influencing climate. - aspect and ocean currents.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the influence of aspect and ocean currents on the climate of an area.

Exposition of new aspects & brief discussion.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
70-73

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Factors influencing climate. -wind and air masses & configuration of the coastline.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the influence of wind and air masses & configuration of the coastline on the climate of an area.

Exposition of new concepts, oral questions & discussion.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
73-74

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

ITCZ
Forests & microclimate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define the term ITCZ.
Explain the effect of shifting of the ITCZ on the climate of a zone.

Exposition of new concepts.
Explanations.

Map of Africa: the ITCZ and prevailing winds.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK 74

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Description of climate.
Climate regions of Kenya. Modified equatorial climate.
Tropical climate & tropical Northern climate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe climate using aPagesropriate terminology.

Tables: general terms and the corresponding statistical data.
Exercise: rainfall ?temperature graphs.

Map of Kenya: climatic regions rainfall-temperature graphs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK page 76

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.
CLIMATE (2) WORLD CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Desert climate.
Equatorial climate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe the modified tropical climate.
Identify regions that experience Modified tropical climate.

Detailed discussion & assignment.

Map of Kenya: climatic regions rainfall-temperature graphs.
Maps: world climatic regions.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK P 79

CLIMATE (2) WORLD CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Equatorial monsoon.
Tropical monsoon.
Tropical marine & Tropical continental.
Tropical Desert climate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State characteristics of equatorial monsoon.

Exposition of new concepts, explanations and Q/A.
Assignment: rainfall-temperature graphs

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
79-80