INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Vulcanicity and Earthquakes. Definitions associated with vulcanicity and volcanicity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Differentiate between vulcanicity and volcanicity.
Differentiate between intrusive and extrusive features.

Exposition of new concepts & brief discussion.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 24-25

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Intrusive features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify various intrusive features.
Explain formation of various intrusive features.
Illustrate intrusive features with labelled diagrams.

Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 32-34

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Extrusive features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify various extrusive volcanic features.
Illustrate extrusive volcanic features with labelled diagrams.

Give examples of extrusive features in Africa. Discussion.
Assignment.

Pictures in various textbooks.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 25-27

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Types of volcanoes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State the three types of volcanoes.

Q/A & discussion on types of volcanoes.
Assignment: table showing types and examples of volcanoes in the World.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 25-30

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Distribution of volcanoes and volcanic features.
Positive influences of vulcanicity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify volcanic regions in Kenya and in Africa.

Drawing map of Kenya & Africa and showing the distribution of volcanoes and volcanic features.

Maps: Volcanic regions in Kenya, Africa and in the World.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 30-35

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Negative influences of vulcanicity.
Earthquakes. Definitions associated with earthquakes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight negative influences of vulcanicity.

Q/A, detailed discussion and assignment.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 36

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Causes of earthquakes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe human and natural causes of earthquakes.

Q/A to review tectonic movements, vulcanicity.
Probing questions leading to causes of earthquakes.
Q/A: human activities that may cause tremors.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
37-38

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Types of earthquakes and waves. Measurement of earthquakes.
Effects of earthquakes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe primary and secondary seismic waves.
Identify scales used to determine the intensity and magnitude of an earthquake.

Brief discussion: primary and secondary waves.
Exposition of basic terms:
Mercalli scale and Richter scale.
Open discussion.

Newspaper extracts on intensity and magnitude of earthquakes.
Newspaper cuttings outlining effects of earthquakes.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 38-39

MAP WORK

Compass Bearing.
True Bearing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define bearing of a point.
Determine the compass bearings of given points on a map.

Diagram of 16 points of the compass.
Oral exercise.

Pair of compasses & protractors.
Pair of compasses protractors.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
43-44

MAP WORK

Calculation of grid bearing.
Determination of magnetic bearing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Find the grid bearing of a point from another point.

Exposition.
Class exercise.

Pair of compasses protractors.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
44-45

MAP WORK

Locating places using latitudes and longitudes.
Locating places using four- figure grid references.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Locate position of places using latitude and longitudes.

Exercise: locating position of places using latitude and longitudes.

Topographical maps.
Chart: grid reference system.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
46-47

MAP WORK

Locating places using six-figure grid references.
Representing relief using spot heights and trigonometric stations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Give the six-figure grid reference of points on map.

Q/A: identifying eastings and northings.
Guided exercise.
Assignment.

Chart: grid reference system.
Atlases or topographical maps.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK P 49

MAP WORK

Contours and forms lines.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define contours and forms lines.
Identify Contours and forms lines

Exposition: new terms.
Q/A: Contour interval, vertical height.
Exercise: estimating height-using contours.

Topographical maps.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
50-51

MAP WORK
PHOTOGRAPH WORK.

Methods of representing relief.
Ground photographs. Aerial photographs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain use of pictorials, hachures, hill shading and layer tinting to represent relief.
State advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Exposition, Q/A and brief discussions.
Assignment.

Textbooks pictures.
Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
53

PHOTOGRAPH WORK.

Parts of a photograph.
Uses of photographs & Limitations of photographs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify horizontal and vertical divisions of a photograph.

Divide a photograph into nine parts then mark them accordingly.
Q/A : Identifying features in each division.

Photographs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
57-58

PHOTOGRAPH WORK.

Interpretation of photographs.
Human activities on photographs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain what interpretation of photographs entails.

Class exercise: estimating the time and season when the photograph was taken, direction and sizes of features.

Photographs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 59

PHOTOGRAPH WORK.

Industrial activities, mining activities & forms of transport.
Sketching diagrams from photographs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify industrial and mining activities & forms of transport in a photograph.

Oral questions on presence of industrial and mining activities & modes of transport and communication.

Photographs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 61

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Comparative line graphs.
Comparative bar graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Construct comparative line graphs.
State advantages and disadvantages of comparative line graphs.

Q/A: review methods of presenting statistical data.
Activity: construct a comparative line graph.
Assignment.

Chart ?
Comparative bar graphs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
64-65

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Divided bars & Divided rectangles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Present statistical data using divided bars and rectangles.
State advantages and disadvantages of divided rectangles.

Exposition.
Supervised practice.
Oral questions.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
67-69

STATISTICAL METHODS.
KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Analysis of statistical tables.
Definition of weather, climate and elements of weather.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Analyse data in statistical tables.

Table analysis.
Assignment.

Diagrams and maps.
Combined temperature rainfall diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
67-69

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Factors influencing climate. - latitude, altitude and continentality.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the influence of latitude, altitude and continentality on the climate of an area.

Brain storming.
Exposition, Q/A & discussion.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
70-73

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Factors influencing climate. - aspect and ocean currents.
Factors influencing climate. -wind and air masses & configuration of the coastline.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the influence of aspect and ocean currents on the climate of an area.

Exposition of new aspects & brief discussion.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
70-73

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

ITCZ

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define the term ITCZ.
Explain the effect of shifting of the ITCZ on the climate of a zone.

Exposition of new concepts.
Explanations.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK 74

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Forests & microclimate.
Description of climate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define the term microclimate.
Explain the effects of forests on climate of area.

Q/A & discussion.

Map of Africa: the ITCZ and prevailing winds.

  KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOKPAGES
75-76

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Climate regions of Kenya. Modified equatorial climate.
Tropical climate & tropical Northern climate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify regions that experience Modified equatorial climate.
Describe Modified equatorial climate.

Detailed discussion.

Map of Kenya: climatic regions rainfall-temperature graphs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
77-78

KENYA?S CLIMATIC REGIONS.
CLIMATE (2) WORLD CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Desert climate.
Equatorial climate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe the modified tropical climate.
Identify regions that experience Modified tropical climate.

Detailed discussion & assignment.

Map of Kenya: climatic regions rainfall-temperature graphs.
Maps: world climatic regions.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK P 79

CLIMATE (2) WORLD CLIMATIC REGIONS.

Equatorial monsoon.
Tropical monsoon.
Tropical marine & Tropical continental.
Tropical Desert climate.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State characteristics of equatorial monsoon.

Exposition of new concepts, explanations and Q/A.
Assignment: rainfall-temperature graphs

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
79-80