NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of dilute Nitric acid with metals.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe reaction of dilute nitric acid with metals.
To write equations of reactions of dilute nitric acid with metals.

Class experiment:- making observations and recording them in a table.
Discuss the observations.
Write down equations for the reactions.

Magnesium
Zinc
Copper

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 165-166

Longhorn
Book III
PP 166-8

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Nitric acid and carbonates.
Reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To describe action of nitric acid on carbonates and hydrogen carbonates.
Write equations for reaction of dil. nitric acid with hydrogen carbonates.

Group experiments: - Action of Nitric acid on hydrogen carbonates.
Discussion and corresponding equations.

Solutions of
Na2CO3
NaHCO3
ZnCO3
CuCO3

K.L.B. BK III
P. 167

Longhorn
Book III
229-30

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Dilute nitric acid and metal hydroxides and oxides.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Predict results of reacting dilute nitric acid with metal hydroxides and oxides.

Group experiments & writing equations for the reactions.

Metal hydroxides.

K.L.B. BK III
P. 168

Longhorn
Book III
PP 238-240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Reaction of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe reactions of nitric acid as an oxidizing agent.

Class experiments: -
Explain observations made.

Nitric acid acidified iron sulphate, sulphur, and copper metal.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 169-170

Longhorn Book III
PP 239 -240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Uses of nitric acid & nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To state uses of nitrates.
To describe preparation of nitrates.

Discussion
Equations for the reactions for preparation of nitrates.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P. 171

Longhorn Book III
PP 240

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Action of heat on nitrates.
Test for nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To write equations of decomposition of nitrates on heating.
To carry out tests on nitrates.

Discuss above observations.
Write relevant equations.

Class experiments.
Make observations and deductions.
Discuss the brown ring test for nitrates.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P 172
K.L.B. BK III
PP 173-174

Longhorn
Book III
PP 243

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.

Test for nitrates.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out tests on nitrates.

Class experiments.
Make observations and deductions.
Discuss the brown ring test for nitrates.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
PP 173-174

Longhorn
Book III
PP 243

NITROGEN & ITS COMPOUNDS.
SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Nitrogen compounds and the environment.
Extraction of sulphur.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To explain the pollution of nitrogen compounds in the environment.
To state ways of reducing environmental pollution by nitrogen compounds.

Brief guided discussion.

charts
Chart-the Frasch process.

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 173-174

Longhorn
Book III
PP 244-6

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Allotropes of sulphur.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To identify allotropes of sulphur.
To describe preparation of allotropes of sulphur.

Discussion and exposition of new concepts.

video

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 182-183
Longhorn Book
PP 126-129

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Physical properties of sulphur. Heating of sulphur.
Chemical properties of sulphur.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list physical properties of sulphur.

To describe effects of heat on sulphur.
To investigate and describe chemical properties of sulphur.

Class experiment:
Solubility of sulphur in water, benzene, e.t.c,.
Class experiments:
Heating sulphur gently then strongly.
Discuss the observations.

Group experiments.
Discuss observations.
Write corresponding equations.

charts

K.L.B. BK III
P.184
Longhorn I
Book III
PP 253-255

K.L.B.BK III
PP.188-190
Longhorn
Book III
PP 256-8

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Uses of sulphur. Sulphur dioxide.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State uses of sulphur.
Describe lab. preparation of sulphur dioxide.

Teacher elucidates uses of sulphur.
Teacher demonstration:-
Preparation of sulphur dioxide in a fume chamber/in the open.
Carrying out tests on the gas.

charts

K.L.B.BK III
PP 191- 192
Longhorn Book
P 258

SULPHUR AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Physical properties of sulphur dioxide.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To list down physical properties of sulphur dioxide.

Discuss the above tests.

text book

K.L.B.BK III
PP 193
Longhorn
Book III
PP 262-3

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


State Boyle?s law.
Explain Boyle?s law using kinetic theory of matter.

Teacher demonstration ? Use syringes / pumps to show variation of volume with pressure.
Teacher asks probing questions leading to statement of the law.
Discuss the cause of build-up-in pressure.

Chart
Volume-pressure relationship.

Syringes.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 1-2

Longhorn Book III
PP 1 -2

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: - Equation and graphical representation.
Boyle?s law: Numerical questions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Represent Boyle?s law mathematically and graphically.
Solve further problems involving Boyle?s law.

Q/A: relation between volume and pressure mathematically and graphically.
Derive the relation P1V1=P2V2, and sketch graphs to illustrate Boyle?s law.
Worked examples.
Assignment.

Supervised exercise: Volume in cm?, m?, litres, and pressure in Pa, mmHg, cmHg, atmospheres.
Assignment.

chart
Calculators.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 3-4

Longhorn Book III
PP 3-5
K.L.B. BK III
PP. 4-5
Longhorn Book III PP 6-8

GAS LAWS

Boyle?s law: Interpretation of graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Plot and intepret graphs involving pressure and volume of gases.

Completing tables and plotting graphs.
Interpret the plotted graphs.
Make deductions from the graphs.

Graph papers.

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 4-5

GAS LAWS

Charles? law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State Charles? law.
Explain Charles? law using kinetic theory of matter.

Teacher demonstration:- To show expansion of air when heated and contraction when pressure is constant.
Explain increase in volume when temperature is raised.
Q/A: - relation between volume and temperature, leading to Charles? law.

Coloured water,
Glass tube,
Warm water,
Cork and
Flask.

.K.L.B.
BK III P. 6

Longhorn Book III PP 9-11

GAS LAWS

Temperature in Degree Celsius and Kelvin. Equation and graphs from Charles? law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Convert temperature in degree Celsius to Kelvin and vice-versa.

Teacher explains inter-conversion of the units.
Students complete a table of temperature in the two units.

student book

K.L.B.
BK III P. 10

Longhorn Book III P 11

GAS LAWS

Temperature in Degree Celsius and Kelvin. Equation and graphs from Charles? law.
Charles? law- equation and graphical representation.
Numerical questions on Charles? Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Convert temperature in degree Celsius to Kelvin and vice-versa.
Express Charles? law with equations.

Give a graphical representation of Charles? law.

Teacher explains inter-conversion of the units.
Students complete a table of temperature in the two units.
Derive equations from volume and temperature relationship.

Exposition: - Teacher exposes a volume-temperature graph and extrapolates it to obtain the absolute temperature. The definition of absolute temperature is exposed.

student book
student book
Calculators.

K.L.B.
BK III P. 10

Longhorn Book III P 11


K.L.B. BK III
PP. 6-7

Longhorn Book III P 10

GAS LAWS

Combined Gas Law.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Derive the Gas Law.
Derive the combined gas law equation.
Solve numerical problems using the equation.

Q/A: - Combining Boyle?s and Charles? Laws.
Worked examples.

Calculators.

K.L.B.
BK III P. 12

Longhorn Book III PP 14-16

GAS LAWS

Standard conditions, S.T.P. conditions and R.T.P. conditions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State standard conditions of temperature and pressure of an ideal gas.
State room temperature and pressure of a gas.
Use standard conditions in problem solving.

Exposition of s.t.p. and r.t.p.


Problem solving.

student book

K.L.B.
BK III P. 14

GAS LAWS

Diffusion.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define diffusion.
Describe experiments to show diffusion.

Group experiments.
Diffusion of KMnO4 crystals, concentrated ammonia solution.

KMnO4 crystals,
Litmus papers.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 14-15

Longhorn Book III P 19

GAS LAWS
THE MOLE

Rates of diffusion.
Graham?s Law.
Mole, molar mass and R.A.M.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare rates of diffusion of ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride in air.
Define the term mole as a quantity of measurement.
Relate the mole to R.A.M and molar mass.

Teacher demonstration: - To deduce rate of diffusion of ammonia gas and hydrogen chloride.
Q/A: - Students calculate ratio of rates of diffusion of the gases.
Discuss various analogies that lead to the definition of the mole.
Expose the meaning of R.A.M., Avogadro?s constant and molar mass.

student book
Calculators
Chart- table of molar masses of elements.

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 18-19
Longhorn Book III 21

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 27-31
Longhorn
Book III
PP 34-35

THE MOLE

Number of moles in a substance.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate number of moles in a given mass of a substance.

Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

student book

K.L.B .BK III
P. 34
Longhorn
BK III
PP 39-40

THE MOLE

Relative molecular mass & Relative formula mass.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define relative molecular mass.
Calculate RMM of a compound.

Q/A: - Review formulae of compounds.
Complete a table of compounds and their molecular / formula mass.

Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 34-35

Longhorn Book III PP 44-60

THE MOLE

Moles and Avogadro?s number.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Calculate number of particles in a given number of moles.

Review standard form of numbers.
Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.

Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
PP. 3132
Longhorn
Book III
PP 30-31

THE MOLE

Empirical Formula.
Molecular formula.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Determine empirical formula of a compound given percentage composition by mass.

Define molecular formula of a compound.
Find molecular formula given percentage composition of a compound by mass.

Worked examples.
Supervised practice.

Assignment.
Worked examples.

Supervised practice.

student book
Calculators.

K.L.B.
BK III P. 43

Longhorn Book III PP 66-71

K.L.B.BK III
P. 45

Longhorn
Book III
PP 73-75

THE MOLE

Molecular formula.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define molecular formula of a compound.
Find molecular formula given percentage composition of a compound by mass.

Worked examples.

Supervised practice.

Calculators.

K.L.B.BK III
P. 45

Longhorn
Book III
PP 73-75

THE MOLE

Concentration of a solution.
Molarity of a solution.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define concentration of a solution.
Find concentration of a solution in grams/litre and moles/litre.

Q/A: - Equivalent ratios, e.g. 4g dissolved in 500cm? and
8g in 1 litre.
Worked examples on concentration of solutions.

chart
student book

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 46-48

Longhorn Book III PP 76-81

THE MOLE

Preparation of molar solutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define molar solutions.
Prepare molar solutions.

Q/A: - Description of preparation of molar solutions.

Volumetric flasks, teat droppers/wash bottle.
Sodium hydrogen pellets.
Weighing balance.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 50-51

Longhorn
Book III
PP 78-81

THE MOLE

Calculators on molar solutions.
Dilution of solutions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Solve numerical calculations on molar solutions.
Problems on molar solutions.

Calculate molarity of a solution after dilution.

Worked examples.
Supervised exercise.
Assignment.
Group experiments.
Calculations.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P 51
Longhorn Book III PP 76-81

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 76-81

THE MOLE

Stoichiometry of a chemical reaction.
Stoichiometric equations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To determine mole ratio of given reactions.

Group experiments: - Determine masses, hence moles of reacting CuSO4 solution and iron metal.

CuSO4 solution and iron metal.
student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 56
Longhorn Book III PP 87-92

THE MOLE

Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To investigate and determine Stoichiometric equations of various reactions.

Class experiments.

Problem solving.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 62

Volumetric Analysis.

Apparatus used in titration experiments.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To use and read a pipette and a burette.

Discussion and practical use of the apparatus.
Emphasis is laid on need to sterilize the apparatus after use.

Pipettes
Burettes.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 63-64
Longhorn
Book III
PP 104-8

Volumetric Analysis.

Apparatus used in titration experiments.
Titration process.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To use and read a pipette and a burette.
To define titration as a process.
Define a titration end-point.

Discussion and practical use of the apparatus.
Emphasis is laid on need to sterilize the apparatus after use.

Review by Q/A: -
-Indicators and colour changes.
-Choice of indicators.
-Balanced chemical equations.
Discuss characteristics of a good titre, when an an-end point is attained.

Pipettes
Burettes.
Indicators
Suitable acid and base.

K.L.B. BK III
PP. 63-64
Longhorn
Book III
PP 104-8

K.L.B.
BK III
PP. 64-67

Longhorn
Book III
PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out a titration experiment and obtain accurate results.

Class experiments: - To neutralize HCl with NaOH solution.
Fill in a table of results.
Find the average base used.

student book

K.L.B. BK III
P. 66

Longhorn Book III PP 108-114

Volumetric Analysis.

Titration experiment (Neutralization reaction)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
To carry out calculations from experimental results.

Step-by-step calculations.

Calculators.

K.L.B. BK III
P 66
Longhorn Book III PP 108-114