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SCHEME OF WORK
Geography
Form 4 2025
TERM II
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
2 1
INDUSTRY
Significance of industrialization in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight the significance of industrialization in Kenya.
Oral questions, brief discussion.
Newspaper extracts.
KLB BOOK IV
2 1-2
INDUSTRY
Significance of industrialization in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight the significance of industrialization in Kenya.
Oral questions, brief discussion.
Newspaper extracts.
KLB BOOK IV
2

Cat 1
3 1
INDUSTRY
Problems facing industrialization & industries in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify problems facing industrialization & industries in Kenya.
Suggest possible solutions to the problems.
Q/A & brief discussion.
Newspaper extracts.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 104-5
3 2-3
INDUSTRY
Cottage industry in India. Iron & steel industry in the Ruhr region.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe cottage industry in India.
Explain the success of cottage industry in India.
Explain factors that have led to development of iron & steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany.
Brief discussion.

Give examples of activities in Cottage industry.

Expository approach with specific examples.
Map: industrial centers of India & Germany.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 104-7



Pg 113
3 4
INDUSTRY
Car manufacturing & Electronics industry in Japan.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors that have led to development of car manufacturing & electronics industry in Japan.
Expository approach with specific examples.
Maps: Japan?s major industrial centres.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 116-118
3 5
TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.
Introduction. Road transport.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the terms transport, communication & tele-communication.
State advantages & disadvantages of road transport.
Identify problems facing road transport.
Suggest ways of combating these problems.



Brainstorming, brief discussion;
Maps: major airports in Africa.
KLB BOOK IV Pg 120-121
4 1
TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.
Railway transport.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages & disadvantages of railway transport.
Identify problems facing railway transport in Africa.
Oral questions, brief discussion.
Maps: major airports in Africa.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 121-2
4 2-3
TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.
Railway transport.
Water transport.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages & disadvantages of railway transport.
Identify problems facing railway transport in Africa.



Cite reasons for development of water transport in Africa.
State advantages & disadvantages of water transport.
Identify problems facing water transport in Africa.
Oral questions, brief discussion.
Q/A ,brief discussion.
Maps: major airports in Africa.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 121-2
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 123-4
4 4
TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.
Water transport.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite reasons for development of water transport in Africa.
State advantages & disadvantages of water transport.
Identify problems facing water transport in Africa.
Q/A ,brief discussion.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 123-4
4 5
TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.
Air transport.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite reasons for development of air transport in Africa.
State advantages & disadvantages of air transport.
Identify problems facing air transport in Africa.
Q/A, brief discussion.
Maps: major airports in Africa.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 124 -5
5 1
TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.
Pipelines, lifts & escalators.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages & disadvantages of pipelines, lifts & escalators.
Brief discussion, Q/A.
Maps: major airports in Africa.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 126
5 2-3
TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.
Types of communication systems.
Major lines of transport in Africa.
Role of transport & communication.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of communication systems in Africa.
Explain the role of transport & communication in the economic development of Africa.
Q/A, discussion & exposition of new concepts e.g. Facsimile, internet and
e-mail.

Brainstorming, probing questions & discussion.
Maps: major airports in Africa.
Illustrative maps.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 127-8
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 134-8
5 4
TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.
Problems facing transport and communication in Africa.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major problems facing transport and communication in Africa.
Highlight efforts being made to combat these problems.
Probing questions & discussion.
Illustrative maps.
KLB BOOK IV

136-7
5 5
TRANSPORT & COMMU.NICA- TION.
Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Enumerate benefits of the project.
Identify the role of the projects in the economies of USA and Canada.
Brief case study on of St. Lawrence Seaway project.
Illustrative maps.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 140-1
6 1
TRADE
Types of trade.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify and describe types of trade.
Brainstorming, probing questions and discussion on types of trade.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 143-5
6 2-3
TRADE
Factors influencing trade.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify factors that make trade possible.
Q/A & Discussion.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 146-7
6 4
TRADE
Significance of trade to Kenya. Problems facing trade in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the significance of trade to Kenya.

Identify major problems facing trade in Kenya.
Oral questions, brief discussion.
Balance of trade charts.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 149-152
6 5
TRADE
Regional Trade Blocs.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe establishment of regional trade blocs.
Identify member countries of Regional Trade Blocs.
Highlight benefits of Regional Trade Blocs.
Identify problems facing Regional Trade Blocs.
Descriptive approach on COMESA, SADC, and AU.

Assignment.
Balance of trade charts.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 154-6
7 1
TRADE
Regional Trade Blocs. (contd)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe establishment of regional trade blocs.
Identify member countries of Regional Trade Blocs.
Highlight benefits of Regional Trade Blocs.
Identify problems facing Regional Trade Blocs.
Descriptive approach of discussing WTO, ECOWAS, AGOA
Balance of trade charts.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 146 - 8
7 1-2
TRADE
Regional Trade Blocs. (contd)
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe establishment of regional trade blocs.
Identify member countries of Regional Trade Blocs.
Highlight benefits of Regional Trade Blocs.
Identify problems facing Regional Trade Blocs.
Descriptive approach of discussing WTO, ECOWAS, AGOA
Balance of trade charts.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 146 - 8
7

Cat 2
8 1
POPULATION
Population distribution in East Africa.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define the term demography.
Explain factors influencing population distribution in East Africa.

Brain storming.
& discussion.
Chart: demographic trends.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 162-165
8 2-3
POPULATION
Population growth.
Tools of detecting population growth.
Migration.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors that influence population growth.
Identify tools of detecting population growth.
Exposition and explanation of new terms e.g. fertility, fecundity, mortality, milieu variables, e.t.c

Brief discussion on census and sample surveys.
Chart: demographic trends.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 165-6
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 166-8
8-9

Mid term
9 3
POPULATION
Crude birth rate & crude death rate.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms crude birth rate & crude death rate.
Calculate crude birth rate & crude death rate.
Exposition of new concepts;
Worked examples;
Problem solving.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 172-3
9 4
POPULATION
Population trends.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the population transition theory.
Identify the four demographic transition phases.
Probing questions & expository approach:
Teacher exposes and explains the new concepts relating to demographic trends.
Chart: demographic trends.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 173-4
9 5
POPULATION
Population trends.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the population transition theory.
Identify the four demographic transition phases.
Probing questions & expository approach:
Teacher exposes and explains the new concepts relating to demographic trends.
Chart: demographic trends.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 173-4
10 1
SETTLEMENT
Types of settlements.
Location and patterns of settlements.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the term settlement.
State types of settlements.


Probing questions; discussion.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 186-7
10 2-3
SETTLEMENT
Patterns of settlement.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify various patterns of settlement.
Exposition & explanations on: nucleated, linear, dispersed and other complex settlement patterns.

KLB BOOK IV

Pg 191-2
10 4
SETTLEMENT
Major urban centres in East Africa.
Growth of major urban centers in East Africa.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify categories of urban centres in East Africa; and give examples in each case.
Brief discussion giving specific examples.
Map: major East Africa urban centers.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 193-4
10 5
SETTLEMENT
Thika as an industrial centre. Kisumu as a lake port.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline factors favouring growth of Thika as an industrial centre.
Identify problems facing Thika as an industrial centre.

Outline factors favouring Kisumu as a lake port.
Identify problems facing Kisumu as a modern lake port.
Case studies.
Map: major East Africa urban centers.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 198-9
11 1
SETTLEMENT
Eldoret as an agricultural collecting centre and administrative centre.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline factors favouring
Eldoret as an agricultural collecting centre and administrative centre.

Identify problems facing Eldoret as an agricultural collecting centre and administrative centre.
Q/A;
Case study;
Assignment.
Map: major East Africa urban centers.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 200-1
11 2-3
SETTLEMENT
Nairobi City.
New York City.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Trace the growth of Nairobi to city status.
Outline factors favouring growth of Nairobi.
Identify problems facing Nairobi as a city.

Outline factors influencing growth of New York city.
Identify problems facing New York City.
Probing questions & brief discussion.
Case study.
Map: major East Africa urban centers.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 201-4
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 204-7
11 4
SETTLEMENT
Mombasa.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Trace history and growth of Mombasa.
Outline factors influencing growth of Mombasa.
Identify problems faced by Mombasa as a city.
Exposition, explanations and discussion.
Map: major East Africa urban centers.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 207-211
11 5
SETTLEMENT
Rotterdam.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify factors leading to growth of Rotterdam to an international port.
Exposition & explanations.
Map: major East Africa urban centers.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 211-2
12 1
SETTLEMENT
Effects of urbanization.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline effects of urbanization.
Brain storming;
Discussion.
Map: major East Africa urban centers.
KLB BOOK IV

PG 212-5
12 2-3
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVA- TION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Introduction. Environmental conservation.
Specific environmental hazards.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:






Define the terms environment, social environment, ecosystem, biodiversity, and environmental management.
Give reasons for conserving the environment

Describe some methods of combating floods, lightning, windstorms, pests and diseases.






Probing questions, exposition of new concepts & explanations.
Q/A, discussion, exposition of new concepts.
Newspaper illustrations
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 216-8
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 224-230
12 4
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVA- TION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Pollution.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe air pollution, water pollution and sound & land pollution.
Explain ways of combating pollution.
Examples of gases / activities leading to pollution;
Discussion.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 230-235
12 5
MANAGEMENT & CONSERVA- TION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Environmental conservation measures in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline measures carried out to manage and conserve the environment.
Q/A, brief discussion on public awareness, public education, legislation, the Water Act, and other Acts etc.
Newspaper illustrations
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 236-240

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