INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Folding.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define folding.
Explain the causes of folding.
Identify parts of a fold.

Q/A: review vertical earth movements.
Discussion & drawing illustrative diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
7-8

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Types of folds.
Features resulting from folding.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify types of folds.
Describe various folding processes.

Exposition of types of folds and resulting landforms.

Illustrative diagrams.
Map: World distribution of fold mountains.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
9-11

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Significance of folding.
Faulting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Outline effects of folding.

Q/A & discussion on effects of folding.
Assignment.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
12-13

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Types of faults.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify types of faults.

Probing questions and detailed discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
14-19

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Features resulting from faulting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe landforms resulting from faulting.

Discussion &
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
14-19

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

The Great Rift Valley.
The Gregory Rift Valley.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Trace the Great Rift Valley on a map.
Describe parts of the Great Rift Valley.

Case study.
The Afro-Arabian rift system.

Illustrative diagrams

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 21

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Significance of faulting.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain ways in which faulting is significant.
Explain effects of faulting on the physical environment.

Probing questions.
Detailed discussion.
Assignment.

Illustrative diagrams

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 22-24

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Vulcanicity and Earthquakes. Definitions associated with vulcanicity and volcanicity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Differentiate between vulcanicity and volcanicity.
Differentiate between intrusive and extrusive features.

Exposition of new concepts & brief discussion.

Illustrative  diagrams 

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 24-25

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Intrusive features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify various intrusive features.
Explain formation of various intrusive features.
Illustrate intrusive features with labelled diagrams.

Exposition of new concepts.
Probing questions.
Drawing illustrative diagrams.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 32-34

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Extrusive features.
Types of volcanoes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify various extrusive volcanic features.
Illustrate extrusive volcanic features with labelled diagrams.

Give examples of extrusive features in Africa. Discussion.
Assignment.

Pictures in various textbooks.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 25-27

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Distribution of volcanoes and volcanic features.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify volcanic regions in Kenya and in Africa.

Drawing map of Kenya & Africa and showing the distribution of volcanoes and volcanic features.

Maps: Volcanic regions in Kenya, Africa and in the World.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 30-35

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Positive influences of vulcanicity.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain ways in which vulcanicity is beneficial to man.

Q/A and detailed discussion.

Textbooks pictures

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
35-36

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Negative influences of vulcanicity.
Earthquakes. Definitions associated with earthquakes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight negative influences of vulcanicity.

Q/A, detailed discussion and assignment.

Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 36

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Causes of earthquakes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe human and natural causes of earthquakes.

Q/A to review tectonic movements, vulcanicity.
Probing questions leading to causes of earthquakes.
Q/A: human activities that may cause tremors.

Illustrative  diagrams 

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
37-38

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Types of earthquakes and waves. Measurement of earthquakes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe primary and secondary seismic waves.
Identify scales used to determine the intensity and magnitude of an earthquake.

Brief discussion: primary and secondary waves.
Exposition of basic terms:
Mercalli scale and Richter scale.
Open discussion.

Illustrative  diagrams 

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES 38-39

INTERNAL LAND-FORMING PROCESSES

Effects of earthquakes.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Outline effects of earthquakes & tremors.

Q/A and brief discussion.

 Illustrative diagrams.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
40-41

DIRECTION AND BEARING 

Direction and Bearing. Methods of showing direction.
Compass Bearing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Distinguish between direction and bearing.

Outline some traditional and modern methods of showing direction.

Q/A and brief discussion.

Pair of compasses & protractors.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
42-43

DIRECTION AND BEARING 

True Bearing.
Calculation of grid bearing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Find the true bearing of a point from another point.

Brain storming;
Class exercise.

Pair of compasses protractors.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
44-45

DIRECTION AND BEARING 

Determination of magnetic bearing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Determine magnetic bearing given the grid bearing.

Q/A: conversion of minutes and seconds to degrees.
Exposition: calculating magnetic variation.
Worked examples.

Illustrative  diagrams 

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
44-45

DIRECTION AND BEARING 

Locating places using latitudes and longitudes.
Locating places using four- figure grid references.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Locate position of places using latitude and longitudes.

Exercise: locating position of places using latitude and longitudes.

Topographical maps.
Chart: grid reference system.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
46-47

DIRECTION AND BEARING 

Locating places using six-figure grid references.
Representing relief using spot heights and trigonometric stations.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Give the six-figure grid reference of points on map.

Q/A: identifying eastings and northings.
Guided exercise.
Assignment.

Chart: grid reference system.
Atlases or topographical maps.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK P 49

DIRECTION AND BEARING 

Contours and forms lines.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define contours and forms lines.
Identify Contours and forms lines

Exposition: new terms.
Q/A: Contour interval, vertical height.
Exercise: estimating height-using contours.

Topographical maps.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
50-51

DIRECTION AND BEARING 

Methods of representing relief.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain use of pictorials, hachures, hill shading and layer tinting to represent relief.
State advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Exposition, Q/A and brief discussions.
Assignment.

Textbooks pictures.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
53

PHOTOGRAPH WORK.

Ground photographs. Aerial photographs.
Parts of a photograph.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Distinguish between ground close-ups and ground oblique photographs.
Distinguish between general oblique and vertical aerial photographs.

Exposition of new concepts & brief discussion.

Illustrative diagrams.
Photographs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
55-57

PHOTOGRAPH WORK.

Uses of photographs & Limitations of photographs.
Interpretation of photographs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

State uses of photographs.
Highlight limitations in the use of photographs.

Q/A and discussion.

Photographs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 59

PHOTOGRAPH WORK.

Human activities on photographs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify various human activities on a photograph.

Oral questions on types of farming and supportive evidence.
Written exercise.

Textbook pictures

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 61

PHOTOGRAPH WORK.

Industrial activities, mining activities & forms of transport.
Sketching diagrams from photographs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify industrial and mining activities & forms of transport in a photograph.

Oral questions on presence of industrial and mining activities & modes of transport and communication.

Photographs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGE 61

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Comparative line graphs.
Comparative bar graphs.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Construct comparative line graphs.
State advantages and disadvantages of comparative line graphs.

Q/A: review methods of presenting statistical data.
Activity: construct a comparative line graph.
Assignment.

Chart ?
Comparative bar graphs.

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
64-65

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Divided bars & Divided rectangles.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Present statistical data using divided bars and rectangles.
State advantages and disadvantages of divided rectangles.

Exposition.
Supervised practice.
Oral questions.

Illustrative diagrams 

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
67-69

STATISTICAL METHODS.

Analysis of statistical tables.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Analyse data in statistical tables.

Table analysis.
Assignment.

Illustrative  diagrams  and text book pictures 

KLB
GEOGRAPHY
BOOK PAGES
67-69