Communication

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of visual programming
- Identify various application areas of visual programming
- Show interest in learning about visual programming

- Study pictures of mobile applications and discuss how they are used
- Discuss what visual programming is
- Use digital or print resources to search for information on application areas of visual programming
- Share findings with the class

What is visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 50
- Digital resources
- Pictures of applications
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 51
- Digital devices with mobile applications
- Charts showing mobile applications

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group presentations

Communication

Visual Programming - Application areas of visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain web development as an application area of visual programming
- Identify different websites and their uses
- Show interest in web development

- Study websites displayed in a browser
- Discuss what a website is
- Explain what WWW stands for
- Mention websites they have visited
- Discuss what web development is
- Share discussions with the class

What is web development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 52
- Digital devices with internet access
- Various websites
- Digital resources
- Sample applications from different areas
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Recall various visual programming software
- Download and install visual programming software
- Show interest in creating applications using visual programming

- Recall various visual programming software learned in previous grades
- Follow steps to download and install Scratch on a computer
- Explore the option of installing Scratch on smartphones and tablets
- Share experiences with the class

How is visual programming software installed?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Digital devices with internet access
- Installation guidelines
- Digital resources
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Scratch interface guide

- Observation - Practical assessment - Peer assessment - Group discussions

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan a simple game using visual programming
- Create a clicker game using Scratch
- Value the importance of planning before programming

- Plan a music application using visual programming
- Create a music application using Scratch
- Show interest in creating music applications

- Create and play a fun game called "Clicker Game" using balloons in real life
- Follow steps to create a digital version of the clicker game using Scratch
- Choose a backdrop and sprite for the game
- Create a script to keep score and make the balloon move and change color
- Test and play the game
- Share the game with classmates
- Follow steps to create music using Scratch
- Choose appropriate sprites for musical instruments
- Create scripts to play sounds and music
- Combine different sounds to create a song
- Test and play the music
- Share the music with classmates

How are games created using visual programming?
How is music created using visual programming?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 54
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Balloons and strings (for physical game)
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 58
- Video tutorials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 61
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Audio equipment for playback
- Digital resources

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan an interactive story with sound using visual programming
- Create an interactive story with sound using Scratch
- Value the integration of sound in storytelling

- Develop a story to tell classmates
- Open Scratch program and choose appropriate backdrop and characters
- Create scripts to tell the story
- Add sound effects and background music to enhance the story
- Test and run the story
- Share the story with classmates

How can sound be integrated into interactive stories?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 63
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Audio equipment for playback
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 64
- Sample animations

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Peer assessment

Communication

Visual Programming - Creating applications using visual programming software

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create individual animations using visual programming
- Apply animation principles in visual programming
- Appreciate the creativity involved in animation development

- Use Scratch to create and play individual animations
- Create a storyline for the animation
- Choose appropriate sprites and backdrops
- Create scripts to animate the characters
- Test and run the animation
- Share the animation with the teacher and class

What principles guide animation development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 65
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Animation principles guide
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Scratch tutorials

- Observation - Practical assessment - Project assessment - Portfolio assessment

Communication
Materials for Production
Materials for Production

Visual Programming - Embracing the use of visual programming in day-to-day life
Wood - Classification of wood according to physical characteristics
Wood - Classification of wood according to physical characteristics
Wood - Preparation of wood for use in the production of items
Wood - Types of wood and their uses in the community
Wood - Types of wood and their uses in the community

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify problems that can be solved using visual programming
- Explain how visual programming helps in solving problems
- Appreciate the role of visual programming in solving day-to-day problems

- Explain the process of wood conversion
- Describe different methods of wood conversion
- Value proper wood preparation techniques

- Read a scenario about a learner who used visual programming to solve a Mathematics problem
- Discuss how visual programming helped the learner
- Explore how visual programming can help in solving problems in day-to-day life
- Share findings with the class
- Discuss wood conversion as a method of preparing wood for use
- Use print or digital resources to find information about plain sawing and quarter sawing
- Draw images to represent each conversion method

How can visual programming help us solve problems in day-to-day life?
What happens during the wood conversion process?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 66
- Digital devices with Scratch installed
- Problem scenarios
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 69
- Assorted pieces of wood
- Digital devices
- Charts showing wood types
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 70
- Sample trees in the environment
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 72
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Charts showing conversion methods
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 74
- Pictures showing wood seasoning methods
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 75
- Pictures of wooden items
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 77
- Community resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions
- Oral tests - Written tests - Drawings assessment

Materials for Production

Wood - Importance of wood in day-to-day life
Waste Materials - Waste materials found in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify wooden items in the environment
- Explain the importance of wood in day-to-day life
- Appreciate the value of wood as a resource

- Name wooden items found in the environment
- Mention places in the community that trade in wood products
- Discuss how wood is used in daily activities
- Explain the importance of wood in day-to-day life

Why is wood an important resource in our daily lives?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 79
- Charts
- Local wood products
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 81
- Crossword puzzles
- Self-reflection forms
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 93
- School environment
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Waste materials found in the environment
Waste Materials - Ways of handling waste materials safely in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Categorize different types of waste materials
- Identify areas where specific waste materials are found
- Appreciate the need to understand waste materials

- Study pictures of waste materials in the environment
- Identify waste materials shown in each picture
- Mention areas where specific waste materials are likely to be found
- Discuss different types of waste materials

How can we categorize waste materials found in our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 94
- Pictures of waste materials
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 95
- Reference materials
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Waste Materials - Ways of handling waste materials safely in the environment
Waste Materials - Disposing waste materials using appropriate methods
Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways to safely handle waste materials
- Describe methods of waste handling shown in pictures
- Show responsibility towards safe waste handling

- Explain the importance of proper waste handling
- Describe the impact of waste on the environment
- Value the importance of proper waste management

- Study pictures showing ways of handling waste materials
- Describe how different waste materials are handled in each picture
- Discuss other ways in which waste can be safely handled
- Take a walk in the locality to observe how businesses handle waste
- Find out from local people why proper waste handling is important
- Write findings in exercise books
- Present findings in class

How can different types of waste materials be safely handled?
Why is proper waste handling important for our environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 96
- Pictures of waste handling methods
- Digital resources
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 97
- Personal protective equipment
- Garbage bags or containers
- Dustbins
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 98
- Local community resources
- Digital resources
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment
- Field notes - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Materials for Production
Tools and Production

Waste Materials - The need for proper handling of waste materials in the environment
Holding Tools - Holding tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- List types of waste materials in the environment
- Suggest ways of handling different waste types
- Show responsibility towards waste management

- Discuss the importance of proper waste handling and disposal
- List types of waste materials found in the environment
- Suggest ways of safely handling each waste type
- Role play scenarios of waste management

How does proper waste management benefit the community?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 99
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Pictures showing proper waste handling
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 100
- Self-reflection forms
- Problem-solving exercises
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 113
- Visual aids
- Real holding tools
- Pictures of holding tools

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Role play assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for performing given tasks
Holding Tools - Uses of holding tools
Holding Tools - Uses of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate holding tools for specific tasks
- Explain reasons for selecting specific holding tools
- Show interest in proper tool selection

- Study tasks requiring holding tools
- Select the most appropriate holding tool for each task
- Give reasons for selecting specific tools
- Discuss factors to consider when selecting holding tools

How do you decide which holding tool to use for a specific task?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 115
- Task scenarios
- Holding tools
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 116
- Pictures of holding tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 117
- Safety equipment

- Observation - Oral questions - Tool selection assessment

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Caring for holding tools used in day-to-day life
Holding Tools - Importance of holding tools in day-to-day life
Holding Tools - Importance of holding tools in day-to-day life
Driving Tools - Driving tools used in day-to-day life
Driving Tools - Selecting driving tools for performing given tasks
Driving Tools - Uses of driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how to care for holding tools
- Describe maintenance practices for holding tools
- Show responsibility in tool care and maintenance

- Select appropriate driving tools for specific tasks
- Explain reasons for selecting specific driving tools
- Appreciate the importance of proper tool selection

- Study pictures showing care for holding tools
- Discuss how tools in the pictures have been taken care of
- Explain the importance of proper tool care
- Demonstrate maintenance practices for holding tools
- Study tasks requiring driving tools
- Select the most appropriate driving tool for each task
- Give reasons for the choice of tool
- Discuss factors to consider when selecting driving tools

Why is it important to care for and maintain holding tools?
How do you determine which driving tool is appropriate for a specific task?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 119
- Pictures of tool maintenance
- Holding tools
- Cleaning materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 120
- Pictures of workers using holding tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 121
- Word search puzzles
- Problem-solving exercises
- Self-reflection forms
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 124
- Pictures of driving tools
- Real driving tools
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 125
- Task scenarios
- Driving tools
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 127
- Pictures of driving tools in use
- Digital resources
- Video links

- Observation - Oral questions - Demonstration assessment
- Observation - Oral questions - Tool selection assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Uses of driving tools
Driving Tools - Caring for driving tools used in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate safe use of driving tools
- Follow safety guidelines when using driving tools
- Show responsibility in using driving tools safely

- Search for information on safe use of driving tools
- Create a skit demonstrating safe use of driving tools
- Practice using driving tools while following safety guidelines
- Observe safety rules during demonstrations

What safety measures should be observed when using driving tools?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 128
- Driving tools
- Safety equipment
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 130
- Pictures of tool maintenance
- Cleaning materials

- Observation - Demonstration - Practical assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Importance of driving tools in day-to-day life

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of driving tools
- Identify tasks that require driving tools
- Appreciate the role of driving tools in daily life

- Mention tasks that can be performed using driving tools
- Discuss the importance of driving tools in day-to-day life
- Explain how driving tools make work easier
- Describe safety benefits of proper tool use

How do driving tools improve productivity and safety?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 131
- Pictures of tasks using driving tools
- Digital resources
- Community resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 132
- Crossword puzzles
- Problem-solving exercises
- Self-reflection forms

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Role of intermediaries
Distribution of Goods and Services - Role of intermediaries
Distribution of Goods and Services - Channels for distributing goods and services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the meaning of channels of distribution
- Describe the role of intermediaries
- Appreciate the importance of distribution channels

- Identify different types of intermediaries
- Explain functions of various intermediaries
- Value the contribution of intermediaries in distribution

- Discuss and present the meaning of channels of distribution
- Explain the role of intermediaries in distribution
- Search for information on intermediaries in distribution
- Present findings to the class
- Discuss different types of intermediaries
- Explain the functions of each type of intermediary
- Create a chart showing intermediaries and their functions
- Present findings to the class

Why are intermediaries important in the distribution of goods and services?
How do different intermediaries serve in the distribution process?

- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Charts showing distribution channels
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Charts
- Pictures of intermediaries
- Video clips
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral presentation - Written assignments
- Observation - Oral presentation - Chart assessment

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Channels for distributing goods and services
Distribution of Goods and Services - Ethical and unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Compare different distribution channels
- Analyze factors affecting channel choice
- Appreciate the importance of selecting appropriate channels

- Analyze case studies on different distribution channels
- Compare advantages and disadvantages of each channel
- Discuss factors affecting choice of distribution channel
- Present findings to the class

How do businesses decide which distribution channel to use?

- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Charts
- Reference books
- Reference books
- Newspaper articles

- Case study analysis - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Distribution of Goods and Services - Ethical and unethical practices
Distribution of Goods and Services - Participation in distribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Analyze the impact of unethical practices
- Suggest ways to promote ethical practices
- Show commitment to ethical business conduct

- Analyze case studies on unethical distribution practices
- Discuss the impact of unethical practices on consumers
- Suggest ways to promote ethical practices
- Role play ethical and unethical scenarios

How do unethical distribution practices affect consumers and businesses?

- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Reference books
- Role play scenarios
- Local businesses
- Community resources
- Interview guides

- Case study analysis - Role play assessment - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Project - Identifying problems to be solved

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify problems in the locality
- Describe causes of identified problems
- Show interest in solving community problems

- Explore the locality to identify problems
- Observe activities in different areas of the locality
- Interview community members about challenges
- Record findings in a structured format

What problems in our locality can be solved using skills from Pre-Technical Studies?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 153
- Community resources
- Questionnaires
- Recording materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 154
- Collected data
- Digital resources
- Presentation materials

- Observation - Interview assessment - Field notes

Tools and Production

Project - Selecting an item to solve the identified problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify possible items to solve the identified problem
- Select an appropriate item based on specific criteria
- Show creativity in problem-solving

- Discuss how the identified problem can be solved
- Use available resources to search for possible solutions
- Identify items that can solve the problem
- Suggest technical skills needed to make the items

How do we determine the most appropriate solution to our identified problem?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 154
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Problem analysis tools

- Observation - Oral presentation - Solution assessment

Tools and Production

Project - Selecting an item to solve the identified problem
Project - Making an item to solve the problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Evaluate potential solutions based on effectiveness
- Consider resources, skills, and time constraints
- Value sustainable problem-solving approaches

- Discuss possible items that can be made to solve the problem
- Consider materials and tools required
- Evaluate skills required and cost implications
- Select one item to make for solving the problem

What factors should we consider when selecting a solution?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 155
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Evaluation tools
- Drawing materials
- Reference materials

- Observation - Decision-making assessment - Written justification

Tools and Production

Project - Making an item to solve the problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify materials and tools needed
- Source materials from the locality
- Show responsibility in resource gathering

- Use resources to identify materials and tools needed
- Select appropriate materials and tools
- Identify places to source materials
- Collect and store materials safely

What locally available materials can we use for our project?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 156
- Local materials
- Digital resources
- Tool catalogs
- Safety gear
- Tools and materials
- Work space

- Material selection - Sourcing strategy - Resource management

Tools and Production

Project - Making an item to solve the problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Apply making skills effectively
- Solve problems encountered during making
- Show persistence in completing tasks

- Calculate the cost of the item
- Determine an appropriate price
- Show understanding of basic costing

- Continue making the designed item
- Apply appropriate techniques
- Solve challenges encountered
- Document the making process
- Estimate the total cost spent to make the item
- Calculate the profit margin
- Determine the selling price
- Document the costing process

How can we overcome challenges during the making process?
How do we determine the cost and appropriate price for our item?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 156
- Tools and materials
- Safety gear
- Work space
- Cleaning supplies
- Evaluation tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 156
- Cost calculation tools
- Digital resources
- Pricing guides
- Finished item
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms

- Practical work - Problem-solving - Process documentation
- Cost calculation - Pricing strategy - Documentation assessment

Tools and Production

Project - Utilizing skills to solve problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Use the item to solve the identified problem
- Document the problem-solving process
- Show responsibility in applying solutions

- Use the item to solve the identified problem
- Document the application process
- Observe the effectiveness of the solution
- Make necessary adjustments

How can we effectively implement our solution in the community?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 157
- Finished item
- Documentation tools
- Community resources

- Implementation assessment - Documentation review - Problem-solving effectiveness

Tools and Production

Project - Utilizing skills to solve problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Evaluate the success of the solution
- Identify areas for improvement
- Show commitment to continuous improvement

- Evaluate how well the item solved the problem
- Identify strengths and weaknesses of the solution
- Suggest improvements for future projects
- Complete a self-reflection form

What have we learned from this project and how can we improve?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 157
- Evaluation tools
- Self-reflection forms
- Feedback data
- Finished item
- Presentation materials
- Community venue

- Solution evaluation - Improvement suggestions - Self-reflection

Tools and Production
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship

Project - Utilizing skills to solve problems
Financial Services - Financial institutions available in Kenya
Financial Services - Financial institutions available in Kenya
Financial Services - Classification of financial institutions in Kenya
Financial Services - Services offered by financial institutions in Kenya
Government and Business - Reasons for government involvement in business
Government and Business - Reasons for government involvement in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Document the entire project process
- Create a comprehensive project report
- Show appreciation for skills acquired

- Identify services offered by financial institutions
- Match services to specific institutions
- Show interest in financial services

- Create a comprehensive project report
- Include problem identification, solution development, implementation, and evaluation
- Reflect on skills acquired and applied
- Present the final report
- Select a type of financial institution to research
- Use digital devices or reference materials to search for services offered
- Make a presentation of findings
- Create a chart of services offered by different institutions

How can we document our project journey for future reference?
What services do financial institutions provide to individuals and businesses?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 157
- Project documentation
- Digital resources
- Reporting templates
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 160
- Pictures of financial institutions
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 161
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 162
- Presentation materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 164
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Presentation tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 169
- Pictures showing government involvement
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 170
- Flashcards
- Reference materials

- Project report - Documentation quality - Presentation skills
- Research assessment - Oral presentation - Chart quality

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Ways of government involvement in business
Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ways government regulates businesses
- Explain the purpose of business regulations
- Show responsibility towards regulatory compliance

- Study pictures of businesses being closed
- Discuss government's role in regulating businesses
- Identify regulations violated by the businesses
- Explain the community benefit of regulations

How does the government regulate business activities?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 171
- Pictures of regulatory actions
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 172
- Reference materials
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 173
- Pictures of public facilities

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Types of taxes in Kenya
Government and Business - e-Government services in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of taxes in Kenya
- Explain the purpose of each tax type
- Show responsibility towards tax compliance

- Use available resources to find information about tax types
- Discuss types of taxes (income tax, VAT, corporate tax, excise duty)
- Find out current rates of each tax type
- Present findings in class

What are the different types of taxes collected in Kenya?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 175
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Charts
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 176
- Case study
- Reference materials

- Research assessment - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Importance of a business plan
Business Plan - Components of a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Define a business plan
- Explain the importance of a business plan
- Value the role of planning in business

- Identify components of a business plan
- Describe each component
- Value the structure of a business plan

- Brainstorm on the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Discuss how a business plan helps entrepreneurs
- Explain reasons for making a business plan
- Share findings with the class
- Study a chart showing components of a business plan
- Describe each component
- Study sample business plans
- Present the discussion in class

Why is a business plan important for entrepreneurs?
What are the key components of a successful business plan?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 180
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Video link
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 181
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 183
- Charts
- Sample business plans
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 184
- Case studies

- Observation - Oral questions - Discussion assessment
- Observation - Oral presentation - Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Filling in a business plan template

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Complete a business plan template
- Apply knowledge of business plan components
- Show creativity in business planning

- Study a business plan template
- Copy the template in exercise books
- Complete the plan by filling in blank sections
- Share the completed plan in class

How do we complete a business plan for a specific business idea?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book pg. 185
- Business plan template
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Template completion - Oral presentation - Written assessment