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Geography
Form 4 2025
TERM II
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WK LSN TOPIC SUB-TOPIC OBJECTIVES T/L ACTIVITIES T/L AIDS REFERENCE REMARKS
2 1
STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA
Age- sex pyramids.
Age- sex pyramids.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:



Define the term cohort.
Recall steps for constructing an age-sex pyramid.



Q/A: review previously studied statistical methods of presenting data.
Examine population census results of age and sex.
Teacher explains construction of an age-sex pyramid.
Census results.
Tabulated data.



KLB BOOK IV

Pg 1-2.                                 Cet Bk 4
2 2
STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA
Analysis and interpretation of age-sex pyramids. Advantages and disadvantages of age-sex pyramids
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Analyse and interpret age-sex pyramids.
State advantages and disadvantages of presenting data in form of age- sex pyramids.
Charts  types of age- sex pyramids.
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 2-3.      Cert Geo Bk 4
2 3
STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA
Dot maps/ Distribution maps.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain factors taken into consideration when constructing a dot map.
Expository approach:
Teacher explains significance of dot value, dot size and dot location.
Simple calculations.
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 3-4.      Cert Geo BK 4
2 4
STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA
Constructing dot maps.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Construct dot maps.
Exposition of steps for constructing dot maps.
Practical activity- making dot maps.
Supervised practice.
Calculators, tabulated data.
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 4-5.      Cert Geog BK 4
3 1
STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA
Advantages & disadvantages of dot maps.
Choropleth maps.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages & limitations of dot maps.
Review previous assignment.
Brief discussion on construction of dot maps.
Assignment.
KLB BOOK. IV  Pg 5.         Cert Geog BK 4
3 2
STATISTICAL METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA
LAND RECLAMATION
Advantages & disadvantages of choropleth maps.
Introduction. Irrigation schemes in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages & disadvantages of chloropleth maps.
Probing questions;
Brief discussion.
Calculators,  tabulated data
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 7. Certificate Book 4
3 3
LAND RECLAMATION
Mwea-Tebere irrigation scheme.
Perkerra irrigation scheme.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors influencing location of the scheme.
Describe establishment of the scheme.
Probing questions;
Detailed discussion on case study.
Whiteboard, maps 
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 10-11 Certificate Book 4
3 4
LAND RECLAMATION
Significance of irrigation farming in Kenya. Problems associated with irrigation farming in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline significance of irrigation farming in Kenya.


Outline the problems associated with irrigation farming in Kenya.
Q/A & brief discussion.



Brain storming;
Q/A & brief discussion.
map, whiteboard 
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 12-13.   Certificate Book 4
4 1
LAND RECLAMATION
Methods of land reclamation. Irrigation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline types of irrigation.
Exposition of new concepts;
Brief discussion.
Map,  whiteboard 
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 14-15
4 2
LAND RECLAMATION
Drainage of swamps & pest control.
Other methods of land reclamation.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe drainage of swamps, control of floods & pest control as methods of land reclamation.
Detailed discussion with probing questions.
map,  whiteboard 
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 13,15
4 3
LAND RECLAMATION
Land reclamation in the Netherlands.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight features of Delta Plan project.
State the benefits of the Delta Plan project.
Expository approach & case studies on Delta Plan project.
Brief discussion on benefits of the project;
Topic review questions.
Whiteboard, maps
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 20-21
4 3-4
LAND RECLAMATION
FISHING
Land reclamation in the Netherlands.
Factors influencing fishing.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight features of Delta Plan project.
State the benefits of the Delta Plan project.
Expository approach & case studies on Delta Plan project.
Brief discussion on benefits of the project;
Topic review questions.
Whiteboard, maps
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 20-21
5

Public holiday

5 2
FISHING
Types of fish & Methods of fishing.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of fish.
Outline methods of fishing.
State advantages & disadvantages of specific methods of fishing.
Teacher exposes and explains new concepts related to types of fish and fishing methods.
Probing questions on advantages & disadvantages of each method.
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 25-28
5 3
FISHING
Major fishing grounds in the world. - Atlantic fishing grounds.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Account for the extensive and highly developed fish farming in the Atlantic fishing grounds.
Discussion on Atlantic fishing grounds.
Illustrative maps.
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 28-32
5 4
FISHING
- Pacific fishing grounds.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Account for the extensive and highly developed fish farming in the Pacific fishing grounds.
Discussion on Atlantic fishing grounds;
N.E. Asia, West America.
Illustrative maps.
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 32-33
6 1
FISHING
Fishing grounds in Africa.
Fishing in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify major fishing grounds in Africa.
Descriptive approach.

Assignment method.
Illustrative maps  fishing grounds in Africa.
Map: drainage system in Kenya.
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 33-35
6 2
FISHING
Fish farming in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite significance of fish farming in Kenya and reasons why it should be encouraged.
State advantages & disadvantages of fish farming compared to other farming methods.
Describe establishment of fish farming in Kenya.
Brain storming,

Brief discussion.
Whiteboard 
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 38-40
6 3
FISHING
Problems associated with fishing industry in Kenya.
Management and conservation of fisheries in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify problems associated with fishing industry.
Suggest possible solutions to the problems.
Brain storming,

Brief discussion.
Whiteboard 
KLB BOOK IV  Pg 40
6 4
FISHING
Fishing in Tanzania.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe marine fishing and inland fishing in Tanzania.
Q/A & brief discussion.

Superficial case studies.
Map: drainage system in Tanzania.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 40-41
7 1
FISHING
Fishing in Uganda.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe marine fishing and inland fishing in Uganda.
Q/A & brief discussion.

Superficial case studies.
Map: drainage systems in Uganda.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 41-43
7 2
FISHING
Fishing in Japan.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Account for establishment and development of fishing in Japan.
Case study.
Map showing location of Japan.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 47-48
7 3
WILDLIFE AND TOURISM
Management and conservation of wildlife in East Africa.
Tourism: Introduction. Factors of tourism in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight some of the measures being taken to conserve wildlife in East Africa.
Probing questions & discussion.
Photographs 
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 57-59
7 4
WILDLIFE AND TOURISM
Tourist attractions in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify tourist attractions in Kenya.
Give specific examples of tourist attractions.
Maps, illustrative maps
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 64-69
8 1
WILDLIFE AND TOURISM
Significance of tourism. Problems associated with tourism.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline benefits of tourism to Kenya.

Identify problems associated with tourism.
Give specific examples of tourism benefits.
Give specific examples of problems associated with tourism.
Text book
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 69-73
8 2
WILDLIFE AND TOURISM
ENERGY
Tourism in Switzerland.
Renewable sources of energy.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Account for development of tourism industry in Switzerland.
Superficial case study.
Map: location of Switzerland.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 71
8 3
ENERGY
Non- renewable sources of energy
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify non- renewable sources of energy.
Brain storming;

Brief discussion.
Realia
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 80-82
8 4
ENERGY
H.E.P. stations & geothermal stations in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe establishment and development of H.E.P. & geothermal stations in Kenya.
Brain storming;

Brief discussion.
Map: HEP stations in Kenya.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 83-85
9 1
ENERGY
H.E.P. stations in Uganda.
Geothermal power projects in Africa.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe establishment and development of H.E.P. stations in Uganda.
Brief discussion.
Map: HEP stations in Kenya.
Map- HEP power projects in Africa.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 85-86
9

MIDTERM BREAK

10 1
ENERGY
Energy crisis.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain some emerging issues related to energy crisis.
Brief discussion & probing questions.
Map- HEP power projects in Africa.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 89-90
10 2
ENERGY
Management and conservation of energy.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline measures taken to manage and conserve energy.
Brief discussion with probing questions.
Review questions.
Map- HEP power projects in Africa.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 91
10 3
INDUSTRY
Introduction. Definition and importance.
Types of industries.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Define the terms industry and industrialization.
Give reasons why industrialization is essential.


Brain storming;

Discussion.
Newspaper extracts.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 93-97
10 4
INDUSTRY
Jua kali industries.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain the role of jua kali industries in the growth of an economy.
Oral questions, brief discussion.
Newspaper extracts.
KLB BOOK IV

pg 103- 107
11 1
INDUSTRY
Distribution of Agricultural industries in Kenya.
Distribution of non-agricultural industries in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the distribution of Agricultural industries in Kenya.
Cite specific examples and the materials dealt in.
Newspaper extracts.
KLB BOOK IV
11 2
INDUSTRY
Significance of industrialization in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight the significance of industrialization in Kenya.
Oral questions, brief discussion.
Newspaper extracts.
KLB BOOK IV
11 3
INDUSTRY
Significance of industrialization in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight the significance of industrialization in Kenya.
Oral questions, brief discussion.
Newspaper extracts.
KLB BOOK IV
11 4
INDUSTRY
Problems facing industrialization & industries in Kenya.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify problems facing industrialization & industries in Kenya.
Suggest possible solutions to the problems.
Q/A & brief discussion.
Newspaper extracts.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 104-5
12 1
INDUSTRY
Cottage industry in India. Iron & steel industry in the Ruhr region.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe cottage industry in India.
Explain the success of cottage industry in India.
Explain factors that have led to development of iron & steel industry in the Ruhr region of Germany.
Brief discussion.

Give examples of activities in Cottage industry.

Expository approach with specific examples.
Map: industrial centers of India & Germany.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 104-7



Pg 113
12 2
INDUSTRY
Car manufacturing & Electronics industry in Japan.
By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors that have led to development of car manufacturing & electronics industry in Japan.
Expository approach with specific examples.
Map: major industrial centres.
KLB BOOK IV

Pg 116-118

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