FORAGE CROPS

Pasture classification.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:


Outline criteria for classifying pastures.

Exposition and probing questions.

Common types of grass.

KLB BK III
Pg 269-271

FORAGE CROPS

Pasture establishment.
Weed control and top dressing.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline methods of sowing pasture crop.
Describe field practices for pasture establishment.

Brain storming,
Discussion.

KLB BK III
Pg 272-274

FORAGE CROPS

Pasture utilization.
Rotational grazing systems.
Zero grazing / stall feeding.
Napier grass.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State effects of early / late defoliation.

State advantages of zero grazing / stall feeding.

Probing questions;
Exposition;
Discussion.
Brain storming;
Discussion

illustrative video
chart
illustrative chart s
Napier grass strands.

KLB BK III
Pg 277-278
KLB BK III
Pg 283

FORAGE CROPS

Guatemala.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline the ecological requirements for Guatemala.
Describe establishment of Guatemala.

Brain storming;
Discussion

Guatemala strands.

KLB BK III
Pg 287-292

FORAGE CROPS

Kenya white clover.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline the ecological requirements for Kenya white clover.
Describe establishment of Kenya white clover..

Brain storming;
Discussion

Kenya white clover strands.

KLB BK III
Pg 295

FORAGE CROPS

Lucerne & desmodium.
FORAGE CONSERVATION

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline the ecological requirements for Lucerne / desmodium.
Describe establishment of Lucerne / desmodium.

Q/A & brief discussion;
Exposition.

Lucerne strands.
illustrative diagrams of conserving forage 

KLB BK III
Pg297

FORAGE CROPS
LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Principles of conservation.
Silage requirements in dry matter.
Observable conditions of livestock. & Disease predisposing factors.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss the principles of conservation of forage.
State characteristics of quality silage.



Identify conditions that help in observing disease symptoms.

Identify some disease predisposing factors

Brief discussion with exposition of new concepts.



Brain storming,
Q/A to review disease and health.
Discussion.

Calculators.

KLB BK III
Pg 304-305



KLB BK III
Pg 308-9

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Terms related to livestock diseases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the terms incubation period, mortality, natural and artificial immunity.

Probing questions;
Brief discussion.

KLB BK III
Pg 309-310

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Protozoan diseases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of protozoan diseases.
Identify symptoms of specific diseases.
Cite control measures.

Discussion on ECF, anaplsmolysis, nagana, coccidiosis.

ill livestock

KLB BK III
Pg 311-2

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases.

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of bacterial diseases.
Identify symptoms of specific diseases.
Cite control measures.
Identify animals affected by bacterial diseases.

Discussion on mastitis. Foot rot, contagious abortion, black quarter, scours, anthrax, pneumonia.

ill animals

KLB BK III
Pg 314-325

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III
LIVESTOCK HEALTH III
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Viral diseases.
Nutritional disorders. -Milk fever.
- Bloat.
Composition of an egg
Incubation of eggs - Selection characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of viral diseases.
Identify symptoms of specific diseases.
Cite control measures.
Identify animals affected by viral diseases.
Cite symptoms of  bloat  Explain control and treatment of bloat

Discussion on rinderpest, Newcastle, gumboro, foot and mouth disease, fowl pox.
Brain storming;
Brief discussion.

virus infected animals
animal illing from milk fever
animal ailing from bloat 
Eggs, Chart showing parts of an egg, Drawing materials, Magnifying glass, Rulers for measurement
Eggs of various conditions, Weighing scale, Measuring tools, Record sheets, Selection criteria charts

KLB BK III
Pg 325-330
KLB BK III
Pg 332-3

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Egg candling
Natural incubation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe candling of eggs. Explain the procedure of candling. Identify abnormalities through candling. Observe internal structure of eggs through candling.

Practical activity - candling eggs using different light sources. Observing internal structure of eggs in dark room. Making deductions from candling observations. Recording abnormalities found. Discussion on candling at different stages of incubation.

Cardboard boxes, Torch, Electric bulb, Candles, Dark room setup, Observation sheets
Nesting box, Nesting materials (dry grass, sawdust), Debe containers, Sample nest setups, Broody hen management guides

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Page 4

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Artificial incubation - Conditions
Management of an incubator

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline conditions necessary for artificial incubation. Explain temperature control requirements (37.5°C to 39.4°C). Describe ventilation and humidity control. Discuss egg turning procedures.

Exposition of incubator operation principles. Practical demonstration of temperature monitoring and control. Setting up ventilation systems for proper air circulation. Hands-on humidity control using water trays and damp cloths. Demonstration of proper egg turning at 45° angles.

Artificial incubator model, Thermometer, Water trays, Ventilation materials, Damp cloths, Eggs for turning
Incubator, Disinfectants, Cleaning materials, Management record sheets, Timer, Cost comparison charts

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 7-8

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Sources of chicks and brooding introduction
Artificial brooding - Requirements and preparation
Brooder management and chick care

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify reputable sources of day-old chicks in Kenya. List factors to consider when sourcing chicks. Define the term brooding. Explain the importance of proper brooding.

Research activity on chick suppliers (Muguku, Lake Chicks, Kenchick, Stockplan, Sigma). Group presentations on sourcing factors (reputation, time, breed, size, health). Discussion on brooding as critical period in poultry management. Problem-solving chick sourcing challenges. Creating sourcing checklist for farmers.

List of chick suppliers in Kenya, Transport cost charts, Chick quality assessment guides, Presentation materials
Artificial brooder, Heat sources (electric bulbs, charcoal burner), Wire guards, Thermometer, Newspapers, Litter materials, Feeders, Waterers
Chick mash samples, Feeders, Waterers, Vaccination charts, Behavior observation sheets, Feed calculation worksheets, Thermometer

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 6-7

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Rearing of growers, layers and broilers
Free range rearing system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss rearing of growers, layers and broilers. Compare feeding requirements for different bird categories. Calculate feed consumption and space requirements. Plan transition from brooder to grower stage.
State factors considered when choosing a rearing system. Identify requirements for free-range system. State merits and demerits of free range system. Calculate stocking density (not exceeding 1000 birds per hectare).

Exposition and probing questions on different rearing stages. Discussion on grower mash (16-17% D.C.P.) vs layer mash (14-16% D.C.P.) vs broiler feeds. Practical calculation of daily feed requirements (120g per layer). Problem-solving feeding program transitions. Creating management schedules for different bird categories. Space calculation exercises.
Q/A on system selection factors (land, topography, labor, capital, security, market, knowledge). Discussion on free range requirements - land size, fencing, runs, movable houses. Practical calculation of land needs (100 birds need 0.4 hectare). Cost-benefit analysis comparing with other systems. Problem-solving free range management challenges.

Feed samples (grower, layer, broiler mash), Calculators, Rearing comparison charts, Feed calculation worksheets, Space requirement guides
Free range system charts, Measuring tape, Calculators, Fencing materials samples, Land calculation worksheets, Cost comparison sheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 10-12
KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 12-15

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Fold system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fold system. State merits and demerits of fold systems. Design fold specifications (3.5m long, 1.5m wide, 1.5m high). Calculate number of birds per fold (10-15 hens per fold).

Q/A and discussion on fold system principles and portability. Practical measurement and design of fold dimensions. Drawing scaled fold designs with roofed and open sections. Calculation exercises for fold numbers needed for given flock size. Discussion on daily movement requirements and labor implications. Problem-solving fold construction and management issues.

Fold design materials, Wire mesh samples, Measuring tools, Construction planning sheets, Calculators, Model building materials

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 15-16

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Deep litter system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the requirements for deep litter system. State merits and demerits of deep litter systems. Calculate space requirements (1 sq m per 2-3 birds). Plan litter management and house specifications.

Q/A and discussion on deep litter system requirements. Practical demonstration of litter preparation (15-30cm deep) using sawdust, wood shavings. Calculation of space allocation and bird density. Design of house layout with proper ventilation (60-90cm opening above ground). Problem-solving litter management challenges including moisture control and turning.

Deep litter materials (sawdust, wood shavings, crushed maize cobs), House design materials, Calculators, Ventilation planning guides, Moisture control charts

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 16-18

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Battery cage system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the requirements for battery cage system. Calculate cage specifications and arrangements. Compare battery system with other systems. Design cage layout with proper spacing (0.2 square meter per bird).

Q/A and discussion on battery cage principles and intensive management. Practical measurement and design of cage dimensions (45cm wide, 45cm high, 57.5cm deep). Calculation exercises for tier arrangements (3-6 tiers) and bird capacity. Drawing scaled cage arrangements with feeding and watering systems. Cost analysis comparing initial investment with returns. Problem-solving cage management and mechanization issues.

Battery cage models, Wire mesh samples, Measuring equipment, Calculators, Cage design worksheets, Cost analysis sheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 18-19

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Factors affecting egg production - Stress
Vices in poultry
Culling birds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State causes of stress in birds. Outline stress management practices. Identify effects of stress on egg production. Plan stress reduction strategies for poultry farms.
Define the term culling. Give reasons for culling of birds. Identify characteristics of good and poor layers. Demonstrate proper culling procedures and record keeping.

Discussion on stress causes (sudden changes, strangers, handling, noise, weather, diseases, lack of feed/water). Practical identification of stress symptoms in birds. Problem-solving stress management scenarios. Group work on creating stress-free environments. Planning daily routines to minimize stress. Development of emergency procedures for stress situations.
Brain storming on culling importance and economic benefits. Practical observation and identification of characteristics of good layers vs poor layers. Discussion on culling criteria (production records, physical examination, behavior). Record keeping for culling decisions and flock improvement. Problem-solving culling schedules and replacement planning. Cost-benefit analysis of culling programs.

Stress identification charts, Case study materials, Management planning sheets, Emergency procedure guides, Poultry behavior observation sheets
Charts showing poultry vices and symptoms, Debeaking equipment models, Vice prevention planning sheets, Case study examples, Control measure guides
Live birds for observation (if available), Culling record sheets, Production record examples, Culling criteria charts, Cost-benefit calculation sheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 19-20
KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Page 22

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Marketing eggs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors considered in sorting and grading eggs for fresh markets. Explain egg packing procedures with broad end upward. Calculate marketing costs, profits and pricing strategies.

Teacher's demonstrations on egg sorting by cleanliness, size (small, medium, large), and candling quality. Practical exercise in egg classification and grading. Hands-on egg packing using proper techniques (30 eggs per tray, 10 trays per box). Discussion on marketing channels and pricing strategies. Cost-benefit calculations including transport and packaging costs. Problem-solving marketing challenges and seasonal price variations.

Eggs of various sizes and quality, Egg trays (30-egg capacity), Egg boxes, Grading equipment, Calculators, Market price analysis sheets, Packaging cost worksheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 22-23

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Processing chicken meat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline methods of killing a bird (neck dislocation, sharp knife). Describe dressing of a bird's carcass. Explain proper slaughtering procedures with 12-hour starvation. Demonstrate packaging for market sale.

Topic review and teacher's demonstrations of humane killing methods. Practical demonstration of neck dislocation and knife cutting techniques using models. Step-by-step carcass dressing procedures (plucking, singeing, removing neck and crop, organ removal). Discussion on food safety, hygiene standards, and packaging in polythene bags. Problem-solving processing challenges and quality control. Cost calculation for processing operations and profit margins.

Demonstration models, Processing equipment models, Sharp knives (demonstration only), Safety and hygiene materials, Packaging materials, Processing cost calculation sheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 23-25