LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING)

Reproduction and Reproductive System

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define reproduction and sexual reproduction. Explain the process of fertilization. Describe the role of gametes in reproduction. Define terms related to reproduction.

Discussion on reproduction importance. Exposition of fertilization process. Definition of terms like hatcheries, broodiness, incubation. Question and answer session.

Charts showing fertilization process. Student textbooks. Diagrams of reproductive cells.

KLB BK III Pg 1

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING)

Male Reproductive System (Bull)
Female Reproductive System (Cow)
Pregnancy, Parturition and Birth
Reproductive System in Poultry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify parts of bull's reproductive system. Draw and label the reproductive system of a bull. Describe functions of each part. Explain sperm production and storage.

Drawing and labeling bull's reproductive system. Discussion on organ functions. Demonstration using charts. Brief discussion on system functions.

Charts of bull reproductive system. Colored pencils for drawing. Real specimens if available. Textbooks.
Charts of cow reproductive system. Models if available. Drawing materials. Hormone function charts.
Gestation period charts. Pictures of animals at birth. Drawing materials. Chart showing proper presentation.
Charts of hen's reproductive system. Real eggs for dissection. Drawing materials. Magnifying glasses.

KLB BK III Pgs 2-3

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING)

Breeding Stock Selection
Methods of Selecting Breeding Stock
Breeding and Reasons for Breeding
Breeding Systems - Inbreeding
Breeding Systems - Outbreeding
Signs of Heat in Livestock

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors considered when selecting breeding stock. Define selection and breeding stock. Explain the importance of performance records. Discuss age and physical fitness requirements.
Give reasons for outbreeding. State advantages and disadvantages of outbreeding. Explain outcrossing, crossbreeding and upgrading. Compare breeding systems.

Probing questions on selection factors. Discussion on breeding stock importance. Exposition of selection criteria. Group work on selection factors.
Exposition of outbreeding concepts. Discussion on advantages and disadvantages. Brief discussion on types of outbreeding. Examples of upgrading programs.

Pictures of different animal breeds. Breeding record books. Charts on selection criteria. Video clips of livestock.
Selection records. Breeding program examples. Charts showing selection methods. Textbook references.
Pictures of improved breeds. Breeding success stories. Charts on genetic improvement. Local breed examples.
Pedigree charts. Inbreeding examples. Family tree diagrams. Breeding outcome examples.
Breed comparison charts. Crossbreeding examples. Upgrading demonstration materials. Comparison charts.
Video clips of animals showing heat signs. Heat detection charts. Species comparison charts. Observation worksheets.

KLB BK III Pgs 9-10
KLB BK III Pgs 18-19

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING)

Natural Mating and Artificial Insemination
Embryo Transplant

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of natural mating. State advantages and disadvantages of artificial insemination. Compare natural mating with AI. Describe AI process.

Discussion on natural mating benefits and limitations. Brief discussion on AI advantages. Discussion with questioning on AI process. Demonstration using models and charts.

Pictures of breeding males. AI equipment models. Comparison charts. Artificial vagina demonstration models.
Embryo transfer demonstration materials. Technology requirement charts. Cost analysis sheets. Advanced breeding technology examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 20-23

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION III (SELECTION AND BREEDING)
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IV (LIVESTOCK REARING PRACTICES)

Parturition in Livestock
Routine Livestock Rearing Practices - Feeding

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify signs of parturition in cows, sows and does. Describe normal birth process. Recognize emergency situations. Explain management during parturition.

Brainstorming on parturition signs. Brief discussion on birth management. Discussion on emergency procedures. Written exercise on parturition.

Pictures of animals about to give birth. Parturition sign identification charts. Emergency procedure charts. Management protocol worksheets.
Chart showing feeding practices. Student textbooks. Feeding time tables. Pictures of young animals feeding.

KLB BK III Pgs 24-25

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IV (LIVESTOCK REARING PRACTICES)

Vaccination and Deworming
Hoof Trimming and Docking
Dipping, Spraying and Dusting
Breeding-related Practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State properties of good vaccines. Give examples of common vaccines. Explain reasons for deworming and docking. Describe vaccination programs and deworming procedures.
Give reasons for dipping, spraying and dusting. Identify equipment used for each method. Compare advantages of different methods. Explain proper application procedures.

Exposition of vaccination concepts. Discussion on vaccine properties. Brainstorming on deworming importance. Brief discussion on parasite control.
Discussion with questioning on parasite control. Brief discussion on equipment types. Exposition of application methods. Question and answer session.

Sample vaccines pictures. Sample dewormers pictures. Vaccination charts. Deworming equipment pictures.
Tools used in hoof trimming pictures. Docking equipment pictures. Charts showing procedures. Before and after pictures.
Cattle dip pictures. Spraying equipment pictures. Dusting equipment pictures. Parasite control charts.
Breeding practice charts. Wool shears pictures. Breeding ratio tables. Raddling demonstration materials.

KLB BK III Pgs 32-36
KLB BK III Pgs 38-40

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IV (LIVESTOCK REARING PRACTICES)

Identification of Livestock - Branding and Ear Tagging
Identification Methods - Ear Notching and Tattooing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give reasons for identifying animals. Outline various methods of identification. Describe branding procedures and precautions. Explain ear tagging methods and advantages.

Brainstorming on identification importance. Brief discussion on branding methods. Discussion on ear tagging procedures. Question and answer session.

Branding equipment pictures. Ear tagging tools pictures. Identification charts. Before and after pictures.
Ear notching charts. Tattooing equipment pictures. Method comparison tables. Animal suitability guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 41-44

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IV (LIVESTOCK REARING PRACTICES)

Debeaking, Tooth Clipping and Culling
Dehorning Methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give reasons for debeaking and tooth clipping. Describe procedures for each practice. Give reasons for culling animals. Cite basis of culling animals.

Question and answer on poultry management. Brief discussion on piglet management. Brainstorming on culling importance. Exposition of culling criteria.

Debeaking tools pictures. Tooth clipping equipment. Culling criteria charts. Good vs poor producer comparisons.
Dehorning tools pictures. Method demonstration charts. Safety equipment pictures. Procedure step charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 45-46

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IV (LIVESTOCK REARING PRACTICES)

Castration and Caponisation
Management During Parturition
Bee Keeping - Importance and Bee Colony
Types of Hives and Stocking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give reasons for castrating animals. Outline methods of castration. Describe open and closed methods. Explain caponisation process in poultry.
Outline importance of bee keeping. Identify members of a bee colony. Describe the life cycle of a bee. State factors considered when siting an apiary.

Brainstorming on castration importance. Brief discussion on methods comparison. Discussion on surgical procedures. Exposition of caponisation.
Brain storming on bee keeping benefits. Detailed discussion on bee types. Exposition of life cycle stages. Discussion on apiary location factors.

Castration tools pictures. Method comparison charts. Surgical equipment pictures. Hormone treatment information.
Parturition management charts. Species-specific guides. Preparation checklists. Management protocol sheets.
Different types of bees pictures. Life cycle charts. Apiary location guides. Bee colony structure diagrams.
Different hive types pictures. Stocking equipment pictures. Hive comparison charts. Procedure demonstration materials.

KLB BK III Pgs 49-52
KLB BK III Pgs 56-60

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IV (LIVESTOCK REARING PRACTICES)

Bee Management and Honey Harvesting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give reasons for feeding bees. Identify pests and diseases affecting bees. Cite reasons for swarming of bees. Describe honey harvesting process and equipment.

Discussion on bee feeding importance. Brief discussion on pest control. Exposition of swarming causes. Detailed discussion on harvesting procedures.

Bee feeding equipment pictures. Pest identification charts. Honey harvesting tools pictures. Processing equipment demonstrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 66-72

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IV (LIVESTOCK REARING PRACTICES)

Fish Farming - Importance and Requirements
Fish Pond Management - Stocking, Feeding and Harvesting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline importance of fish keeping. Identify requirements for fish farming. Describe selection of suitable sites. Explain pond construction procedures.

Brain storming on fish farming benefits. Discussion on site requirements. Exposition of pond construction. Brief discussion on management practices.

Fish pond pictures. Site requirement charts. Construction procedure diagrams. Soil testing equipment pictures.
Fish stocking pictures. Feeding equipment pictures. Harvesting nets pictures. Preservation method charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 72-73

FARM STRUCTURES

Planning and Siting Farm Structures
Types of Construction Materials
Construction Materials - Stones, Concrete and Mud Blocks
Construction Materials - Metals, Timber and Treatment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors considered when planning farm structures. State factors considered when siting farm structures. Describe site preparation procedures. Discuss relationship between structures.
Describe properties of stones, concrete and mud blocks. Explain preparation of concrete blocks. State ratios for concrete mixture. Outline advantages of each material type.

Brain storming on farm structure importance. Discussion on planning factors. Exposition of siting factors. Question and answer on site preparation.
Exposition of material preparation. Discussion on concrete ratios. Brief discussion on material properties. Demonstration using charts and samples.

Charts on farm structures. Planning factor lists. Site requirement guides. Pictures of different farm structures.
Samples of construction materials. Material comparison charts. Property demonstration materials. Cost comparison tables.
Stone samples. Concrete block examples. Mud block samples. Ratio calculation charts.
Metal construction samples. Timber treatment charts. Chemical treatment procedure guides. Before and after treatment examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 83-84
KLB BK III Pgs 84-88

FARM STRUCTURES

Parts of a Building - Foundation
Parts of a Building - Walls and Roof

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State purpose of building foundation. Describe foundation establishment procedures. Explain factors affecting foundation depth. Identify materials used in foundation construction.

Brain storming on foundation importance. Exposition of foundation establishment. Discussion on foundation requirements. Brief discussion on construction procedures.

Foundation diagrams. Construction procedure charts. Foundation material samples. Cross-section illustrations.
Wall construction diagrams. Roof structure charts. Building component illustrations. Construction tool pictures.

KLB BK III Pgs 89-93

FARM STRUCTURES

Livestock Structures - Crushes
Livestock Structures - Plunge Dips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of livestock structures. State uses of crushes in livestock management. Describe crush construction requirements. Explain siting factors for crushes.

Brain storming on livestock structure uses. Discussion on crush importance. Exposition of construction requirements. Brief discussion on maintenance needs.

Crush design diagrams. Livestock management charts. Construction material lists. Maintenance procedure guides.
Plunge dip diagrams. Component identification charts. Material requirement lists. Maintenance schedule examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 94-99

FARM STRUCTURES

Livestock Structures - Machakos Dips and Spray Race
Livestock Structures - Dairy Sheds and Zero Grazing Units
Livestock Structures - Calf Pens
Poultry Houses

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Compare Machakos dip with plunge dip. Describe spray race components. State advantages of spray race over dips. Explain operational requirements for spray systems.
Identify structural requirements for calf pens. Describe different calf pen designs. State factors affecting calf pen construction. Explain maintenance needs for calf housing.

Discussion on dip type comparison. Exposition of spray race components. Brief discussion on operational advantages. Question and answer on system requirements.
Discussion on calf housing needs. Exposition of structural requirements. Brief discussion on design variations. Question and answer on maintenance needs.

Dip comparison charts. Spray race diagrams. Component identification guides. Operational procedure charts.
Dairy shed layout diagrams. Zero grazing unit charts. Component identification guides. Maintenance requirement lists.
Calf pen design diagrams. Structural requirement charts. Design variation illustrations. Maintenance procedure guides.
Poultry house design charts. Structural requirement guides. Material specification lists. Ventilation system diagrams.

KLB BK III Pgs 94-99
KLB BK III Pgs 104-105

FARM STRUCTURES

Piggery Units and Rabbitry
Fish Ponds and Bee Hives

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify parts of piggery unit. Describe structural requirements for pig housing. Explain rabbit housing systems. State construction materials for small livestock housing.

Discussion on pig housing components. Exposition of structural requirements. Brief discussion on rabbit housing systems. Question and answer on construction materials.

Piggery layout diagrams. Rabbit housing charts. Structural requirement guides. Material specification lists.
Fish pond construction diagrams. Bee hive design charts. Construction procedure guides. Material requirement lists.

KLB BK III Pgs 106-110

FARM STRUCTURES

Farm Stores and Silos
Fences - Types and Construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State structural requirements for farm stores. Describe different types of storage structures. Explain construction of silos and Cyprus bins. State maintenance requirements for storage structures.

Discussion on storage structure needs. Exposition of structural requirements. Brief discussion on silo construction. Question and answer on maintenance needs.

Storage structure diagrams. Silo construction charts. Structural requirement guides. Maintenance procedure lists.
Fence type illustrations. Construction procedure charts. Advantage/disadvantage comparison tables. Material requirement guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 124-130

FARM STRUCTURES
AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Wire Fences and Live Fences
Green Houses and Nursery Structures
Meaning of Land Tenure
Collective Land Tenure System - Communal

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe establishment of wire fences. Explain advantages and disadvantages of live fences. State maintenance requirements for different fence types. Compare wire fences with live fences.
Define the term land tenure. Explain the concept of tenure security. Distinguish between customary and written laws. Identify factors influencing land tenure systems.

Discussion on wire fence establishment. Exposition of live fence characteristics. Brief discussion on maintenance needs. Question and answer on fence comparison.
Exposition of new concepts on land tenure. Discussion on tenure security importance. Probing questions on land laws. Brief discussion on land rights.

Wire fence construction diagrams. Live fence examples. Maintenance requirement charts. Fence comparison tables.
Green house design diagrams. Nursery structure charts. Construction material lists. Siting factor guides.
Charts on land tenure concepts. Student textbooks. Land tenure system diagrams. Tenure security illustrations.
Examples of communal land systems. Advantage/disadvantage charts. Community examples (Maasai). Problem identification guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 124-130
KLB BK III Pgs 140-142

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Collective Land Tenure System - Co-operative and State
Individual Tenure System - Owner-operator

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of co-operative system. Describe state ownership of land. Give examples of co-operative land systems. Compare different collective tenure systems.

Discussion on co-operative land ownership. Exposition of state ownership systems. Brief discussion on examples. Comparison of collective systems.

Co-operative land examples. State land system charts. Comparison tables. ADC farm examples.
Individual land ownership examples. Title deed samples. Production planning charts. Security benefit illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 142-144

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Individual Tenure System - Landlordism and Tenancy
Individual Tenure System - Concession/Company

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages and disadvantages of landlordism and tenancy. Explain leasehold land tenure system. Describe tenant-landlord relationships. Discuss rent payment methods.

Discussion on landlord-tenant systems. Exposition of leasehold arrangements. Brief discussion on rental agreements. Question and answer on payment methods.

Lease agreement examples. Landlord-tenant relationship charts. Rent payment systems. Leasehold land examples.
Company land examples. Estate system charts. Plantation examples (Delmonte). Government agreement illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 144-147

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Fragmentation and Sub-division of Land
Effects of Fragmentation and Sub-division
Land Reform - Meaning and Objectives
Land Consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define land fragmentation and sub-division. State factors contributing to fragmentation. Explain effects of fragmentation on agriculture. Describe inheritance processes.
Define land reform and its importance. Outline important objectives of land tenure reform. Explain land reform programmes. Describe integrated programmes for land control.

Discussion on land fragmentation concepts. Exposition of fragmentation factors. Brief discussion on agricultural effects. Question and answer on inheritance.
Exposition of land reform concepts. Discussion on reform objectives. Brief discussion on programme types. Question and answer on land control.

Fragmentation examples. Factor identification charts. Agricultural impact illustrations. Inheritance process guides.
Fragmented land examples. Management problem charts. Development impact illustrations. Extension service challenges.
Land reform definition charts. Objective identification guides. Programme type illustrations. Land control examples.
Land consolidation examples. Process flow charts. Advantage identification guides. Consolidated farm illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 147-152
KLB BK III Pgs 152-157

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS II (LAND TENURE AND LAND REFORM)

Land Adjudication and Registration
Settlement and Resettlement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss land adjudication and registration processes. State steps followed in land adjudication. Explain information contained in land register and title deed. State benefits of land title deed to farmers.

Discussion on adjudication process. Exposition of registration procedures. Brief discussion on title deed contents. Question and answer on farmer benefits.

Adjudication process charts. Title deed examples. Registration procedure guides. Farmer benefit illustrations.
Settlement scheme examples. Objective identification charts. Kenya settlement history. Success requirement guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 152-157

FORAGE CROPS

Introduction and pasture classification
Pasture establishment and planting materials
Fertilizer application and legume inoculation
Pasture management practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define forage crops and distinguish between forage and fodder crops. Define pasture and classify pastures according to stand, establishment and ecological zones. Explain the difference between natural and artificial pastures. Give examples of pastures at different altitudes.

Exposition of forage concepts. Discussion on pasture classification. Examination of grass and legume specimens from different zones.

Charts showing pasture classification, specimens of grasses and legumes, altitude maps
Farm tools, pasture seeds, rhizomes, splits, charts showing sowing methods
Fertilizer samples, rhizobium inoculant, charts showing nitrogen fixation, legume nodules
Pictures of pasture weeds, fertilizer samples, slashing tools, charts showing management practices

KLB BK III Pg 218-222

FORAGE CROPS

Pasture utilization and defoliation
Carrying capacity and grazing systems
Napier grass production
Other fodder crops
Agroforestry fodder and conservation introduction
Hay making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain factors affecting forage quality including digestibility. Describe effects of early and late defoliation on pastures. Define frequency and intensity of defoliation. State proper grazing intervals for different pastures.
Outline establishment and utilization of agroforestry shrubs as fodder. Explain reasons for conserving forage including seasonal feed distribution. State methods of forage conservation. Compare hay, silage and standing forage conservation.

Exposition of forage quality factors. Discussion on defoliation effects and optimal timing. Brain storming on grazing management.
Discussion on agroforestry benefits. Exposition of conservation importance. Brain storming on conservation method selection.

Charts showing defoliation effects, pasture quality samples, grazing schedules
Calculators, carrying capacity charts, paddocking diagrams, pictures of grazing methods
Napier grass specimens, stem cuttings with nodes, fertilizer samples, cutting tools
Guatemala grass specimens, mangold samples, clover and lucerne specimens, desmodium varieties
Leucaenia and calliandra samples, charts showing conservation methods, seasonal feed charts
Hay samples, charts showing hay making process, storage equipment diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 230-232
KLB BK III Pg 244-245

FORAGE CROPS
LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Silage making and silo types
Silage quality and requirements calculation
Introduction to livestock diseases and observable conditions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe silage making process and advantages over hay. Compare different types of silos including trench, clamp and tower silos. Explain steps followed in making silage. State principles of silage preservation and fermentation.

Discussion on silage advantages. Examination of silo diagrams. Exposition of fermentation principles and preservation.

Charts showing silo types, silage samples, fermentation diagrams, pH testing materials
Calculators, silage quality charts, additive samples, measurement tools, calculation worksheets
Charts showing disease symptoms, thermometer, pictures of sick animals, disease organism diagrams

KLB BK III Pg 247-249

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Terms used in livestock diseases
Classification and protozoan diseases - ECF and anaplasmosis
Protozoan diseases - coccidiosis and trypanosomiasis
Bacterial diseases - mastitis

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define incubation period and mortality in disease outbreaks. Distinguish between curative and preventive treatment. Explain natural and artificial immunity types. Describe vaccines and their mode of action.

Exposition of disease terminology. Discussion on immunity types. Brain storming on treatment approaches. Question and answer on disease terms.

Charts showing immunity types, vaccine samples, timeline charts for incubation periods
Disease classification charts, tick specimens, pictures of ECF symptoms, maps showing disease distribution
Pictures of coccidiosis symptoms, tsetse fly specimens, maps showing trypanosomiasis areas, drug samples
Pictures of mastitis symptoms, milk samples showing mastitis, milking equipment, antibiotic samples

KLB BK III Pg 251-252

LIVESTOCK HEALTH III

Bacterial diseases - fowl typhoid and foot rot
Bacterial diseases - contagious abortion and scours
Bacterial diseases - black quarter, anthrax and pneumonia
Viral diseases - rinderpest and foot and mouth disease
Viral diseases - Newcastle, fowl pox and Gumboro
Viral diseases - African swine fever
Nutritional disorders - milk fever and bloat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe fowl typhoid symptoms and control in poultry. Explain foot rot in cloven-hoofed animals. Identify predisposing factors for foot rot including wet conditions. State control measures including foot baths and hoof trimming.
Describe Newcastle disease symptoms and high mortality. Explain fowl pox types including cutaneous and diphtheritic forms. Describe Gumboro disease affecting immune system. State control measures for poultry viral diseases.

Discussion on poultry diseases. Examination of foot rot symptoms. Demonstration of hoof trimming principles. Brain storming on hygiene importance.
Discussion on poultry viral diseases. Examination of fowl pox lesions. Brain storming on vaccination schedules. Case study of Gumboro (poultry AIDS).

Pictures of fowl typhoid symptoms, foot rot specimens, hoof trimming tools, foot bath chemicals
Charts showing brucellosis transmission, pictures of scours symptoms, vaccination schedules, hygiene materials
Pictures of black quarter symptoms, anthrax control procedures, vaccination equipment, ventilation diagrams
Pictures of rinderpest symptoms, foot and mouth disease lesions, quarantine procedures, vaccination records
Pictures of Newcastle symptoms, fowl pox lesions, Gumboro symptoms, poultry vaccination equipment
Pictures of African swine fever symptoms, pig management charts, quarantine procedures, disease control equipment
Calcium injection equipment, charts showing milk fever symptoms, bloat treatment tools, nutritional supplements

KLB BK III Pg 257-259
KLB BK III Pg 265-267