Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Types of raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - Workbenches and ladders
Safety on Raised Platforms - Risks associated with raised platforms
Safety on Raised Platforms - More risks (electrocution, unstable surfaces, collapse)
Safety on Raised Platforms - Additional risks and safety measures
Safety on Raised Platforms - Observing safety measures (choosing platform, wearing PPE)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of raised platforms used in performing tasks
- Explain the characteristics of different raised platforms
- Appreciate the importance of using appropriate raised platforms
- Define risk in relation to raised platforms
- Identify risks associated with working on raised platforms
- Appreciate the need for risk awareness

- Walk around the school to explore types of raised platforms (ladders, trestles, steps, stands, mobile raised platforms, work benches, ramps)
- Brainstorm on the types of raised platforms used in day-to-day life
- Discuss the characteristics of different types of raised platforms
- Discuss the term 'risk' as applied to raised platforms
- Study illustrations showing risks
- Use print or digital media to search for information on risks
- Discuss worker falling and falling objects

What types of raised platforms are commonly used in workplaces?
What are the potential dangers when working on raised platforms?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Visual aids showing raised platforms
- Real objects (ladders, trestles, steps)
- Pictures of workbenches
- Ladder samples
- Digital resources
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 5
- Visual aids showing risks
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 6
- Pictures showing risks
- Digital resources
- Charts on safety
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 7
- Visual aids
- Safety equipment samples
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 8
- PPE samples (helmets, gloves, safety shoes)

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on Raised Platforms - Safety practices and maintenance
Safety on Raised Platforms - Installation of safety features and importance
Handling Hazardous Substances - Identifying hazardous substances
Handling Hazardous Substances - Types of hazardous substances (industrial waste, paint, glue)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Practice safe user behaviors on platforms
- Demonstrate proper climbing techniques
- Appreciate the importance of platform maintenance

- Demonstrate safe positioning on platforms
- Practice proper climbing techniques
- Discuss maintaining clutter-free work surfaces
- Role-play safe working practices

How should one position themselves safely on a raised platform?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 9
- Raised platforms for practice
- Safety equipment
- Visual aids showing correct positions
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 11
- Pictures of safety installations
- Digital resources
- Charts on safety guidelines
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 18
- Visual aids showing hazardous substances
- Digital devices
- Safety labels
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 19
- Samples of paint containers
- Glue containers with labels

- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling Hazardous Substances - Petroleum products, acids, and farm chemicals
Handling Hazardous Substances - Disinfectants, solvents, and explosive materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify petroleum products as hazardous
- Describe hazards of acids
- Explain risks of farm chemicals

- Discuss petroleum products (diesel, petrol, kerosene)
- Study acids (battery acid, sulphuric acid)
- Examine farm chemicals (fertilizers, pesticides)
- Use print media to research hazards

What dangers do farm chemicals pose to humans and animals?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 20
- Pictures of petroleum products
- Acid container labels
- Farm chemical containers
- Digital resources
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 22
- Disinfectant containers
- Solvent labels
- Visual aids
- Digital devices

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling Hazardous Substances - Classifying hazardous substances
Handling Hazardous Substances - Categories of hazardous substances
Handling Hazardous Substances - Safe handling procedures
Handling Hazardous Substances - Handling poisonous substances
Handling Hazardous Substances - Handling corrosive and flammable substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define poisonous, flammable, and corrosive substances
- Classify hazardous substances into categories
- Appreciate the importance of classification
- Describe safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Explain importance of labeling
- Demonstrate proper storage methods

- Discuss meanings of poisonous, flammable, corrosive
- Group hazardous substances identified earlier
- Study hazard symbols
- Use chart to classify substances
- Visit locality to learn about safe handling
- Read and interpret safety labels
- Discuss emergency items (fire extinguishers, first aid kits)
- Study proper storage methods

How are hazardous substances classified?
Why should hazardous substances be clearly labeled?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 25
- Hazard symbol charts
- Classification tables
- Digital resources
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 26
- E-waste samples
- Hazard symbol posters
- Digital devices
- Classification charts
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 29
- Safety labels and manuals
- PPE samples
- Digital resources
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 31
- Safety labels
- PPE equipment
- Resource person
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 34
- Safety equipment
- PPE

- Written tests - Observation - Oral questions
- Observation - Practical assessment - Oral questions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling Hazardous Substances - Importance of observing safety
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Meaning of key terms and nurturing talents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain importance of safe handling
- Describe benefits to health and environment
- Appreciate the need for safety compliance

- Study information on safety importance
- Discuss protection of human health
- Analyze environmental protection benefits
- Develop safety guidelines for community

Why is it important to observe safety when handling hazardous substances?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 37
- Charts on safety importance
- Digital resources
- Visual aids
- Case scenarios
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 38
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Identifying personal talents and abilities
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Nurturing talents through practice and networking

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify personal talents and abilities
- Reflect on past achievements
- Appreciate diverse talents

- Reflect on things enjoyed and done well
- Think about past successes
- Write story of personal life
- Ask others about perceived strengths

How can one identify their own talents and abilities?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 39
- Digital resources
- Writing materials
- Reference books
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 42
- Goal-setting templates
- Photographs
- Charts

- Self-assessment - Oral questions - Portfolio

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies
Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies
Communication in Pre-Technical Studies
Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Self-Exploration and Career Development - Relating talents to career pathways
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Ethical and unethical practices
Self-Exploration and Career Development - Choosing a career pathway
Oblique Projection - Characteristics of oblique drawing
Oblique Projection - Dimensions and angles in oblique

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify three career pathways at Senior School
- Match talents to appropriate pathways
- Appreciate diverse career options
- Identify factors for choosing career pathways
- Select appropriate pathway based on talents
- Appreciate importance of informed career choices

- Study information on Senior School pathways
- Discuss Arts and Sports Sciences pathway
- Discuss Social Sciences pathway
- Discuss STEM pathway
- Engage resource person on career choices
- Discuss passion and skills factor
- Consider personality and goals
- Discuss cost and facilities factors

What are the three career pathways at Senior School?
What factors should be considered when choosing a career pathway?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 45
- Career pathway charts
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Reference materials
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 47
- Flash cards
- Case scenarios
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 49
- Career guidance materials
- Resource person
- Digital devices
- Charts
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing instruments
- Visual aids showing oblique drawings
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 54
- Squared paper
- Visual aids
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation
- Oral questions - Written tests - Self-assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Sketching cubes in oblique (right viewpoint)
Oblique Projection - Completing cube sketches with hidden lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Sketch a square as front face
- Draw offset square for back face
- Join faces to form cube

- Study drawings showing right and left viewpoints
- Discuss procedure for sketching cubes
- Practice sketching front face on squared paper
- Sketch back face as offset

How is a cube sketched in oblique projection?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 56
- Squared paper
- Pencils
- Visual aids
- Sample sketches
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 57
- Sample completed cubes

- Practical assessment - Observation - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Drawing cubes using instruments (front face)
Oblique Projection - Completing cube construction with instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct accurate square using ruler
- Use protractor to create 45° angles
- Mark points using compass

- Discuss procedure for using instruments
- Construct square ABCD as front face
- Construct lines inclined at 45°
- Use compass to mark depth points

What instruments are needed for oblique drawing?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 59
- Drawing paper
- Pencils, rulers
- Protractors, compasses
- Set squares
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 60
- Complete set of instruments
- Visual aids
- Sample drawings

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Drawing cuboids in oblique (front face)
Oblique Projection - Completing cuboid construction
Oblique Projection - Practice drawing various dimensions
Oblique Projection - Left and right viewpoints
Oblique Projection - Cavalier and cabinet projections

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Construct rectangle as front face
- Create 45° angles at corners
- Mark depth points for cuboid
- Distinguish between left and right viewpoints
- Draw objects from different viewpoints
- Appreciate flexibility in oblique drawing

- Construct rectangle PQRS as front face
- Bisect angles to create 45° lines
- Use compass to mark depth
- Project lines from all corners
- Study examples of left viewpoint drawings
- Study examples of right viewpoint drawings
- Practice drawing same object from both views
- Compare the two viewpoints

How is a cuboid different from a cube in oblique?
What is the difference between left and right viewpoints?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 61
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing paper
- Visual aids
- Rectangles for reference
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 62
- Completed samples
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 63
- Multiple sheets of paper
- Rulers for checking
- Sample problems
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 56
- Drawing instruments
- Drawing paper
- Comparative samples
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 53
- Visual aids comparing types
- Reference books

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions
- Practical assessment - Oral questions - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique Projection - Application in technical fields
Oblique Projection - Benefits and importance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain uses of oblique drawings
- Identify applications in workplaces
- Appreciate importance in communication

- Visit workplace to observe oblique drawings
- Discuss observations with workers
- Study role in technical communication
- Develop portfolio of oblique drawings

How are oblique drawings used in technical communication?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 64
- Workplace examples
- Digital resources
- Portfolio materials
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 65
- Industry examples
- Charts on benefits

- Observation - Oral questions - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies
Materials for Production

Oblique Projection - Review and assessment
Wood - Physical characteristics of trees

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Demonstrate all learned skills
- Draw complex shapes accurately
- Apply knowledge to solve problems

- Review all oblique drawing procedures
- Complete assessment drawings
- Draw assigned shapes and objects
- Present portfolio of work

Can you draw various objects accurately in oblique projection?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 53-65
- Complete set of instruments
- Assessment papers
- Portfolio materials
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 83
- Tree samples
- Digital devices
- Visual aids

- Practical examination - Portfolio assessment - Written test

Materials for Production

Wood - Physical characteristics of timber
Wood - Examples of softwood and hardwood trees
Wood - Wood preparation and felling
Wood - Wood conversion methods
Wood - Quarter sawing and wood seasoning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Distinguish softwood from hardwood by color
- Compare density of different wood types
- Develop a checklist for wood classification
- Define wood conversion
- Identify types of saws used
- Describe plain sawing method

- Visit workplace where wood is used
- Observe color of different types of wood
- Use saw to cut equal pieces and compare weight
- Develop checklist to classify wood as softwood or hardwood
- Discuss meaning of wood conversion
- Study types of saws (pit saw, circular saw, band saw, chain saw)
- Learn about plain sawing method
- Observe illustrations of conversion methods

How can we distinguish between softwood and hardwood timber?
How is wood converted into usable forms?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 84
- Wood samples
- Saws
- Checklist templates
- Classification charts
- Digital resources
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 85
- Resource person
- Visual aids showing felling
- Digital devices
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 86
- Pictures of saws
- Conversion diagrams
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 87
- Seasoning illustrations
- Digital resources

- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist
- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Materials for Production

Wood - Artificial seasoning methods
Wood - Uses of wood in workplaces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe kiln seasoning
- Compare natural and artificial seasoning
- Appreciate advantages of different methods

- Study kiln seasoning process
- Compare natural vs artificial seasoning
- Discuss advantages and disadvantages
- Use print media to research seasoning methods

What are the different methods of artificial seasoning?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 88
- Kiln diagrams
- Comparison charts
- Reference materials
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 89
- Wood product samples
- Charts
- Visual aids

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Identifying waste materials
Handling Waste Materials - Categories of waste
Handling Waste Materials - Safe handling methods (reducing, segregation)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define waste material
- Identify waste materials in environment
- Group waste materials by type

- Search for meaning of 'waste material'
- Walk around school to collect waste materials
- Discuss waste materials collected
- Group waste according to type

What types of waste materials are found in our environment?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 93
- Collection bags
- Gloves
- Classification charts
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 94
- Waste samples
- Sorting bins
- Classification tables
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 95
- Segregation bins
- Visual aids
- PPE equipment

- Observation - Oral questions - Checklist

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Reusing and recycling
Handling Waste Materials - Composting and incineration
Handling Waste Materials - Landfilling and disposal methods
Handling Waste Materials - Recycling projects (plastic planter)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the concept of reusing
- Describe recycling process
- Give examples of reusable items
- Describe landfilling process
- Compare different disposal methods
- Select appropriate disposal method

- Study reusing of materials (bottles, crates)
- Learn about recycling process
- Examine recycled products
- Discuss benefits of reusing and recycling
- Study landfilling procedure
- Compare all waste disposal methods
- Discuss appropriate uses for each method
- Engage resource person on best practices

How does reusing differ from recycling?
What is landfilling and when is it used?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 96
- Reusable items
- Recycled products
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 97
- Compost materials
- Safety equipment
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 98
- Landfill diagrams
- Resource person
- Comparison charts
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 101
- Plastic bottles
- Scissors, soil
- Sponge, seedlings

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation
- Written assignments - Oral questions - Observation

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Recycling projects (bag from T-shirt, table mat)
Handling Waste Materials - Importance of proper waste handling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Make bag from recycled T-shirt
- Create table mat from newspapers
- Demonstrate creativity in recycling

- Make bag from old T-shirt
- Create table mat from rolled newspapers
- Seal projects appropriately
- Display completed recycled items

What other useful items can be made from waste materials?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 102
- Old T-shirts
- Newspapers, glue
- Scissors, needle
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 109
- Charts on importance
- Case scenarios
- Visual aids

- Practical assessment - Portfolio - Observation

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Types of pliers
Holding Tools - Types of clamps and vices
Holding Tools - Types of tongs and clips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define holding tool
- Identify different types of pliers
- Describe features of pliers

- Discuss term 'holding tool'
- Take gallery walk to observe tools
- Pick and name different pliers
- Discuss features of each plier type

What are holding tools?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 113
- Pliers samples
- Visual aids
- Charts
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 114
- Clamp samples
- Vice samples
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 115
- Tong samples
- Clip samples
- Identification puzzles

- Observation - Oral questions - Checklist

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for tasks
Holding Tools - Selecting vices, tongs and clips
Holding Tools - Using pliers and clamps
Holding Tools - Using vices, tongs and clips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Select appropriate pliers for task
- Select appropriate clamps for task
- Justify tool selection
- Demonstrate proper use of pliers
- Demonstrate proper use of clamps
- Observe safety when using tools

- Visit workplace to observe tool selection
- Ask workers about suitable tools for tasks
- Study suited use of different pliers
- Study suited use of different clamps
- Learn steps for using pliers safely
- Practice opening and gripping with pliers
- Learn steps for using clamps
- Practice positioning and tightening clamps

How do we select the right holding tool for a task?
How are pliers and clamps used safely?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 117
- Tool selection guides
- Workplace examples
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 119
- Tool samples
- Selection charts
- Task scenarios
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 123
- Pliers
- Clamps
- Workpieces
- Safety equipment
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 124
- Bench vice
- Tongs
- Clips

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Caring for holding tools
Driving Tools - Types of hammers
Driving Tools - Types of mallets, screwdrivers, spanners

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Clean holding tools properly
- Lubricate moving parts
- Store tools safely

- Discuss meaning of 'caring for tools'
- Practice cleaning holding tools
- Apply lubricant to moving parts
- Inspect tools for damage

How should holding tools be maintained?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 126
- Cleaning materials
- Lubricants
- Storage facilities
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 133
- Hammer samples
- Visual aids
- Charts
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 134
- Mallet samples
- Screwdriver samples
- Spanner samples

- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Punches and crowbars
Driving Tools - Selecting hammers and mallets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of punches
- Identify types of crowbars
- Appreciate variety of driving tools

- Study starting punch and pin punch
- Examine wrecking bar and flat bar
- Discuss specific uses of each
- Name other driving tools in workplace

How are punches and crowbars used?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 135
- Punch samples
- Crowbar samples
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 136
- Tool selection guides
- Task scenarios

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Selecting screwdrivers and spanners
Driving Tools - Selecting punches and crowbars
Driving Tools - Using hammers and mallets
Driving Tools - Using screwdrivers and spanners

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Select screwdriver by slot type and size
- Select appropriate spanner for task
- Consider grip and shank length
- Demonstrate proper use of hammer
- Demonstrate proper use of mallet
- Observe safety when using tools

- Study factors for selecting screwdrivers
- Learn about slot configuration and sizes
- Study suited use of different spanners
- Practice matching tools to fasteners
- Learn steps for using hammer safely
- Practice positioning and striking with hammer
- Learn steps for using mallet
- Practice striking with mallet

What factors determine screwdriver and spanner selection?
How are hammers and mallets used safely?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 138
- Screwdriver samples
- Spanner samples
- Fastener samples
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 140
- Tool samples
- Selection charts
- Task examples
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 142
- Hammers
- Mallets
- Nails, workpieces
- Safety equipment
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 143
- Screwdrivers
- Spanners
- Screws, nuts, bolts

- Practical assessment - Oral questions - Written tests
- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Caring for driving tools
Driving Tools - Proper use and replacement
Project - Identifying problems in locality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Clean driving tools properly
- Protect surfaces from rust
- Store tools safely

- Discuss maintenance of driving tools
- Practice cleaning and wiping tools
- Apply protective oil to surfaces
- Inspect tools for damage
- Practice proper storage

How should driving tools be maintained?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 147
- Cleaning materials
- Lubricants
- Storage toolbox
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 148
- Tool samples
- Damaged tool examples
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Observation schedules
- Recording materials
- Community access

- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist

Tools and Production

Project - Selecting item to solve problem
Project - Designing the item

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Brainstorm possible solutions
- Select most suitable item to make
- Justify selection decision

- Discuss possible items to solve problem
- Evaluate feasibility of each option
- Choose most suitable item
- Summarize key features of chosen item

How do we select the best solution?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Brainstorming materials
- Evaluation criteria
- Decision-making guides
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Drawing paper
- Pencils, rulers
- Drawing instruments

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Portfolio

Tools and Production

Project - Materials cost estimate
Project - Collecting materials
Project - Preparing materials
Project - Crafting the item (Part 1)
Project - Crafting the item (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- List materials needed
- Research material prices
- Prepare cost estimate table
- Select appropriate tools
- Prepare materials safely
- Observe safety measures

- Discuss materials needed
- Visit shops to inquire about prices
- Record quantities and costs
- Prepare cost estimate table
- Select tools for material preparation
- Discuss safety measures
- Use tools to prepare materials
- Store prepared materials

How do we estimate project costs?
How do we prepare materials for the project?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Price lists
- Calculation materials
- Computer (optional)
- Shopping lists
- Money for purchases
- Storage facilities
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 155
- Appropriate tools
- Materials to prepare
- Safety equipment
- Selected tools
- Prepared materials
- Tools
- Materials
- Quality check guidelines

- Written assignments - Practical assessment - Portfolio
- Practical assessment - Observation - Checklist

Tools and Production

Project - Crafting the item (Part 3)
Project - Marketing the item (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Complete crafting of item
- Document process with photos
- Write procedure report

- Complete making the item
- Take pictures/videos of process
- Write report explaining procedure
- Develop portfolio

How do we document our project work?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 155
- Tools
- Digital camera/phone
- Writing materials
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 156
- Calculators
- Pricing guidelines
- Display materials

- Practical assessment - Portfolio assessment - Report writing

Tools and Production

Project - Marketing the item (Part 2)
Project - Donating or selling the item

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Display item in school forum
- Answer questions about project
- Observe other projects

- Display item in school forum
- Answer questions from audience
- Observe other items made
- Take pictures of displayed items

How do we present our project to others?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 156
- Display tables
- Completed items
- Camera/phone
- Completed project
- Community contacts
- Project documentation

- Observation - Oral presentation - Portfolio assessment

Entrepreneurship

Financial Services - Identifying financial institutions
Financial Services - Classifying financial institutions
Financial Services - Services by Central Bank and commercial banks
Financial Services - Services by insurance, microfinance, SACCOs, AFC
Government and Business - Reasons for government involvement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define financial institution
- Identify financial institutions in Kenya
- Appreciate diversity of financial services
- Explain services of Central Bank
- Describe services of commercial banks
- Appreciate role of banking institutions

- Discuss meaning of 'financial institution'
- Study illustration of people at financial institution
- Use print/digital media to search for institutions
- List financial institutions in Kenya
- Read case study on financial services
- Discuss services offered by Central Bank
- Study services by commercial banks
- Analyze services in case study

What are financial institutions?
What services do banks offer?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 160
- Digital devices
- Visual aids
- Reference materials
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 162
- Resource person
- Classification charts
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 164
- Case study materials
- Service descriptions
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 166
- Digital resources
- Charts
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 169
- Digital devices
- Visual aids showing reasons
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Oral questions - Written tests - Case study analysis

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - More reasons for involvement
Government and Business - Ways of government involvement (infrastructure, licensing)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain protection of consumers
- Describe prevention of exploitation
- Explain economic stimulation

- Study protection from harmful products
- Discuss preventing exploitation
- Learn about attracting investors
- Study economic development initiatives

How does government protect consumers?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 170
- Examples of protection
- Visual aids
- Case scenarios
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 172
- Resource person
- Business permit samples

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Ways of involvement (training, regulations, standards)
Government and Business - Ways of involvement (trade promotion, taxation)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain business training programs
- Describe regulations and laws
- Explain role of KEBS

- Study training through KNCCI
- Learn about laws and regulations
- Study role of KEBS in setting standards
- Discuss quality control measures

What regulations does government set for businesses?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 173
- KNCCI information
- KEBS materials
- Regulation examples
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 174
- Trade promotion examples
- KRA information
- Visual aids

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Government and Business - Types of taxes (income, VAT, corporate)
Government and Business - Types of taxes (excise, import/export, stamp, rental)
Government and Business - e-Government services
Government and Business - Need to comply with regulations
Business Plan - Importance of business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define tax
- Explain income tax
- Describe VAT and corporate tax
- Define compliance
- Explain reasons for compliance
- Appreciate importance of following regulations

- Discuss meaning of 'tax'
- Use media to search tax information
- Visit business to learn about taxes
- Study income tax, VAT, corporate tax
- Discuss meaning of compliance
- Study reasons for compliance
- Discuss cost reduction through compliance
- Prepare speech on compliance need

What are the main types of taxes in Kenya?
Why must businesses comply with government regulations?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 175
- Digital resources
- Tax information materials
- Business examples
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 176
- Tax examples
- Visual aids
- Reference materials
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 177
- Case study materials
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 178
- Compliance examples
- Speech preparation materials
- Visual aids
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 180
- Resource person
- Digital devices
- Business plan examples

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation
- Written assignments - Oral presentations - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Components (executive summary, business description)
Business Plan - Components (product/service, market analysis, financial, marketing)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe executive summary
- Explain business description
- Identify key information needed

- Read case study on business plan
- Discuss executive summary content
- Study business description details
- Identify components in case study

What information goes in a business plan?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 181
- Case study materials
- Business plan templates
- Reference materials
- Business plan examples
- Component descriptions
- Visual aids

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Case study analysis

Entrepreneurship

Business Plan - Filling business plan template (Part 1)
Business Plan - Filling business plan template (Part 2)
Business Plan - Filling business plan template (Part 3)
Business Plan - Embracing use of business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Understand business plan template
- Draw template in notebook
- Begin filling executive summary

- Brainstorm on business plan template
- Use media to search for templates
- Draw template in notebook
- Begin completing executive summary

How do we fill in a business plan?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 182
- Business plan templates
- Writing materials
- Sample business plans
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 183
- Template
- Business information
- Market research data
- Financial data
- Marketing strategies
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 185
- Speech materials
- Blank templates
- Entrepreneur contacts

- Practical assessment - Observation - Portfolio