Entrepreneurship

Bookkeeping - Preparing statement of financial position
Income and Budgeting - Sources of income for an individual

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prepare statement of financial position
- List assets and capital with liabilities correctly
- Demonstrate accuracy in preparation

- Study preparation steps from Brian's example
- List assets on left side
- List capital and liabilities on right side
- Ensure both totals are equal
- Complete practice exercise for ABC Groceries
- Submit work for assessment

How do we prepare a statement of financial position?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 125
- Practice exercises
- Calculators
- Blank statement templates
- Business data
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 136
- Charts showing income sources
- Digital devices
- Case study materials
- Reference books

- Practical work - Written assignments - Portfolio assessment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Understanding income sources

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain employment income
- Describe business income
- Identify investment income and other sources

- Study chart showing income sources in detail
- Discuss employment income (salary, wages, allowances)
- Learn about business income (profits from sales)
- Understand investment income (rent, dividends, interest)
- Explore gifts, donations, and government transfers

What are the different categories of income sources?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 137
- Income source charts
- Real-life examples
- Digital resources
- Sample income statements

- Written tests - Oral presentations - Group discussions

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Importance of budgeting
Income and Budgeting - Benefits of budgeting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define budget and budgeting
- Explain importance of budgeting
- Value financial planning

- Discuss pocket money and spending plans
- Search for meaning of budget and budgeting
- Read conversation between Mrs Bundi and children
- Discuss how much family earns and spends
- Explain importance of budgeting

Why is it important to make a budget?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 138
- Budget examples
- Family scenario materials
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 139
- Case study materials
- Charts showing benefits
- Real-life examples
- Digital resources

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral questions

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Ways of spending money wisely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify ways to spend money wisely
- Create tips for wise spending
- Demonstrate financial responsibility

- Study poster made by Grade 8 learners
- Discuss tips on spending money wisely
- Discuss other ways of spending money wisely
- Create quotes on spending money wisely
- Display work in classroom for peer review

What are smart ways to spend money?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 140
- Sample posters
- Manila papers
- Markers
- Digital devices
- Display materials

- Practical work - Portfolio assessment - Peer review

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Preparing a simple budget
Income and Budgeting - Ethical practices in budgeting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prepare a personal budget
- List income and expenses
- Include savings in budget

- Discuss what to consider when preparing budget
- Study Rehema's monthly budget example
- Identify income sources and expenses
- Calculate savings target
- Prepare simple budget for Shs 3,000 shopping money
- Present budget for feedback

How do we prepare a personal budget?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 141
- Sample budgets
- Budget templates
- Calculators
- Practice scenarios
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 142
- Case study materials
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Written assignments - Peer assessment

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Unethical practices to avoid

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify unethical practices in budgeting
- Explain consequences of unethical practices
- Demonstrate commitment to ethical behavior

- Identify unethical practices from case study
- Learn about budgeting beyond means
- Understand dangers of not sticking to budget
- Discuss budgeting from illegal sources
- Learn about saving before spending

What unethical practices should we avoid in budgeting?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 143
- Charts showing practices
- Scenarios
- Discussion materials
- Reference books

- Written tests - Group discussions - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Income and Budgeting - Importance of financial planning
Marketing of Goods and Services - Meaning of market and marketing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain financial planning
- Describe importance of financial planning
- Practice financial goal setting

- Read story about Edwin buying bicycle
- Discuss how financial planning helped Edwin
- Discuss importance of financial planning
- Learn financial planning helps achieve goals
- Understand planning helps manage income effectively

Why is financial planning important in income management?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 144
- Case study materials
- Financial planning examples
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 147
- Scenarios
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written reports

Entrepreneurship

Marketing of Goods and Services - Understanding marketing process

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain advertising
- Describe selling process
- Understand product delivery

- Learn marketing includes advertising, selling, delivery
- Discuss advertising through TV, radio, internet
- Understand selling as exchange for money
- Learn about delivery of products to customers
- Study examples of each marketing activity

What activities are involved in marketing?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 148
- Marketing examples
- Pictures of advertisements
- Digital resources
- Sample marketing materials

- Written tests - Oral presentations - Group discussions

Entrepreneurship

Marketing of Goods and Services - Importance of marketing
Marketing of Goods and Services - Sources of market information

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain importance of marketing
- Identify benefits of marketing to business
- Appreciate role of marketing

- Study pictures showing marketing activities
- Discuss poster offering weekend deals
- Analyze delivery services
- Read flashcards on importance of marketing
- Explain how marketing helps business

Why is marketing important to a business?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 149
- Pictures and posters
- Flashcards
- Marketing examples
- Digital devices
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 150
- Newspaper articles
- Sample surveys
- Social media examples

- Observation - Written assignments - Oral questions

Entrepreneurship

Marketing of Goods and Services - Analyzing market information sources
Marketing of Goods and Services - Factors in selecting markets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Use digital devices to search market information
- Analyze information from customers
- Prepare reports on findings

- Search for market information using digital devices
- Observe school bags classmates use
- Identify improvements students want
- Gather information about market for school bags
- Write summary notes on sources

How can we gather and analyze market information?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 151
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Textbooks
- Sample market research
- Notebooks
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 152
- Case study materials
- Charts showing factors
- Business examples

- Practical work - Written reports - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Marketing of Goods and Services - ICT tools for marketing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify ICT applications for marketing
- Explain how each tool is used
- Select appropriate marketing tools

- Search for ICT applications used in marketing
- Learn about Facebook ads and YouTube advertising
- Study LinkedIn and Instagram for marketing
- Understand TikTok marketing
- Discuss choosing tools based on target customers

What ICT tools can be used to market goods and services?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 153
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Social media examples
- Marketing case studies

- Practical work - Written assignments - Portfolio assessment

Entrepreneurship

Marketing of Goods and Services - Recognizing suitable markets
Distribution of Goods and Services - Meaning and role of intermediaries

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify suitable markets for products
- Match products to appropriate markets
- Demonstrate market selection skills

- Analyze different products and their markets
- Discuss suitability of markets for goods
- Match services to appropriate markets
- Present findings on market selection
- Review market selection criteria

How do we identify suitable markets for different products?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 154
- Product samples
- Market analysis charts
- Digital resources
- Case studies
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 156
- Pictures of distribution
- Charts
- Product examples
- Digital devices

- Written tests - Oral presentations - Practical work

Entrepreneurship

Distribution of Goods and Services - Roles of wholesalers and retailers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain roles of wholesalers
- Describe functions of retailers
- Appreciate importance of intermediaries

- Search for information on intermediary roles
- Study sticky notes on wholesaler roles
- Learn wholesalers break bulk and transport goods
- Understand retailers offer easy access to goods
- Discuss how retailers advise wholesalers

What roles do wholesalers and retailers play in distribution?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 157
- Charts showing roles
- Digital devices
- Case study materials
- Reference books

- Written tests - Oral presentations - Group discussions

Entrepreneurship

Distribution of Goods and Services - Channels for distributing goods
Distribution of Goods and Services - Preparing distribution charts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify different distribution channels
- Explain Channel 1 (direct distribution)
- Describe other channels

- Search for video clips on distribution channels
- Study chart showing different channels
- Learn Channel 1: Producer to Consumer direct
- Understand Channel 2: Producer to Retailer to Consumer
- Study Channel 3 with wholesaler

What are the different channels for distributing goods?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 158
- Distribution charts
- Video clips
- Digital devices
- Business examples
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 159
- Manila papers
- Markers
- Business case studies
- Chart examples

- Observation - Written assignments - Practical work

Entrepreneurship

Distribution of Goods and Services - Case study on distribution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze distribution in case study
- Identify intermediaries used
- Compare different distribution methods

- Read case study about Magadi Soda
- Identify products: soda ash, mineral salts, bottled water
- Analyze channel for each product
- Compare export, wholesale, and retail distribution
- Share findings with classmates

How do different products use different distribution channels?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 160
- Case study materials
- Charts
- Product samples
- Digital resources

- Written tests - Case analysis - Oral presentations

Entrepreneurship

Distribution of Goods and Services - Ethics in distribution
Distribution of Goods and Services - Importance of distribution in community

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify ethical practices in distribution
- Explain unethical practices to avoid
- Value ethical business conduct

- Debate on ethical practices statement
- Study diagram on ethics in distribution
- Identify ethical practices (honesty, quality goods, legal compliance)
- Learn about keeping customer information private
- Discuss avoiding discrimination and corruption

What ethical practices should be followed in distribution?

- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 161
- Debate guidelines
- Ethics diagrams
- Case studies
- Reference materials
- Mentor Pre-Technical Grade 8, pg. 162
- Case study materials
- Community examples
- Charts
- Digital devices

- Debate participation - Written tests - Observation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Types of raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Risks associated with working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of raised platforms used in performing tasks
- Describe the uses of different raised platforms
- Show interest in learning about raised platforms

- Walk around the school to explore types of raised platforms (ladders, trestles, steps, stands, mobile raised platforms, work benches, ramps)
- Brainstorm on the types of raised platforms used in day-to-day life
- Use print or digital media to search for information on types of raised platforms

What types of raised platforms are used in performing tasks?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Pictures and charts of raised platforms
- Actual raised platforms in school environment
- Pictures of people using raised platforms
- Reference books
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 5
- Internet access
- Video clips on platform safety
- Pictures showing accidents

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe ways of minimising risks when working on raised platforms
- Demonstrate safety practices for working on raised platforms
- Value the importance of observing safety measures

- Discuss ways of minimising risks related to working on raised platforms
- Study safety posters on working at heights
- Role-play safety practices for working on raised platforms
- Visit the locality to observe safety precautions taken when working on raised platforms

How can risks be minimised when working on raised platforms?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Safety posters
- Personal protective equipment
- Digital resources
- Raised platforms for demonstration
- Personal protective equipment (helmets, harnesses, gloves, boots)
- Safety nets
- Guardrails
- Manila paper and markers
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 10
- Pictures showing accidents
- Digital devices
- Manila paper for posters
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Practical application and assessment
Safety on raised platforms - Review and consolidation
Handling hazardous substances - Hazardous substances found in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Select appropriate raised platforms for given tasks
- Apply safety practices when working on raised platforms
- Demonstrate competence in safe use of raised platforms

- Identify tasks that require use of raised platforms
- Select appropriate raised platforms for specific tasks
- Demonstrate safe use of raised platforms
- Complete word search activity on raised platforms

How can you safely use raised platforms to perform tasks?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Various raised platforms
- Personal protective equipment
- Task cards
- Assessment rubrics
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Digital devices
- Pictures of hazardous substances
- Video clips
- Samples of labeled hazardous substances

- Practical work - Observation - Written tests - Self-assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Classification of hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Classify hazardous substances into poisonous, flammable and corrosive
- Explain characteristics of each category of hazardous substances
- Appreciate the importance of classifying hazardous substances

- Group hazardous substances into poisonous, flammable or corrosive
- Discuss characteristics of each category
- Use a checklist to classify different hazardous substances
- Create a chart showing classification of hazardous substances

How are hazardous substances classified?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Classification chart
- Pictures of different hazardous substances
- Manila paper
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Practical work - Observation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Safe ways of handling hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Explain the importance of reading labels and manuals
- Show commitment to safe handling practices

- Use print or digital media to search for information on safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Discuss safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Read and interpret instructions on labels of hazardous substances
- Study product labels with safety instructions

Why are hazardous substances labelled?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Product labels and manuals
- Digital devices
- Samples of labeled products
- Safety posters
- Various product labels
- Charts showing safety symbols
- Manila paper
- Markers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Handling hazardous substances safely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Demonstrate safe handling of hazardous substances
- Use personal protective equipment when handling hazardous substances
- Value the importance of safe handling practices

- Practice safe handling of poisonous, flammable and corrosive substances
- Role-play safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Demonstrate wearing appropriate PPE
- Visit the locality to observe safe handling practices

How are hazardous substances handled safely?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 20
- Personal protective equipment
- Sample hazardous substances (properly sealed)
- Digital devices
- Role-play materials

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Oral questions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Handling hazardous substances safely
Handling hazardous substances - Importance of observing safety

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain proper storage of hazardous substances
- Describe safe disposal methods for hazardous substances
- Show responsibility when handling hazardous substances

- Discuss proper storage of hazardous substances
- Learn about safe disposal methods (reduce, reuse, recycle)
- Visit workplaces to observe storage and disposal practices
- Practice safe handling procedures

How should hazardous substances be stored and disposed?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 20
- Storage containers
- Digital devices
- Video clips on disposal methods
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 21
- Pictures showing accidents
- Word search puzzles
- Assessment tools

- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Practical application and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify hazardous substances and their classifications
- Demonstrate safe handling of hazardous substances
- Apply safety measures when handling hazardous substances

- Identify and classify hazardous substances
- Demonstrate safe handling procedures
- Complete assessment activities
- Create safety posters on handling hazardous substances

How can you safely handle hazardous substances in your environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Various hazardous substances (sealed)
- PPE
- Assessment rubrics
- Manila paper

- Practical work - Written tests - Project - Self-assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Review and consolidation
Self-exploration and career development - Ways of nurturing talents and abilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain classification and safe handling of hazardous substances
- Interpret safety information on product labels
- Show commitment to environmental safety

- Review key concepts on handling hazardous substances
- Discuss case scenarios on hazardous substance handling
- Complete assessment activities
- Reflect on learning progress

Why should we observe safety when handling hazardous substances?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Digital resources
- Product labels
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Digital devices
- Charts on talent development
- Reference materials
- Club and society materials

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Career pathways in senior school

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify career pathways offered in senior school
- Relate talents and abilities to career pathways
- Appreciate the importance of career pathways

- Use print or digital media to search for career pathways in senior school
- Make a list of talents and abilities and their corresponding career pathways
- Discuss career pathways (Arts and Sports Science, Social Sciences, STEM)
- Study pictures of learners demonstrating talents

What are the career pathways available in senior school?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Digital devices
- Career pathway charts
- Pictures of various careers
- Reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Practical work - Observation

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Career pathways and career opportunities
Self-exploration and career development - Ethical and unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain career opportunities related to Pre-Technical Studies
- Match talents and abilities to specific careers
- Show interest in exploring career opportunities

- Engage with a resource person on career opportunities
- Discuss career opportunities related to talents in Pre-Technical Studies
- Make presentations on talents and corresponding career opportunities
- Create career opportunity charts

Why is self-exploration necessary for career development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Resource person
- Career brochures
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Career magazines
- Case study materials
- Reference materials
- Discussion guides

- Observation - Oral questions - Presentations - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Choosing careers based on talents
Self-exploration and career development - Review and consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Choose a career based on talents and abilities
- Explain steps for choosing a career
- Value the importance of matching career to talents

- Study steps for choosing a career
- Assess personal skills and interests
- Choose a career based on personal talents and abilities
- Make presentations on career choices
- Complete crossword puzzle on careers

How can you choose a career based on your talents?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Career assessment tools
- Digital devices
- Crossword puzzles
- Presentation materials
- Career guides
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Word search puzzles
- Digital resources

- Presentations - Written tests - Oral questions - Self-assessment - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Characteristics of oblique drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the characteristics of oblique drawings
- Identify oblique drawings in technical fields
- Show interest in learning about oblique projection

- Use print or digital media to search for characteristics of oblique drawings
- Study examples of oblique drawings
- Brainstorm on characteristics of oblique drawings
- Describe oblique drawings using their characteristics

What are the characteristics of oblique drawings?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing instruments
- Digital devices
- Examples of oblique drawings
- Charts showing oblique characteristics

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Practical work

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Characteristics of oblique drawings
Oblique projection - Sketching given drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Distinguish between cabinet and cavalier projection
- Explain features of oblique drawings
- Appreciate the use of oblique projection

- Discuss features of oblique drawings (vertical lines, horizontal lines, receding lines at 45°)
- Study differences between cabinet and cavalier projection
- Observe oblique drawings to understand their characteristics
- Practice identifying oblique drawings

How do oblique drawings show three-dimensional views?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Examples of cabinet and cavalier projections
- Drawing paper
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Squared paper
- Pencils (HB, 2H)
- Plain paper
- Examples of oblique sketches

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation - Practical work

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching given drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Sketch shaped blocks in oblique projection
- Apply proportionality and neatness in sketching
- Value accuracy in technical drawing

- Follow steps to sketch various shaped blocks
- Practice sketching on squared paper
- Maintain proportionality in sketches
- Join endpoints of receding lines correctly

How can shaped blocks be sketched in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Examples of shaped blocks

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching practice
Oblique projection - Drawing with instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Sketch various drawings in oblique projection
- Demonstrate competence in freehand sketching
- Show creativity in oblique drawing

- Practice sketching given drawings in oblique projection
- Sketch on both squared and plain paper
- Display and compare sketches with classmates
- Receive feedback on sketches

How can you improve your sketching skills?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Sample drawings
- Drawing paper
- 45° set square
- Ruler
- HB and 2H pencils
- Pair of compasses

- Practical work - Peer assessment - Portfolio - Observation

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing shaped blocks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw complex shaped blocks in cabinet projection
- Apply correct measurements and dimensions
- Show attention to detail in technical drawing

- Draw front face of shaped block with accurate dimensions
- Draw receding lines at half length for cabinet projection
- Join endpoints correctly to complete the drawing
- Include dimensions on the drawing

How are complex shaped blocks drawn in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Geometrical set (45° set square, ruler, compasses)
- HB and 2H pencils

- Practical work - Observation - Assessment rubrics - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw various shaped blocks with cut-outs
- Mark depths accurately using compasses
- Value precision in technical drawing

- Follow steps to draw shaped blocks with cut-outs
- Use compasses to mark equal depths on receding lines
- Draw horizontal and vertical lines parallel to front face
- Outline completed drawings with HB pencil

How can shaped blocks with cut-outs be drawn accurately?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Pencils (HB, 2H)
- Examples of complex shaped blocks
- Drawing board
- Pencils

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Applications in technical communication

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain applications of oblique projection in technical fields
- Identify uses of oblique drawings in different professions
- Appreciate the importance of oblique projection

- Study pictures showing applications of oblique projection
- Discuss how oblique drawings are used in carpentry and other trades
- Brainstorm on applications in technical communication
- Walk around locality to observe use of oblique drawings

How are oblique drawings used in technical fields?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Pictures of technical drawings
- Digital devices
- Examples from carpentry and construction
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Field notes

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Applications and practice
Oblique projection - Assessment and review

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply oblique projection to solve design problems
- Draw objects from observation in oblique projection
- Show creativity in technical drawing

- Sketch building blocks and furniture in oblique projection
- Draw items found in immediate environment
- Practice drawing from different angles
- Present drawings for feedback

How can oblique projection help in design and communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Drawing instruments
- Sample objects
- Digital devices
- Complete geometrical set
- Assessment rubrics
- Self-reflection checklist

- Practical work - Portfolio - Presentations - Assessment rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain characteristics and applications of oblique projection
- Draw various shaped blocks accurately
- Value the role of oblique projection in technical fields

- Review key concepts on oblique projection
- Complete assessment activities
- Display portfolio of oblique drawings
- Discuss real-world applications

Why is oblique projection important in technical communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Portfolio of drawings
- Assessment tools
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Written tests - Portfolio assessment - Oral questions - Self-assessment