SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Soil Erosion - Introduction and Factors
Types of Soil Erosion by Water - Splash and Sheet

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define soil erosion and its types. Outline factors influencing soil erosion. Explain the difference between geological and accelerated erosion. State the role of human activities in soil erosion.

Exposition of soil erosion concepts. Discussion on erosion factors. Brain storming on human activities causing erosion. Question and answer on erosion types.

Charts showing soil erosion factors. Pictures of eroded areas. Erosion type illustrations. Factor identification guides.
Raindrop impact diagrams. Sheet erosion illustrations. Splash pattern charts. Erosion process demonstrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 158-167

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Types of Soil Erosion by Water - Rill and Gully

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe rill erosion formation. Explain gully erosion development. Identify U-shaped and V-shaped gullies. State processes involved in gully formation.

Brain storming on channel erosion. Discussion on rill to gully progression. Exposition of gully formation processes. Question and answer on gully shapes.

Rill erosion pictures. Gully formation diagrams. U and V-shaped gully illustrations. Channel erosion process charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 167-172

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Wind Erosion and Human Activities
Effects of Soil Erosion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe soil erosion by wind. Explain factors affecting wind erosion. State effects of human activities on soil erosion. Identify areas prone to wind erosion.

Discussion on wind erosion process. Exposition of wind erosion factors. Brief discussion on human impact. Question and answer on susceptible areas.

Wind erosion pictures. Dust storm illustrations. Human activity impact charts. Erosion-prone area maps.
Erosion effect illustrations. Agricultural impact charts. Infrastructure damage pictures. Economic loss examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 167-172

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Riverbank Erosion and Solifluction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe riverbank erosion causes and effects. Explain solifluction erosion process. State control measures for riverbank erosion. Identify factors influencing mass wasting.

Discussion on riverbank erosion. Exposition of solifluction process. Brief discussion on control measures. Question and answer on mass wasting factors.

Riverbank erosion pictures. Solifluction diagrams. Control measure illustrations. Mass wasting factor charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 168-172

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Landslides and Mass Wasting
Methods of Soil and Water Conservation - Biological Control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify types of landslides (slump, debris slide, rock fall). State effects of mass wasting. Explain causes of landslides. Describe prevention measures for mass movements.

Brain storming on landslide types. Discussion on mass wasting effects. Exposition of landslide causes. Brief discussion on prevention measures.

Landslide type illustrations. Mass wasting effect pictures. Cause identification charts. Prevention measure guides.
Conservation method charts. Grass strip illustrations. Contour farming pictures. Mulching demonstration materials.

KLB BK III Pgs 178-183

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Biological Control - Cropping Systems and Afforestation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain cropping systems for conservation. Describe strip cropping methods. State roles of trees in soil conservation. Outline afforestation and reafforestation benefits.

Brain storming on cropping systems. Discussion on strip cropping. Exposition of tree roles in conservation. Brief discussion on afforestation benefits.

Cropping system diagrams. Strip cropping illustrations. Tree conservation role charts. Afforestation benefit guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 183-188

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Physical/Structural Control Measures - Trash Lines and Bunds
Physical Control - Cut-off Drains and Terraces

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe trash lines and stone lines. Explain bund construction and uses. State advantages of structural measures. Identify suitable areas for physical control.

Discussion on trash line construction. Exposition of bund building. Brief discussion on structural advantages. Question and answer on suitable areas.

Trash line construction pictures. Bund construction diagrams. Structural measure illustrations. Area suitability guides.
Cut-off drain diagrams. Terrace type illustrations. Construction procedure charts. Advantage comparison tables.

KLB BK III Pgs 183-188

SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Water Harvesting Methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Cite reasons for conserving water. Outline methods of water harvesting. Describe construction of weirs, dams and ponds. Explain roof catchment and rock catchment systems.

Discussion on water conservation importance. Exposition of harvesting methods. Brief discussion on construction techniques. Question and answer on catchment systems.

Water harvesting method charts. Weir and dam construction diagrams. Roof catchment illustrations. Rock catchment system pictures.

KLB BK III Pgs 188-190

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Weed Identification and Classification
Common Weeds in East Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define a weed and give examples. Identify common weeds using botanical and common names. Classify weeds based on growth cycle (annual, biennial, perennial). Classify weeds based on plant morphology (narrow-leaved, broad-leaved).

Exposition of weed definition concepts. Discussion on weed identification methods. Drawing and labeling common weeds. Brief discussion on classification systems.

Charts showing common weeds. Weed identification guides. Drawing materials for weed illustrations. Classification system charts.
Pictures of common East African weeds. Weed characteristic charts. Competitive ability factor guides. Local weed examples.

KLB BK III Pgs 192-199

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Competitive Ability of Weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors contributing to competitive ability of weeds. Explain weed propagation methods. Describe environmental adaptation of weeds. Discuss weed survival mechanisms.

Discussion on weed competitive factors. Exposition of propagation methods. Brief discussion on environmental adaptation. Question and answer on survival mechanisms.

Weed propagation method charts. Environmental adaptation illustrations. Survival mechanism diagrams. Competitive factor identification guides.

KLB BK III Pgs 200-202

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Harmful Effects of Weeds
More Harmful Effects and Benefits of Weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Highlight harmful effects of weeds on crops. State how weeds reduce crop quality. Explain parasitic effects of weeds. Describe effects on livestock and human health.

Brain storming on weed damage to crops. Discussion on quality reduction effects. Exposition of parasitic weeds (Striga). Brief discussion on health effects.

Weed damage pictures. Crop quality comparison charts. Striga parasitism illustrations. Health effect information guides.
Aquatic weed pictures (water hyacinth). Pasture quality comparison charts. Beneficial weed examples. Food and medicine use illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 166-167

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Chemical Weed Control - Introduction and Mode of Action

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline methods of weed control. Define herbicides and their uses. Explain different modes of action of herbicides. Describe how herbicides kill weeds.

Brain storming on weed control methods. Discussion on herbicide concepts. Exposition of herbicide action modes. Brief discussion on weed killing mechanisms.

Weed control method charts. Herbicide action diagrams. Mode of action illustrations. Herbicide effect demonstrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 203-204

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Classification of Herbicides - Formulation and Application Time
Factors Affecting Selectivity and Effectiveness of Herbicides

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify herbicides by formulation (liquids, wettable powders). Classify herbicides by time of application (pre-emergence, post-emergence). Explain advantages of different formulations. State when to apply different herbicide types.

Discussion on herbicide formulations. Exposition of application timing. Brief discussion on formulation advantages. Question and answer on application timing.

Herbicide formulation examples. Application timing charts. Formulation advantage guides. Timing recommendation tables.
Selectivity factor charts. Effectiveness factor guides. Plant characteristic illustrations. Environmental factor diagrams.

KLB BK III Pgs 205-206

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Herbicide Combinations and Safety Precautions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Give examples of herbicide combinations used in Kenya. State herbicide combinations for different crops. Highlight precautions when using herbicides. Explain safety measures for chemical handling.

Discussion on herbicide combinations for different crops. Exposition of safety precautions. Brief discussion on protective measures. Question and answer on safe handling.

Herbicide combination charts for different crops. Safety precaution guides. Protective equipment illustrations. Safe handling procedure charts.

KLB BK III Pgs 208-209

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

Advantages and Disadvantages of Chemical Control
Mechanical Weed Control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State advantages of using herbicides. Identify disadvantages of chemical weed control. Compare chemical control with other methods. Discuss environmental concerns of herbicide use.

Brain storming on herbicide advantages. Discussion on chemical control disadvantages. Exposition of method comparisons. Brief discussion on environmental effects.

Advantage/disadvantage comparison charts. Method comparison tables. Environmental effect illustrations. Chemical control evaluation guides.
Mechanical control tool pictures. Tillage advantage/disadvantage charts. Method comparison tables. Mechanical technique illustrations.

KLB BK III Pgs 208-209

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL
CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Cultural, Biological and Legislative Control
Definition and classification of crop pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of weed control. Define biological weed control and give examples. Explain legislative methods of weed control. Describe noxious weed laws in Kenya.

Brain storming on cultural control methods. Discussion on biological control examples. Exposition of legislative control. Brief discussion on noxious weed laws.

Cultural control method charts. Biological control examples. Legislative control illustrations. Noxious weed law information.
Pictures of various crop pests, charts showing pest classification and damage

KLB BK III Pgs 210-211

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Field insect pests - biting and chewing
Field insect pests - piercing and sucking
Other field pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify insects with biting and chewing mouth parts. Give examples of biting and chewing pests. Describe damage caused by biting insects. Draw and label mouth parts of a locust.

Examining pictures of biting insects. Drawing and labeling locust mouth parts. Discussion on damage patterns to different plant parts.

Pictures of locusts, army worms, cutworms, bollworms, diagrams of insect mouth parts
Pictures of aphids, scales, thrips, mealy bugs, charts showing disease transmission table
Pictures of mite damage, nematode galls, rodents, bird pests, large animals affecting crops

KLB BK III Pg 177-180

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Storage pests
Legislative and physical pest control methods
Cultural pest control methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify common storage pests affecting stored grain. Describe damage caused by storage pests including weevils and borers. Explain contamination problems caused by rodents. State effects of fungi on stored produce including aflatoxin production.

Discussion on storage problems. Examination of storage pest specimens and damaged grains. Brain storming on storage pest prevention.

Storage pest specimens, damaged grain samples, pictures of various storage pests
Government quarantine documents, thermometers, charts showing physical control methods
Charts showing crop rotation cycles, pictures of trap crops, resistant variety samples, clean seeds

KLB BK III Pg 186-187

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Chemical pest control
Biological pest control and crop disease introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Classify pesticides according to formulation, target pests, and mode of action. Explain factors affecting pesticide efficiency including concentration and timing. State advantages and disadvantages of chemical control. Define integrated pest management.

Exposition of pesticide classification. Discussion on application factors. Brain storming on pesticide advantages and disadvantages.

Sample pesticide containers, charts showing pesticide classification, application equipment
Pictures of beneficial insects, predator-prey relationship charts, diseased plant samples

KLB BK III Pg 192-195

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Fungal diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of fungi as disease-causing agents. Classify parasitic fungi into main groups. Explain late blight disease of potatoes and tomatoes. Describe rust and smut diseases of cereals.

Exposition of fungal characteristics and classification. Discussion on major fungal diseases. Examination of infected plant specimens.

Pictures of fungal structures, infected potato leaves, rusted plants, smut-infected crops

KLB BK III Pg 197-201

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Coffee berry disease and other fungal diseases
Viral diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Explain coffee berry disease symptoms, conditions favoring infection, and control methods. Identify other common fungal diseases including powdery mildew and fusarium wilt. Compare different fungal disease symptoms and control strategies.

Case study of coffee berry disease. Discussion on disease conditions and control. Examination of infected coffee berries and other specimens.

Pictures of infected coffee berries, charts showing disease cycle, fungal disease specimens
Pictures of mosaic-infected plants, charts showing viral transmission, infected cassava and tobacco samples

KLB BK III Pg 201-203

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Bacterial diseases and nutritional disorders

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe characteristics of bacteria as facultative parasites. Explain bacterial blight of coffee symptoms and control. Identify symptoms of nutritional disorders in crops. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic disease causes.

Discussion on bacterial disease characteristics. Case study of bacterial blight. Brain storming on nutrient deficiency symptoms and other abiotic causes.

Pictures of bacterial-infected plants, nutrient-deficient plants, charts showing various disease symptoms

KLB BK III Pg 204-206

CROP PESTS AND DISEASES

Cultural control of crop diseases
Chemical and legislative control of diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify cultural methods of disease control including field hygiene and clean planting materials. Explain proper spacing, heat treatment, and crop rotation for disease control. Describe use of disease-resistant varieties. State advantages of cultural disease control.

Brain storming on cultural disease control methods. Discussion on hygiene importance and resistant varieties. Demonstration of proper spacing principles.

Charts showing cultural control methods, disease-resistant variety samples, clean farming tools
Fungicide samples, spraying equipment, government regulation documents, integrated management charts

KLB BK III Pg 206-207

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Composition of an egg
Incubation of eggs - Selection characteristics
Egg candling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify parts of an egg. Describe the parts of an egg. Explain the functions of each part of an egg.

Drawing and labeling an egg diagram. Breaking an egg to examine its internal structure. Detailed discussion on each part's function. Group work comparing different egg types. Practical examination of shell thickness and porosity.

Eggs, Chart showing parts of an egg, Drawing materials, Magnifying glass, Rulers for measurement
Eggs of various conditions, Weighing scale, Measuring tools, Record sheets, Selection criteria charts
Cardboard boxes, Torch, Electric bulb, Candles, Dark room setup, Observation sheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 1-2

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Natural incubation
Artificial incubation - Conditions
Management of an incubator

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State merits and demerits of natural incubation. Identify management practices of natural incubation. Describe signs of broodiness in hens. Explain preparation of nesting boxes for broody hens.

Q/A on natural incubation signs and management. Discussion on advantages and disadvantages. Practical demonstration of nesting box preparation. Role-play managing broody hens. Setting up proper nesting environment with appropriate materials. Problem-solving scenarios for natural incubation challenges.

Nesting box, Nesting materials (dry grass, sawdust), Debe containers, Sample nest setups, Broody hen management guides
Artificial incubator model, Thermometer, Water trays, Ventilation materials, Damp cloths, Eggs for turning
Incubator, Disinfectants, Cleaning materials, Management record sheets, Timer, Cost comparison charts

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 5-6

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Sources of chicks and brooding introduction
Artificial brooding - Requirements and preparation
Brooder management and chick care

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify reputable sources of day-old chicks in Kenya. List factors to consider when sourcing chicks. Define the term brooding. Explain the importance of proper brooding.

Research activity on chick suppliers (Muguku, Lake Chicks, Kenchick, Stockplan, Sigma). Group presentations on sourcing factors (reputation, time, breed, size, health). Discussion on brooding as critical period in poultry management. Problem-solving chick sourcing challenges. Creating sourcing checklist for farmers.

List of chick suppliers in Kenya, Transport cost charts, Chick quality assessment guides, Presentation materials
Artificial brooder, Heat sources (electric bulbs, charcoal burner), Wire guards, Thermometer, Newspapers, Litter materials, Feeders, Waterers
Chick mash samples, Feeders, Waterers, Vaccination charts, Behavior observation sheets, Feed calculation worksheets, Thermometer

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 6-7

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Rearing of growers, layers and broilers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Discuss rearing of growers, layers and broilers. Compare feeding requirements for different bird categories. Calculate feed consumption and space requirements. Plan transition from brooder to grower stage.

Exposition and probing questions on different rearing stages. Discussion on grower mash (16-17% D.C.P.) vs layer mash (14-16% D.C.P.) vs broiler feeds. Practical calculation of daily feed requirements (120g per layer). Problem-solving feeding program transitions. Creating management schedules for different bird categories. Space calculation exercises.

Feed samples (grower, layer, broiler mash), Calculators, Rearing comparison charts, Feed calculation worksheets, Space requirement guides

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 10-12

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Free range rearing system
Fold system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State factors considered when choosing a rearing system. Identify requirements for free-range system. State merits and demerits of free range system. Calculate stocking density (not exceeding 1000 birds per hectare).

Q/A on system selection factors (land, topography, labor, capital, security, market, knowledge). Discussion on free range requirements - land size, fencing, runs, movable houses. Practical calculation of land needs (100 birds need 0.4 hectare). Cost-benefit analysis comparing with other systems. Problem-solving free range management challenges.

Free range system charts, Measuring tape, Calculators, Fencing materials samples, Land calculation worksheets, Cost comparison sheets
Fold design materials, Wire mesh samples, Measuring tools, Construction planning sheets, Calculators, Model building materials

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 12-15

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Deep litter system

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the requirements for deep litter system. State merits and demerits of deep litter systems. Calculate space requirements (1 sq m per 2-3 birds). Plan litter management and house specifications.

Q/A and discussion on deep litter system requirements. Practical demonstration of litter preparation (15-30cm deep) using sawdust, wood shavings. Calculation of space allocation and bird density. Design of house layout with proper ventilation (60-90cm opening above ground). Problem-solving litter management challenges including moisture control and turning.

Deep litter materials (sawdust, wood shavings, crushed maize cobs), House design materials, Calculators, Ventilation planning guides, Moisture control charts

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 16-18

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Battery cage system
Factors affecting egg production - Stress

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe the requirements for battery cage system. Calculate cage specifications and arrangements. Compare battery system with other systems. Design cage layout with proper spacing (0.2 square meter per bird).

Q/A and discussion on battery cage principles and intensive management. Practical measurement and design of cage dimensions (45cm wide, 45cm high, 57.5cm deep). Calculation exercises for tier arrangements (3-6 tiers) and bird capacity. Drawing scaled cage arrangements with feeding and watering systems. Cost analysis comparing initial investment with returns. Problem-solving cage management and mechanization issues.

Battery cage models, Wire mesh samples, Measuring equipment, Calculators, Cage design worksheets, Cost analysis sheets
Stress identification charts, Case study materials, Management planning sheets, Emergency procedure guides, Poultry behavior observation sheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 18-19

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Vices in poultry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Identify causes of vices such as egg eating and cannibalism. Explain measures taken to control vices. Demonstrate debeaking procedures. Plan vice prevention programs.

Discussion on causes and control of egg eating (broken eggs, bright lights, idleness, inadequate nests, mineral deficiency). Analysis of cannibalism causes (parasites, overcrowding, bright light, prolapse, mineral deficiency, new birds). Demonstration of debeaking procedures using models. Problem-solving vice prevention strategies. Creating management plans to eliminate vice-causing conditions.

Charts showing poultry vices and symptoms, Debeaking equipment models, Vice prevention planning sheets, Case study examples, Control measure guides

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 20-22

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)

Culling birds
Marketing eggs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Define the term culling. Give reasons for culling of birds. Identify characteristics of good and poor layers. Demonstrate proper culling procedures and record keeping.

Brain storming on culling importance and economic benefits. Practical observation and identification of characteristics of good layers vs poor layers. Discussion on culling criteria (production records, physical examination, behavior). Record keeping for culling decisions and flock improvement. Problem-solving culling schedules and replacement planning. Cost-benefit analysis of culling programs.

Live birds for observation (if available), Culling record sheets, Production record examples, Culling criteria charts, Cost-benefit calculation sheets
Eggs of various sizes and quality, Egg trays (30-egg capacity), Egg boxes, Grading equipment, Calculators, Market price analysis sheets, Packaging cost worksheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Page 22

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION V (POULTRY)
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VI (CATTLE)

Processing chicken meat
Raising of the young stock - Colostrum

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Outline methods of killing a bird (neck dislocation, sharp knife). Describe dressing of a bird's carcass. Explain proper slaughtering procedures with 12-hour starvation. Demonstrate packaging for market sale.

Topic review and teacher's demonstrations of humane killing methods. Practical demonstration of neck dislocation and knife cutting techniques using models. Step-by-step carcass dressing procedures (plucking, singeing, removing neck and crop, organ removal). Discussion on food safety, hygiene standards, and packaging in polythene bags. Problem-solving processing challenges and quality control. Cost calculation for processing operations and profit margins.

Demonstration models, Processing equipment models, Sharp knives (demonstration only), Safety and hygiene materials, Packaging materials, Processing cost calculation sheets
Artificial colostrum materials, Mixing equipment, Feeding bottles, Record sheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 23-25

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VI (CATTLE)

Methods of calf rearing
Weaning of calves
Calf housing and replacement stock

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State merits and demerits of natural and artificial methods of calf rearing. Demonstrate bucket feeding training procedures.

Q/A comparing natural vs artificial calf rearing methods. Practical demonstration of bucket feeding training procedure. Cost-benefit analysis and problem-solving for method selection.

Rearing method charts, Clean buckets, Training demonstration materials, Cost analysis sheets
Weaning guide charts (Tables 2.1 & 2.2), Feed samples, Calculators, Planning worksheets
Calf house models, Design materials, Measuring tools, Management planning sheets

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 22-24

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VI (CATTLE)

Routine management practices
Factors affecting milk composition
Milk secretion and let-down

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Analyze routine management practices in calf rearing. Plan parasite and disease control programs. Explain vaccination schedules.

Q/A on routine practices including parasite control, disease prevention, castration, identification, and dehorning. Practical planning of management schedules and vaccination programs.

Management demonstration materials, Vaccination charts, Identification tools, Practice schedules
Milk composition charts, Breed comparison tables, Analysis worksheets
Udder structure charts, Anatomical models, Drawing materials, Hormone function diagrams

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 27-28

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VI (CATTLE)

Clean milk production
Milking materials and equipment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
State characteristics of clean milk. Outline essentials of clean milk production.

Q/A on clean milk characteristics. Detailed exposition on production essentials: healthy herd, clean cows, clean milkman, clean facilities, clean utensils. Planning comprehensive quality programs.

Clean milk checklists, Hygiene demonstration materials, Quality standards charts
Milking equipment (strip cup, buckets, udder cloths, milking jelly), Maintenance guides

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 32-34

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VI (CATTLE)

Milking procedure and technique
Dry cow therapy and milk processing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Carry out milking using correct procedure and technique. Outline rules observed when milking.

Practical demonstration of proper hand milking technique. Discussion on milking rules and timing. Post-milking practices including weighing, recording, and cleaning.

Live cow (if available), Milking equipment, Stopwatch, Record sheets, Technique guides
Dry cow therapy materials, Milk product samples, Processing demonstration equipment

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 36-37

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VI (CATTLE)

Marketing of milk and beef

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe marketing of milk, beef and their by-products in Kenya. Identify marketing channels. Calculate marketing costs.

Discussion on milk marketing through cooperatives and processors. Analysis of beef marketing channels (KMC, LMD, local slaughter houses). Cost-benefit calculations for different marketing options.

Marketing channel charts, Processor information, Cost analysis worksheets, Calculators

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 38-40

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VI (CATTLE)

Milk handling and quality control
Dairy enterprise planning

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Describe proper milk filtration, cooling and storage. Explain prevention of milk flavors.

Practical demonstration of milk filtration and cooling to 5°C. Discussion on avoiding bad flavors from feeds and oxidation. Planning quality control systems.

Filters, Cooling equipment, Thermometers, Feed samples, Quality control materials
Enterprise planning templates, Cost worksheets, Business plan formats, Calculators

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 33-34

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION VI (CATTLE)

Record keeping and management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
Design record keeping systems for dairy operations. Analyze production records for decision making.

Discussion on record importance. Practical design of breeding, production, health, and financial records. Analysis of sample data for management decisions.

Record forms, Sample data, Analysis worksheets, Filing systems

KLB Secondary Agriculture Form 4, Pages 21-40