Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Types of raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of raised platforms used in performing tasks
- Describe the uses of different raised platforms
- Show interest in learning about raised platforms

- Walk around the school to explore types of raised platforms (ladders, trestles, steps, stands, mobile raised platforms, work benches, ramps)
- Brainstorm on the types of raised platforms used in day-to-day life
- Use print or digital media to search for information on types of raised platforms

What types of raised platforms are used in performing tasks?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Pictures and charts of raised platforms
- Actual raised platforms in school environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Types of raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how raised platforms help people perform tasks
- Classify raised platforms according to their uses
- Appreciate the role of raised platforms in different environments

- Study pictures showing people using different raised platforms
- Discuss how different types of raised platforms are being used
- Mention how raised platforms are used in the locality
- Visit various areas around school where raised platforms are used

How do raised platforms help people perform tasks safely?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Digital devices
- Pictures of people using raised platforms
- Reference books

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Risks associated with working on raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Safety practices when working on raised platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify risks associated with working on raised platforms
- Explain causes of accidents when using raised platforms
- Show awareness of safety when working at heights
- Describe ways of minimising risks when working on raised platforms
- Demonstrate safety practices for working on raised platforms
- Value the importance of observing safety measures

- Study pictures showing accidents involving raised platforms
- Discuss possible causes of the accidents
- Use print or digital media to search for information on risks associated with working on raised platforms
- Watch video on raised platform safety
- Discuss ways of minimising risks related to working on raised platforms
- Study safety posters on working at heights
- Role-play safety practices for working on raised platforms
- Visit the locality to observe safety precautions taken when working on raised platforms

What are the risks associated with working on raised platforms?
How can risks be minimised when working on raised platforms?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 5
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips on platform safety
- Pictures showing accidents
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 7
- Safety posters
- Personal protective equipment
- Digital resources
- Raised platforms for demonstration
- Personal protective equipment (helmets, harnesses, gloves, boots)
- Safety nets
- Guardrails
- Manila paper and markers

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Practical work - Oral questions - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms
Safety on raised platforms - Practical application and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of observing safety while working on raised platforms
- Analyse consequences of failure to observe safety
- Embrace safe work practices at all times

- Study pictures showing consequences of failing to observe safety
- Discuss how failing to observe safety affects people directly or indirectly
- Visit community workplaces to observe safety practices
- Develop safety measures posters for the community

What is the importance of observing safety when working on raised platforms?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 10
- Pictures showing accidents
- Digital devices
- Manila paper for posters
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Various raised platforms
- Personal protective equipment
- Task cards
- Assessment rubrics

- Written tests - Observation - Oral questions - Project

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Safety on raised platforms - Review and consolidation
Handling hazardous substances - Hazardous substances found in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of raised platforms and their uses
- Explain risks and safety practices for working on raised platforms
- Value safety as a priority when working at heights

- Review key concepts on safety on raised platforms
- Discuss real-life scenarios involving raised platforms
- Complete assessment activities
- Reflect on learning progress

Why is it important to observe safety while working on raised platforms?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 1
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Digital resources
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Digital devices
- Pictures of hazardous substances
- Video clips
- Samples of labeled hazardous substances

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Portfolio assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Classification of hazardous substances
Handling hazardous substances - Safe ways of handling hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Classify hazardous substances into poisonous, flammable and corrosive
- Explain characteristics of each category of hazardous substances
- Appreciate the importance of classifying hazardous substances
- Describe safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Explain the importance of reading labels and manuals
- Show commitment to safe handling practices

- Group hazardous substances into poisonous, flammable or corrosive
- Discuss characteristics of each category
- Use a checklist to classify different hazardous substances
- Create a chart showing classification of hazardous substances
- Use print or digital media to search for information on safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Discuss safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Read and interpret instructions on labels of hazardous substances
- Study product labels with safety instructions

How are hazardous substances classified?
Why are hazardous substances labelled?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Classification chart
- Pictures of different hazardous substances
- Manila paper
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Product labels and manuals
- Digital devices
- Samples of labeled products
- Safety posters

- Oral questions - Written tests - Practical work - Observation
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Safe ways of handling hazardous substances

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify safety symbols on product labels
- Interpret hazard statements and precautionary statements
- Apply knowledge of labels when handling hazardous substances

- Study and identify symbols on hazardous substance labels
- Discuss meaning of different safety symbols
- Interpret product labels (product identifier, signal words, hazard statements, precautionary statements)
- Create product labels for given substances

What information is found on product labels?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Various product labels
- Charts showing safety symbols
- Manila paper
- Markers

- Written tests - Practical work - Oral questions - Project

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Handling hazardous substances safely

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Demonstrate safe handling of hazardous substances
- Use personal protective equipment when handling hazardous substances
- Value the importance of safe handling practices

- Practice safe handling of poisonous, flammable and corrosive substances
- Role-play safe ways of handling hazardous substances
- Demonstrate wearing appropriate PPE
- Visit the locality to observe safe handling practices

How are hazardous substances handled safely?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 20
- Personal protective equipment
- Sample hazardous substances (properly sealed)
- Digital devices
- Role-play materials
- Storage containers
- Video clips on disposal methods
- Reference materials

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Oral questions

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Importance of observing safety
Handling hazardous substances - Practical application and assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of observing safety when handling hazardous substances
- Analyse consequences of improper handling
- Embrace safe practices in daily life
- Identify hazardous substances and their classifications
- Demonstrate safe handling of hazardous substances
- Apply safety measures when handling hazardous substances

- Study pictures showing consequences of improper handling
- Discuss importance of observing safety when handling hazardous substances
- Discuss how proper handling protects people and environment
- Complete word search activity
- Identify and classify hazardous substances
- Demonstrate safe handling procedures
- Complete assessment activities
- Create safety posters on handling hazardous substances

Why is it important to handle hazardous substances safely?
How can you safely handle hazardous substances in your environment?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 21
- Pictures showing accidents
- Digital devices
- Word search puzzles
- Assessment tools
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Various hazardous substances (sealed)
- PPE
- Assessment rubrics
- Manila paper

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation - Portfolio assessment
- Practical work - Written tests - Project - Self-assessment

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Handling hazardous substances - Review and consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain classification and safe handling of hazardous substances
- Interpret safety information on product labels
- Show commitment to environmental safety

- Review key concepts on handling hazardous substances
- Discuss case scenarios on hazardous substance handling
- Complete assessment activities
- Reflect on learning progress

Why should we observe safety when handling hazardous substances?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 18
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Digital resources
- Product labels

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Checklist

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Ways of nurturing talents and abilities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain ways of nurturing talents and abilities
- Identify personal talents and abilities
- Show interest in developing talents and abilities

- Discuss ways of nurturing talents and abilities
- Display talents and abilities through clubs and societies
- Brainstorm on how talents can be nurtured for business purposes
- Practice personal talents with peers

How are talents and abilities nurtured?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Digital devices
- Charts on talent development
- Reference materials
- Club and society materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical demonstration - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Career pathways in senior school
Self-exploration and career development - Career pathways and career opportunities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify career pathways offered in senior school
- Relate talents and abilities to career pathways
- Appreciate the importance of career pathways
- Explain career opportunities related to Pre-Technical Studies
- Match talents and abilities to specific careers
- Show interest in exploring career opportunities

- Use print or digital media to search for career pathways in senior school
- Make a list of talents and abilities and their corresponding career pathways
- Discuss career pathways (Arts and Sports Science, Social Sciences, STEM)
- Study pictures of learners demonstrating talents
- Engage with a resource person on career opportunities
- Discuss career opportunities related to talents in Pre-Technical Studies
- Make presentations on talents and corresponding career opportunities
- Create career opportunity charts

What are the career pathways available in senior school?
Why is self-exploration necessary for career development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Digital devices
- Career pathway charts
- Pictures of various careers
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Resource person
- Career brochures
- Digital devices
- Manila paper
- Career magazines

- Oral questions - Written tests - Practical work - Observation
- Observation - Oral questions - Presentations - Written assignments

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Ethical and unethical practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify ethical and unethical practices related to use of talents
- Analyse case scenarios on ethical and unethical practices
- Show commitment to ethical practices

- Read and discuss case scenarios on ethical and unethical practices
- Analyse ethical practices demonstrated by individuals
- Discuss unethical practices and their consequences
- Brainstorm on ethical use of talents and abilities

What are ethical and unethical practices in career development?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Case study materials
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Discussion guides

- Written tests - Oral questions - Group discussions - Case study analysis

Foundations of Pre-Technical Studies

Self-exploration and career development - Choosing careers based on talents
Self-exploration and career development - Review and consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Choose a career based on talents and abilities
- Explain steps for choosing a career
- Value the importance of matching career to talents

- Study steps for choosing a career
- Assess personal skills and interests
- Choose a career based on personal talents and abilities
- Make presentations on career choices
- Complete crossword puzzle on careers

How can you choose a career based on your talents?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 38
- Career assessment tools
- Digital devices
- Crossword puzzles
- Presentation materials
- Career guides
- Assessment tools
- Self-reflection checklist
- Word search puzzles
- Digital resources

- Presentations - Written tests - Oral questions - Self-assessment - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Characteristics of oblique drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the characteristics of oblique drawings
- Identify oblique drawings in technical fields
- Show interest in learning about oblique projection
- Distinguish between cabinet and cavalier projection
- Explain features of oblique drawings
- Appreciate the use of oblique projection

- Use print or digital media to search for characteristics of oblique drawings
- Study examples of oblique drawings
- Brainstorm on characteristics of oblique drawings
- Describe oblique drawings using their characteristics
- Discuss features of oblique drawings (vertical lines, horizontal lines, receding lines at 45°)
- Study differences between cabinet and cavalier projection
- Observe oblique drawings to understand their characteristics
- Practice identifying oblique drawings

What are the characteristics of oblique drawings?
How do oblique drawings show three-dimensional views?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing instruments
- Digital devices
- Examples of oblique drawings
- Charts showing oblique characteristics
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Examples of cabinet and cavalier projections
- Drawing paper
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments - Practical work
- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation - Practical work

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching given drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Sketch simple objects in oblique projection without instruments
- Follow steps for sketching oblique drawings
- Show interest in sketching oblique drawings

- Study steps for drawing a cube in oblique projection
- Sketch drawings in oblique projection using squared paper
- Practice sketching without using instruments
- Draw front face and receding lines at 45°

How are oblique drawings sketched without instruments?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Pencils (HB, 2H)
- Plain paper
- Examples of oblique sketches

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching given drawings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Sketch shaped blocks in oblique projection
- Apply proportionality and neatness in sketching
- Value accuracy in technical drawing

- Follow steps to sketch various shaped blocks
- Practice sketching on squared paper
- Maintain proportionality in sketches
- Join endpoints of receding lines correctly

How can shaped blocks be sketched in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Examples of shaped blocks

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Sketching practice
Oblique projection - Drawing with instruments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Sketch various drawings in oblique projection
- Demonstrate competence in freehand sketching
- Show creativity in oblique drawing
- Draw shaped blocks using geometrical instruments
- Use 45° set square correctly
- Appreciate the importance of accurate drawing

- Practice sketching given drawings in oblique projection
- Sketch on both squared and plain paper
- Display and compare sketches with classmates
- Receive feedback on sketches
- Study steps for drawing a cuboid in oblique projection
- Use drawing instruments to draw the front face
- Draw receding lines at 45° using set square
- Practice drawing with correct dimensions

How can you improve your sketching skills?
How are geometrical instruments used in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Squared paper
- Plain paper
- Pencils
- Sample drawings
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- 45° set square
- Ruler
- HB and 2H pencils
- Pair of compasses

- Practical work - Peer assessment - Portfolio - Observation
- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Assessment rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing shaped blocks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw complex shaped blocks in cabinet projection
- Apply correct measurements and dimensions
- Show attention to detail in technical drawing

- Draw front face of shaped block with accurate dimensions
- Draw receding lines at half length for cabinet projection
- Join endpoints correctly to complete the drawing
- Include dimensions on the drawing

How are complex shaped blocks drawn in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Geometrical set (45° set square, ruler, compasses)
- HB and 2H pencils

- Practical work - Observation - Assessment rubrics - Portfolio

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Drawing practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw various shaped blocks with cut-outs
- Mark depths accurately using compasses
- Value precision in technical drawing

- Follow steps to draw shaped blocks with cut-outs
- Use compasses to mark equal depths on receding lines
- Draw horizontal and vertical lines parallel to front face
- Outline completed drawings with HB pencil

How can shaped blocks with cut-outs be drawn accurately?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Pencils (HB, 2H)
- Examples of complex shaped blocks
- Drawing board
- Pencils

- Practical work - Observation - Checklist - Portfolio assessment

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Applications in technical communication
Oblique projection - Applications and practice

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain applications of oblique projection in technical fields
- Identify uses of oblique drawings in different professions
- Appreciate the importance of oblique projection
- Apply oblique projection to solve design problems
- Draw objects from observation in oblique projection
- Show creativity in technical drawing

- Study pictures showing applications of oblique projection
- Discuss how oblique drawings are used in carpentry and other trades
- Brainstorm on applications in technical communication
- Walk around locality to observe use of oblique drawings
- Sketch building blocks and furniture in oblique projection
- Draw items found in immediate environment
- Practice drawing from different angles
- Present drawings for feedback

How are oblique drawings used in technical fields?
How can oblique projection help in design and communication?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Pictures of technical drawings
- Digital devices
- Examples from carpentry and construction
- Reference materials
- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Drawing instruments
- Sample objects
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests - Field notes
- Practical work - Portfolio - Presentations - Assessment rubrics

Communication in Pre-Technical Studies

Oblique projection - Assessment and review
Oblique projection - Consolidation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Draw shaped blocks in oblique projection accurately
- Apply characteristics of oblique drawings
- Demonstrate competence in technical drawing

- Complete practical assessment on oblique projection
- Draw given shaped blocks with accurate dimensions
- Include proper line work and dimensioning
- Reflect on learning progress

How well can you draw in oblique projection?

- Spotlight Pre-Technical Studies Learner's Book Grade 9 pg. 53
- Drawing paper
- Complete geometrical set
- Assessment rubrics
- Self-reflection checklist
- Portfolio of drawings
- Assessment tools
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Practical assessment - Portfolio review - Self-reflection - Written tests