Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Methods of soil conservation in the agricultural environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe methods of soil conservation in the agricultural environment
- Name the common methods of soil conservation
- Show interest in learning about soil conservation measures

- Use digital or print media to search for information on methods of conserving soil in the agricultural environment
- Study photographs showing methods of soil conservation
- Discuss and take notes of the information found
- Share findings with the class about soil conservation methods

How can we conserve soil in the agricultural environment?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 1
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Photographs showing soil conservation methods

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding strip cropping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how strip cropping conserves soil
- Identify crops suitable for strip cropping
- Appreciate the role of strip cropping in soil conservation

- Explore the school environment to identify places requiring soil conservation
- Study strip cropping as a method of soil conservation
- Discuss how strip cropping prevents the displacement of soil
- Take photographs of soil conservation activities

Why is strip cropping an effective soil conservation method?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 2
- Digital camera/smartphone
- Charts showing strip cropping

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding grassed waterways

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what grassed waterways are
- Describe how grassed waterways conserve soil
- Show curiosity in learning about grassed waterways

- Visit a place where soil conservation is practiced
- Identify the soil conservation activities carried out
- Share observations about grassed waterways
- Suggest soil conservation activities for the school environment

How do grassed waterways prevent soil erosion?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 3
- Digital camera/smartphone
- Charts showing grassed waterways

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding stone lines
Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding trash lines
Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding soil bunds
Soil Conservation Measures - Making stone lines
Soil Conservation Measures - Making trash lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what stone lines are
- Describe how stone lines conserve soil
- Value the use of locally available materials in soil conservation

- Demonstrate how to make stone lines
- Apply knowledge of stone lines to conserve soil
- Show responsibility in conserving soil

- Study how stone lines are made
- Discuss how stone lines reduce the speed of surface run-off
- Explore potential sites for implementing stone lines
- Share observations with the class
- Collect stones for making stone lines
- Carry stones to the garden experiencing soil loss
- Pile stones along a contour
- Maintain the stone lines by checking and repairing regularly

How do stone lines help to conserve soil?
How can we make stone lines to conserve soil in the school environment?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 3
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Photographs showing stone lines
- Photographs showing trash lines
- Charts
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 4
- Photographs showing soil bunds
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 4
- Stones
- Wheelbarrow
- Garden gloves
- Gumboots
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 5
- Dry plant materials
- Strong sticks

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Practical assessment - Observation - Project work

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Constructing a farm model showing soil conservation measures
Soil Conservation Measures - Displaying and explaining the farm model

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan the layout of a farm model
- Demonstrate creativity in making a farm model
- Collaborate with others in constructing a farm model

- Discuss the layout of a farm model
- Assign responsibilities to group members
- Sketch and design the farm model
- Present the design for feedback
- Make adjustments based on feedback

How can we use a farm model to demonstrate soil conservation measures?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 6
- Cartons
- Cardboards
- Small stones
- Soil
- Papier-mâché
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 7
- Constructed farm model
- Display area

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Ways of storing harvested water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe ways of storing harvested water for domestic use
- Identify common water storage methods
- Appreciate the importance of proper water storage

- Search for information on how harvested water can be stored for domestic use
- Study photographs showing water storage methods
- Discuss and make summary notes
- Share findings with the class

How can we store harvested water for domestic purposes?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 11
- Digital devices
- Print media with information on water storage
- Photographs showing water storage methods

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Shallow water pans
Water Harvesting and Storage - Water ponds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how shallow water pans are used to store water
- Identify suitable locations for shallow water pans
- Value the role of shallow water pans in water conservation

- Explain how water ponds are used to store water
- Identify suitable locations for water ponds
- Show interest in water harvesting using ponds

- Explore the school environment
- Identify areas where water can be harvested
- Discuss how shallow water pans can be constructed and maintained
- Make presentations on water harvesting initiatives
- Explore the school environment
- Identify areas where water ponds can be constructed
- Discuss how water ponds can be constructed and maintained
- Make presentations on water harvesting initiatives

What factors should be considered when constructing shallow water pans?
How can water ponds be effective in harvesting and storing water?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 12
- Photographs showing shallow water pans
- School environment
- Digital resources
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 12
- Photographs showing water ponds
- School environment
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Water containers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how various containers are used to store water
- Identify suitable containers for water storage
- Value the importance of proper container selection

- Explore the school environment
- Identify types of containers used for water storage
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of different containers
- Make presentations on appropriate container selection

What makes a container suitable for water storage?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 12
- Various water containers
- Photographs
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Installing water tanks
Water Harvesting and Storage - Constructing water ponds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the process of installing a water tank
- Participate in water tank installation or maintenance
- Show responsibility in water harvesting

- Plan the installation of a water tank
- Participate in installing or cleaning water tanks
- Ensure water tanks are protected from damage
- Use harvested water for appropriate purposes

How can we properly install and maintain water tanks?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 13
- Water tank or container
- Tools for installation
- Cleaning materials
- Tools for digging
- Protective clothing
- School environment

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Constructing water pans
Water Harvesting and Storage - Maintaining water harvesting structures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to construct a water pan
- Participate in water pan construction or maintenance
- Show responsibility in water conservation

- Explain the importance of maintaining water harvesting structures
- Carry out maintenance practices for water harvesting structures
- Show responsibility in water conservation

- Clear vegetation for water pan construction
- Mark out dimensions of the water pan
- Participate in digging or repairing a water pan
- Keep the surrounding environment clean
- Check water collection structures regularly
- Repair leaks and clean containers
- Protect water harvesting structures
- Keep areas around water storage structures clean

How can we construct water pans to effectively harvest and store water?
How can we effectively maintain water harvesting and storage structures?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 14
- Tools for digging
- Protective clothing
- School environment
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 14
- Water harvesting structures
- Cleaning materials
- Repair tools

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation
- Practical assessment - Observation - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Water harvesting and storage initiatives

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify water harvesting and storage initiatives for the school
- Implement water harvesting initiatives
- Show responsibility in harvesting and storing water

- Brainstorm on possible water harvesting initiatives
- Outline roles in implementation of initiatives
- Make class presentations on initiatives
- Create an action plan for water harvesting

How can we implement effective water harvesting and storage initiatives in our school?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 15
- School environment
- Chart papers
- Markers

- Observation - Oral presentations - Project plans

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Role of kitchen and backyard gardens
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Food production through kitchen and backyard gardening

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of kitchen and backyard garden in food production
- Distinguish between kitchen and backyard gardens
- Value the importance of home food production

- Use digital or print resources to search for information on kitchen and backyard gardens
- Study the characteristics of kitchen and backyard gardens
- Discuss the roles of kitchen and backyard gardens
- Share findings with the class

How does kitchen garden contribute to food production?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 17
- Digital devices
- Print resources
- Photographs showing kitchen and backyard gardens
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 18
- Digital resources
- Charts showing benefits of kitchen gardens

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Preparing a garden for planting
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Establishing crops in kitchen or backyard garden

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan for the preparation of a kitchen or backyard garden
- Select suitable planting site and containers
- Show interest in establishing a kitchen or backyard garden

- Demonstrate how to prepare and plant a kitchen or backyard garden
- Select appropriate crops for the garden
- Show responsibility in garden preparation

- Discuss how to prepare a garden
- Select a suitable garden type (container or ground)
- Select a site with adequate sunlight and good drainage
- Make a list of required materials and tools
- Prepare the planting site or containers
- Mix soil with compost manure
- Make planting holes or furrows
- Plant seeds or seedlings and water them

How do we prepare a suitable site for a kitchen or backyard garden?
How can we establish different crops in a kitchen or backyard garden?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 19
- Garden tools
- Containers
- School environment
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 20
- Jembe
- Panga
- Containers
- Compost manure
- Seeds/seedlings

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment
- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Crop management in a kitchen or backyard garden

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate different crop management practices
- Apply appropriate crop management techniques
- Show responsibility in caring for garden crops

- Water the crops regularly
- Remove weeds as they appear
- Prune and train climbing crops
- Monitor for pests and diseases
- Harvest mature crops

How can we effectively manage crops in a kitchen or backyard garden?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 21
- Water
- Watering containers
- Garden tools
- Established garden

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Watering and irrigation
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Pruning and training crops

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper watering techniques
- Set up simple irrigation systems
- Show responsibility in water conservation

- Check soil moisture regularly
- Water crops in the morning or evening
- Install drip irrigation bottles for continuous water supply
- Apply mulch to conserve moisture

How can we ensure effective watering while conserving water?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 22
- Watering cans
- Plastic bottles
- Water
- Mulching materials
- Pruning knife/scissors
- Stakes
- Trellises
- Garden crops

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Harvesting and record keeping
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Sustainable garden practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper harvesting techniques
- Keep records of garden activities and harvest
- Adopt the use of kitchen and backyard garden for food production

- Explain sustainable garden practices
- Apply sustainable methods in the garden
- Show responsibility towards the environment

- Harvest mature crops regularly
- Prevent crops from bolting
- Record successes and challenges
- Discuss ways to improve gardening skills
- Share gardening experiences
- Apply organic farming methods
- Practice crop rotation
- Use natural pest control
- Recycle garden waste as compost
- Conserve water through efficient irrigation

How can we maximize harvest and learn from our gardening experiences?
How can we make our gardens more sustainable?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 23
- Garden crops
- Harvesting tools
- Record book
- Pen/pencil
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 23
- Garden
- Organic materials
- Composting area
- Digital resources

- Practical assessment - Record evaluation - Oral presentations
- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Understanding poultry folds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe a fold in poultry rearing
- Identify the features of a poultry fold
- Show interest in learning about poultry folds

- Search for video clips or images on poultry folds
- Watch selected video clips showing poultry folds
- Describe the structures of poultry folds
- Share findings with the class

What is a poultry fold and how is it used in poultry rearing?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 24
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Images of poultry folds

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Observing poultry folds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of poultry folds
- Explain the advantages of rearing poultry in folds
- Appreciate the role of poultry folds in poultry management

- Visit a poultry farm to observe poultry folds
- Describe what the poultry folds look like
- Record the materials used to construct the folds
- Share observations with the class

What are the characteristics of an effective poultry fold?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 24
- Poultry farm
- Digital camera/smartphone
- Notebook
- Pen/pencil

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written reports

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Designing a poultry fold
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Planning for construction
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Constructing a poultry fold (frame)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design a poultry fold
- Determine appropriate dimensions for a poultry fold
- Show creativity in designing a poultry fold

- Make rectangular frames for the poultry fold
- Join frames to form the structure
- Show teamwork in construction

- Share ideas about poultry fold designs
- Draw a design of a poultry fold
- Indicate dimensions on the design
- Present the design for feedback
- Make rectangular frames of the same length
- Join the frames side by side using wood pieces
- Continue creating joints until all corners are joined
- Work collaboratively with group members

How can we design an effective poultry fold?
How do we construct the frame of a poultry fold?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 25
- Drawing book or paper
- Pencil
- Ruler
- Examples of poultry fold designs
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 26
- Paper
- Pen/pencil
- Poultry fold design
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 26
- Wooden pieces
- Nails/screws
- Hammer/screwdriver
- Measuring tape
- Protective gloves

- Design evaluation - Oral presentations - Peer assessment
- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Completing the poultry fold

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a shelter on the fold
- Cover the fold with wire mesh or net
- Construct a poultry fold

- Create a small shelter on one side of the fold
- Make a roof for the shelter
- Cover all sides with wire mesh or net
- Ensure the poultry fold is portable and lightweight

How do we complete the construction of a poultry fold?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 27
- Wire mesh/net
- Roofing material
- Tools for construction
- Protective gloves

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Preparing for poultry rearing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate poultry types for rearing
- Prepare for poultry rearing in a fold
- Show responsibility in poultry rearing

- Select a type of poultry for rearing
- Prepare the fold for housing poultry
- Gather the necessary equipment (feeders, waterers)
- Make a plan for poultry management

What preparations are needed before introducing poultry to a fold?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 27
- Constructed poultry fold
- Feeders
- Waterers
- Feed

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Managing poultry in a fold
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Rearing practices for poultry in a fold
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Benefits of rearing poultry in a fold
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Ethical practices in poultry rearing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper poultry management in a fold
- Apply appropriate rearing practices
- Show responsibility in poultry management

- Explain the benefits of rearing poultry in a fold
- Identify advantages over other poultry housing methods
- Appreciate the value of poultry folds

- Move the fold regularly for the poultry to feed
- Provide water regularly
- Maintain sanitation in the fold
- Protect the poultry from predators and harsh weather
- Discuss the benefits of rearing poultry in a fold
- Compare folds with other poultry housing methods
- Share experiences with poultry rearing in a fold
- Make presentations on the benefits

How can we effectively manage poultry in a fold?
What are the advantages of rearing poultry in a fold compared to other methods?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 28
- Poultry fold with poultry
- Water
- Feed
- Cleaning materials
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 29
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 30
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Charts

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation
- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments