Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Methods of soil conservation in the agricultural environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe methods of soil conservation in the agricultural environment
- Name the common methods of soil conservation
- Show interest in learning about soil conservation measures

- Use digital or print media to search for information on methods of conserving soil in the agricultural environment
- Study photographs showing methods of soil conservation
- Discuss and take notes of the information found
- Share findings with the class about soil conservation methods

How can we conserve soil in the agricultural environment?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 1
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Photographs showing soil conservation methods

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding strip cropping
Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding grassed waterways
Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding stone lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how strip cropping conserves soil
- Identify crops suitable for strip cropping
- Appreciate the role of strip cropping in soil conservation

- Explore the school environment to identify places requiring soil conservation
- Study strip cropping as a method of soil conservation
- Discuss how strip cropping prevents the displacement of soil
- Take photographs of soil conservation activities

Why is strip cropping an effective soil conservation method?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 2
- Digital camera/smartphone
- Charts showing strip cropping
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 3
- Charts showing grassed waterways
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Photographs showing stone lines

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding trash lines
Soil Conservation Measures - Understanding soil bunds
Soil Conservation Measures - Making stone lines

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain what trash lines are
- Describe how trash lines conserve soil
- Appreciate the use of crop residues in soil conservation

- Study how trash lines are made
- Discuss how trash lines prevent soil erosion
- Explore how trash lines improve soil fertility when they decompose
- Share observations with the class

How do trash lines help in soil conservation and fertility improvement?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 3
- Photographs showing trash lines
- Charts
- Digital resources
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 4
- Photographs showing soil bunds
- Stones
- Wheelbarrow
- Garden gloves
- Gumboots

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Making trash lines
Soil Conservation Measures - Constructing a farm model showing soil conservation measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to make trash lines
- Apply knowledge of trash lines to conserve soil
- Show responsibility in soil conservation

- Collect dry plant materials
- Determine where to locate trash lines
- Mark lines along a contour
- Create heaps of plant material between erected sticks

How can we make trash lines to conserve soil in the school environment?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 5
- Dry plant materials
- Strong sticks
- Garden gloves
- Gumboots
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 6
- Cartons
- Cardboards
- Small stones
- Soil
- Papier-mâché

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project work

Conservation of Resources

Soil Conservation Measures - Displaying and explaining the farm model
Water Harvesting and Storage - Ways of storing harvested water

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Display the farm model
- Explain soil conservation measures shown in the model
- Demonstrate caring attitude towards soil in the environment

- Complete the construction of the farm model
- Display the farm model in class
- Explain the soil conservation measures displayed in the farm model
- Invite school community to view the farm model

How can the farm model help in educating others about soil conservation?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 7
- Constructed farm model
- Display area
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 11
- Digital devices
- Print media with information on water storage
- Photographs showing water storage methods

- Oral presentation - Observation - Peer assessment

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Shallow water pans

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how shallow water pans are used to store water
- Identify suitable locations for shallow water pans
- Value the role of shallow water pans in water conservation

- Explore the school environment
- Identify areas where water can be harvested
- Discuss how shallow water pans can be constructed and maintained
- Make presentations on water harvesting initiatives

What factors should be considered when constructing shallow water pans?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 12
- Photographs showing shallow water pans
- School environment
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Water ponds
Water Harvesting and Storage - Water containers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how water ponds are used to store water
- Identify suitable locations for water ponds
- Show interest in water harvesting using ponds

- Explore the school environment
- Identify areas where water ponds can be constructed
- Discuss how water ponds can be constructed and maintained
- Make presentations on water harvesting initiatives

How can water ponds be effective in harvesting and storing water?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 12
- Photographs showing water ponds
- School environment
- Digital resources
- Various water containers
- Photographs

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Installing water tanks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the process of installing a water tank
- Participate in water tank installation or maintenance
- Show responsibility in water harvesting

- Plan the installation of a water tank
- Participate in installing or cleaning water tanks
- Ensure water tanks are protected from damage
- Use harvested water for appropriate purposes

How can we properly install and maintain water tanks?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 13
- Water tank or container
- Tools for installation
- Cleaning materials

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Constructing water ponds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to construct a water pond
- Participate in water pond construction or maintenance
- Show responsibility in harvesting and storing water

- Design a water pond
- Participate in digging or repairing a pond
- Keep the pond clean and secure
- Use harvested water for appropriate purposes

How can we construct an effective water pond for water storage?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 13
- Tools for digging
- Protective clothing
- School environment

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Constructing water pans
Water Harvesting and Storage - Maintaining water harvesting structures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to construct a water pan
- Participate in water pan construction or maintenance
- Show responsibility in water conservation

- Clear vegetation for water pan construction
- Mark out dimensions of the water pan
- Participate in digging or repairing a water pan
- Keep the surrounding environment clean

How can we construct water pans to effectively harvest and store water?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 14
- Tools for digging
- Protective clothing
- School environment
- Water harvesting structures
- Cleaning materials
- Repair tools

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Conservation of Resources

Water Harvesting and Storage - Water harvesting and storage initiatives

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify water harvesting and storage initiatives for the school
- Implement water harvesting initiatives
- Show responsibility in harvesting and storing water

- Brainstorm on possible water harvesting initiatives
- Outline roles in implementation of initiatives
- Make class presentations on initiatives
- Create an action plan for water harvesting

How can we implement effective water harvesting and storage initiatives in our school?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 15
- School environment
- Chart papers
- Markers

- Observation - Oral presentations - Project plans

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Role of kitchen and backyard gardens
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Food production through kitchen and backyard gardening

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the role of kitchen and backyard garden in food production
- Distinguish between kitchen and backyard gardens
- Value the importance of home food production

- Use digital or print resources to search for information on kitchen and backyard gardens
- Study the characteristics of kitchen and backyard gardens
- Discuss the roles of kitchen and backyard gardens
- Share findings with the class

How does kitchen garden contribute to food production?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 17
- Digital devices
- Print resources
- Photographs showing kitchen and backyard gardens
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 18
- Digital resources
- Charts showing benefits of kitchen gardens

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Preparing a garden for planting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan for the preparation of a kitchen or backyard garden
- Select suitable planting site and containers
- Show interest in establishing a kitchen or backyard garden

- Discuss how to prepare a garden
- Select a suitable garden type (container or ground)
- Select a site with adequate sunlight and good drainage
- Make a list of required materials and tools

How do we prepare a suitable site for a kitchen or backyard garden?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 19
- Garden tools
- Containers
- School environment

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Establishing crops in kitchen or backyard garden
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Crop management in a kitchen or backyard garden

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate how to prepare and plant a kitchen or backyard garden
- Select appropriate crops for the garden
- Show responsibility in garden preparation

- Prepare the planting site or containers
- Mix soil with compost manure
- Make planting holes or furrows
- Plant seeds or seedlings and water them

How can we establish different crops in a kitchen or backyard garden?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 20
- Jembe
- Panga
- Containers
- Compost manure
- Seeds/seedlings
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 21
- Water
- Watering containers
- Garden tools
- Established garden

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Watering and irrigation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper watering techniques
- Set up simple irrigation systems
- Show responsibility in water conservation

- Check soil moisture regularly
- Water crops in the morning or evening
- Install drip irrigation bottles for continuous water supply
- Apply mulch to conserve moisture

How can we ensure effective watering while conserving water?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 22
- Watering cans
- Plastic bottles
- Water
- Mulching materials

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Pruning and training crops
Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Harvesting and record keeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate crop pruning and training techniques
- Apply appropriate pruning methods
- Appreciate the importance of pruning and training crops

- Trim dead or damaged leaves and stems
- Use trellises or stakes for climbing crops
- Train vining plants to grow upward
- Demonstrate proper use of pruning tools

Why is pruning and training important for certain garden crops?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 22
- Pruning knife/scissors
- Stakes
- Trellises
- Garden crops
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 23
- Harvesting tools
- Record book
- Pen/pencil

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Kitchen and Backyard Gardening - Sustainable garden practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain sustainable garden practices
- Apply sustainable methods in the garden
- Show responsibility towards the environment

- Apply organic farming methods
- Practice crop rotation
- Use natural pest control
- Recycle garden waste as compost
- Conserve water through efficient irrigation

How can we make our gardens more sustainable?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 23
- Garden
- Organic materials
- Composting area
- Digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Understanding poultry folds
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Observing poultry folds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe a fold in poultry rearing
- Identify the features of a poultry fold
- Show interest in learning about poultry folds

- Search for video clips or images on poultry folds
- Watch selected video clips showing poultry folds
- Describe the structures of poultry folds
- Share findings with the class

What is a poultry fold and how is it used in poultry rearing?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 24
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Video clips
- Images of poultry folds
- Poultry farm
- Digital camera/smartphone
- Notebook
- Pen/pencil

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Designing a poultry fold

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Design a poultry fold
- Determine appropriate dimensions for a poultry fold
- Show creativity in designing a poultry fold

- Share ideas about poultry fold designs
- Draw a design of a poultry fold
- Indicate dimensions on the design
- Present the design for feedback

How can we design an effective poultry fold?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 25
- Drawing book or paper
- Pencil
- Ruler
- Examples of poultry fold designs

- Design evaluation - Oral presentations - Peer assessment

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Planning for construction
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Constructing a poultry fold (frame)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Plan the construction of a poultry fold
- List materials needed for construction
- Show responsibility in planning

- Draw a plan of activities for construction
- Distribute responsibilities among group members
- Identify locally available materials for construction
- Present the plan for feedback

How do we prepare for the construction of a poultry fold?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 26
- Paper
- Pen/pencil
- Poultry fold design
- Wooden pieces
- Nails/screws
- Hammer/screwdriver
- Measuring tape
- Protective gloves

- Plan evaluation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Completing the poultry fold

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Create a shelter on the fold
- Cover the fold with wire mesh or net
- Construct a poultry fold

- Create a small shelter on one side of the fold
- Make a roof for the shelter
- Cover all sides with wire mesh or net
- Ensure the poultry fold is portable and lightweight

How do we complete the construction of a poultry fold?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 27
- Wire mesh/net
- Roofing material
- Tools for construction
- Protective gloves

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Preparing for poultry rearing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Select appropriate poultry types for rearing
- Prepare for poultry rearing in a fold
- Show responsibility in poultry rearing

- Select a type of poultry for rearing
- Prepare the fold for housing poultry
- Gather the necessary equipment (feeders, waterers)
- Make a plan for poultry management

What preparations are needed before introducing poultry to a fold?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 27
- Constructed poultry fold
- Feeders
- Waterers
- Feed

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Managing poultry in a fold
Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Rearing practices for poultry in a fold

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate proper poultry management in a fold
- Apply appropriate rearing practices
- Show responsibility in poultry management

- Move the fold regularly for the poultry to feed
- Provide water regularly
- Maintain sanitation in the fold
- Protect the poultry from predators and harsh weather

How can we effectively manage poultry in a fold?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 28
- Poultry fold with poultry
- Water
- Feed
- Cleaning materials
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 29

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Benefits of rearing poultry in a fold

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the benefits of rearing poultry in a fold
- Identify advantages over other poultry housing methods
- Appreciate the value of poultry folds

- Discuss the benefits of rearing poultry in a fold
- Compare folds with other poultry housing methods
- Share experiences with poultry rearing in a fold
- Make presentations on the benefits

What are the advantages of rearing poultry in a fold compared to other methods?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 30
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Charts

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Poultry Rearing in a Fold - Ethical practices in poultry rearing
Crop Pest and Disease Control - Identifying crop pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ethical practices in poultry rearing
- Apply ethical principles in poultry management
- Value animal welfare in poultry rearing

- Discuss ethical practices in poultry rearing
- Identify ways to ensure poultry welfare
- Implement ethical poultry management
- Share experiences and observations

Why are ethical practices important in poultry rearing?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 30
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Charts
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 31
- Vegetable garden
- Digital camera/smartphone
- Notebook
- Pen/pencil

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Crop Pest and Disease Control - Learning about crop pests

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify different types of pests
- Explain how pests damage crops
- Show interest in pest identification

- Ask farmers about signs of pest attacks
- Take photographs of affected crops
- Discuss what was learnt about crop pests
- Create a chart showing different pests and their damage

What are the common pests that attack vegetable crops?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 32
- Digital camera/smartphone
- Charts
- Marker pens
- Pest specimens if available

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Crop Pest and Disease Control - Controlling pests through handpicking
Crop Pest and Disease Control - Removing affected crop parts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate handpicking as a pest control method
- Apply handpicking effectively
- Show responsibility in pest control

- Identify vegetable crops infested with pests
- Wear gloves and handpick pests like caterpillars and cutworms
- Remove affected parts of the vegetables
- Dispose of the pests appropriately

How can we control pests through handpicking?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 32
- Vegetable garden with pests
- Gloves
- Container with soapy water
- Wooden sticks/tongs
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 33
- Vegetable garden with pest-affected crops
- Pruning shears/scissors
- Disposal bag

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Crop Pest and Disease Control - Uprooting heavily affected crops

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify heavily affected crops
- Demonstrate uprooting as a control method
- Show responsibility in pest control

- Identify vegetable crops heavily attacked by pests
- Uproot the affected crops carefully
- Dispose of them far from the garden
- Discuss the importance of this control method

When should crops be uprooted to control pests?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 33
- Vegetable garden with heavily affected crops
- Gloves
- Garden tools
- Disposal bags

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Crop Pest and Disease Control - Applying natural pesticides
Crop Pest and Disease Control - Identifying crop diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Prepare natural pesticides
- Apply natural pesticides correctly
- Value natural pest control methods

- Make ash from banana leaves or other plants
- Sprinkle the ash around the base of vegetable crops
- Replace the ash when it gets wet
- Monitor the effectiveness of the treatment

How can natural pesticides like ash be used to control crop pests?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 34
- Banana leaves or other plant materials
- Source of heat
- Container for ash
- Vegetable garden
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 35
- Digital camera/smartphone
- Notebook
- Pen/pencil

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Crop Pest and Disease Control - Controlling crop diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate disease control methods
- Apply appropriate disease control techniques
- Control diseases on vegetable crops

- Inspect a vegetable garden for signs of diseases
- Remove affected parts of the crop
- Uproot heavily affected crops
- Dispose of diseased material appropriately

How can we control diseases in vegetable crops?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 36
- Vegetable garden with disease-affected crops
- Gloves
- Garden tools
- Disposal bags

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project evaluation

Food Production Processes

Crop Pest and Disease Control - Importance of pest and disease control
Crop Pest and Disease Control - Integrated pest management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of controlling pests and diseases
- Identify benefits of pest and disease control
- Acknowledge importance of controlling pests and diseases

- Read and discuss information on pest and disease control
- Discuss the importance of controlling pests and diseases
- Share discussion points with the class
- Write a summary of what was learnt

Why is it important to control pests and diseases in vegetable production?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 37
- Digital resources
- Print resources
- Charts
- Marker pens
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 38

- Observation - Oral presentations - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Preparation of Animal Products - Importance of processing animal products

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of processing fish
- Explain the importance of dressing poultry carcass
- Show interest in learning about animal product processing

- Observe photographs of fresh and processed fish
- Observe photographs of poultry before and after dressing
- Discuss the differences observed
- Share discussion points on the importance of processing

Why is it important to process fish and dress poultry carcass?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 39
- Photographs of fresh and processed fish
- Photographs of poultry before and after dressing
- Digital resources
- Print resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Preparation of Animal Products - Understanding fish processing
Preparation of Animal Products - Scaling and gutting fish

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Describe methods of processing fresh fish
- Identify resources needed for fish processing
- Show interest in fish processing methods

- Observe photographs showing methods of processing fish
- Study scaling, gutting, cleaning, salting, and frying processes
- Discuss what fish processing involves
- Create a chart showing fish processing methods

How can we process fresh fish?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 40
- Photographs showing fish processing methods
- Chart paper
- Marker pens
- Digital resources
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 41
- Fresh fish
- Knife
- Basin or tray
- Clean water
- Soap

- Observation - Oral questions - Chart evaluation

Food Production Processes

Preparation of Animal Products - Cleaning and salting fish

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the process of cleaning fish
- Demonstrate the process of salting fish
- Show responsibility in fish processing

- Clean the fish thoroughly with clean water
- Remove any remaining scales, blood, or unwanted parts
- Make shallow cuts on the flesh sides of the fish
- Apply salt inside the cuts and on the surface
- Air dry the fish and store in a clean container

How do we clean and salt fish properly?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 42
- Gutted fish
- Salt
- Basin or tray
- Clean water
- Clean storage container

- Practical assessment - Observation - Process evaluation

Food Production Processes

Preparation of Animal Products - Frying fish

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Demonstrate the process of frying fish
- Apply safety measures when frying fish
- Process fresh fish through frying

- Ensure the fish is properly scaled, gutted, and cleaned
- Heat cooking oil in a suitable container
- Carefully place the fish in hot oil
- Turn the fish until it turns brown
- Remove and allow to cool if for storage

How do we fry fish properly and safely?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 43
- Cleaned fish
- Cooking oil
- Sufuria or frying pan
- Source of heat
- Slotted spoon
- Storage container

- Practical assessment - Observation - Process evaluation

Food Production Processes

Preparation of Animal Products - Understanding poultry dressing
Preparation of Animal Products - Dressing poultry

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the process of dressing poultry carcass
- Identify steps in poultry dressing
- Show interest in poultry dressing methods

- Study photographs showing poultry dressing steps
- Discuss beheading, defeathering, offal removal, and cleaning
- Share discussion points with the class
- Create a flowchart of poultry dressing steps

What are the steps involved in dressing a poultry carcass?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 44
- Photographs showing poultry dressing
- Chart paper
- Marker pens
- Digital resources
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 45
- Poultry
- Sharp knife or panga
- Hot water
- Clean cold water
- Basin
- Gloves

- Observation - Oral questions - Flowchart evaluation

Food Production Processes

Preparation of Animal Products - Ethical and safety practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Identify ethical issues in animal product preparation
- Apply safety practices in preparation
- Value ethical treatment of animals

- Discuss ethical issues in animal product preparation
- Identify safety practices to follow
- Create posters with messages on ethical issues and safety practices
- Present findings to the class

Why are ethical and safety practices important in animal product preparation?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 47
- Digital devices
- Print resources
- Manila papers
- Marker pens

- Observation - Oral presentations - Poster evaluation

Food Production Processes

Preparation of Animal Products - Hygiene in animal product preparation
Preserving Milk and Meat - Home cooling as a milk preservation method

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of hygiene in animal product preparation
- Apply hygienic practices in preparation
- Value hygiene in food preparation

- Discuss the importance of hygiene in animal product preparation
- Identify hygienic practices to follow
- Demonstrate proper hand washing and tool cleaning
- Create a checklist for hygienic preparation

How does hygiene affect the quality and safety of animal products?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 48
- Hand washing facilities
- Cleaning materials
- Chart paper
- Marker pens
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 54
- Boiled milk
- Clean bottles with lids
- Basin with cold/ice water
- Clean towel

- Observation - Oral questions - Checklist evaluation

Food Production Processes

Preserving Milk and Meat - Importance of preserving meat

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain the importance of preserving meat at household level
- Identify methods of meat preservation
- Show interest in meat preservation methods

- Search for information on the importance of preserving meat
- Study pictures showing meat preservation methods
- Discuss and share experiences on meat preservation
- Make summary notes on findings

Why is it important to preserve meat at the household level?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 55
- Digital devices
- Print resources
- Pictures showing meat preservation

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Food Production Processes

Preserving Milk and Meat - Drying as a meat preservation method
Preserving Milk and Meat - Smoking as a meat preservation method
Preserving Milk and Meat - Salting and boiling as meat preservation methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

- Explain how drying preserves meat
- Demonstrate the drying method
- Preserve meat through drying

- Wash fresh meat using clean water
- Slice the meat into desired sizes
- Hang the meat on clean sticks or wires in the sun
- Alternatively, spread on a clean surface
- Continue exposing to the sun until completely dry

How does drying help to preserve meat?

- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 56
- Fresh meat
- Clean water
- Knife
- Sticks or wires
- Clean drying surface
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 57
- Pieces of wood
- Source of heat
- Storage container
- SPARK AGRICULTURE GRADE 8 textbook pg. 58
- Salt
- Cooking pot
- Storage containers

- Practical assessment - Observation - Process evaluation