Crop Production

Crop Protection - Field excursion for weed identification
Crop Protection - Making weed herbarium

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify common weeds in crop fields
- Collect weed specimens
- Show interest in weed study

- Take excursion to identify weeds in crop field
- Collect different weed specimens
- Record weed names and characteristics

How do weeds affect crop production?

- Local environment
- Collection bags
- Notebooks
- Cameras
- Identification guides
- Pressing materials
- Herbarium sheets
- Glue
- Labels
- Marker pens

- Field reports - Specimen collection - Observation

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Classification by morphology
Crop Protection - Classification by growth cycle

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Classify weeds based on morphology
- Identify broadleaf and narrow leaf weeds
- Appreciate weed diversity

- Use digital and non-digital resources to study weed morphology
- Classify weeds as broadleaf, narrow leaf, or sedges
- Examine weed specimens

Why is weed control done in crop production?

- Weed specimens
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Classification charts
- Reference books
- Weed samples
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Pictures
- Reference materials

- Written test - Classification exercise - Oral presentations

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Physical and mechanical control
Crop Protection - Cultural and biological control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain physical weed control methods
- Demonstrate mechanical weed control
- Appreciate non-chemical control

- Discuss hand pulling, hoeing, slashing
- Practice physical weed removal
- Discuss advantages and limitations

What are the advantages of physical weed control?

- Hand hoe
- Panga
- Slasher
- Gloves
- School farm
- Mulching materials
- Video clips
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Case studies

- Practical observation - Oral assessment - Performance evaluation

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Chemical and legislative control
Crop Protection - Positive and negative effects of weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain chemical weed control
- Describe legislative control methods
- Appreciate safe herbicide use

- Discuss herbicide types and application
- Study legislative measures against weeds
- Emphasize safety in chemical use

Why are some weeds controlled through legislation?

- Herbicide samples
- Safety equipment
- Charts
- Reference materials
- Legal documents
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Pictures
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Written assignment - Safety assessment - Oral presentations

Crop Production

General Crop Harvesting - Harvest timing
General Crop Harvesting - Pre-harvest activities for cereals and tubers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain factors that determine harvest timing
- Identify signs of crop maturity
- Show interest in harvest planning

- Search for information on harvest timing factors
- Discuss indicators of crop maturity
- Study harvest scheduling

How does the harvesting process affect crop production?

- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Textbooks
- Charts
- Mature crops
- School farm
- Harvesting tools
- Containers
- Sacks
- Record books

- Written test - Oral assessment - Observation

Crop Production

General Crop Harvesting - Harvesting cereals and tubers
General Crop Harvesting - Post-harvest handling of cereals and tubers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Harvest cereals correctly
- Harvest tuber crops properly
- Develop practical harvesting skills

- Practice harvesting methods for cereals
- Harvest tuber crops carefully
- Handle produce to minimize damage

What is the correct method for harvesting different crops?

- Panga
- Jembe
- Harvesting baskets
- Sacks
- School farm
- Drying materials
- Storage containers
- Sorting tables
- Resource person
- Cleaning tools

- Practical assessment - Performance evaluation - Produce quality check

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Dairy cattle breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Beef cattle breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Common pig breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Rabbit breeds and characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify common dairy cattle breeds
- Describe characteristics of dairy breeds
- Show interest in livestock diversity

- Use field observations and digital resources to study dairy cattle breeds (Friesian, Ayrshire, Guernsey, Jersey)
- Describe characteristic features
- Compare productivity levels

How do livestock breeds affect the productivity of animals?

- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures of cattle breeds
- Video clips
- Charts
- Pictures
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Field trip sites
- Pictures of pig breeds
- Reference materials
- Live rabbits (if available)

- Oral assessment - Written notes - Observation

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Wool and mutton sheep
Breeds of Livestock - Dairy goat breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Meat goat breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Role of animal production in economy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify sheep breeds
- Distinguish wool and mutton types
- Show interest in sheep production

- Study sheep breeds (Merino, Dorper, Hampshire Down, Corriedale)
- Compare wool and mutton breeds
- Discuss breed suitability

What are the main products from sheep farming?

- Pictures of sheep breeds
- Video clips
- Wool samples
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Pictures
- Digital resources
- Field trip sites
- Reference books
- Pictures of goat breeds
- Reference materials
- Economic data
- Manila papers
- Marker pens

- Written assignment - Class discussions - Oral assessment

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Humane treatment of livestock
Safe Handling of Animals - Poor transport and harnessing methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify forms of animal handling in community
- Explain inhumane treatment practices
- Show compassion for animal welfare

- Discuss inhumane treatment (beating, poor restraining, inappropriate castration)
- Examine forms of animal handling
- Analyze effects on productivity

How does handling of animals affect their production and productivity?

- Video clips
- Pictures
- Charts
- Case studies
- Digital devices
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Oral assessment - Written assignment - Class discussions

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Crush pens and holding yards
Safe Handling of Animals - Raceways and squeeze chutes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe crush pens structure
- Explain use of holding yards
- Show interest in safe handling structures

- Use digital resources to observe crush pens and holding yards
- Describe structures and functions
- Discuss design features

How can we ensure safety when handling animals?

- Digital devices
- Pictures
- Video clips
- Charts
- Design drawings
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Design plans

- Oral assessment - Written notes - Sketches

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Farrowing crates and milking stalls
Safe Handling of Animals - Restraining methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe farrowing crates
- Explain milking stall design
- Show interest in specialized structures

- Study farrowing crates for pig production
- Examine milking stall structures
- Discuss benefits of specialized facilities

How do specialized structures improve animal management?

- Pictures
- Video clips
- Digital devices
- Charts
- Reference materials
- Docile animals
- Ropes
- Halters
- Bull rings
- Safety equipment

- Oral assessment - Written test - Observation

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Correct positioning and safe distance
Safe Handling of Animals - Community excursion on animal handling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Demonstrate correct positioning when handling animals
- Maintain safe distance from animals
- Show responsibility in animal handling

- Practice correct positioning techniques
- Demonstrate holding appropriate parts
- Maintain safe working distance

Why is correct positioning important when handling animals?

- Docile animals
- Demonstration area
- Safety equipment
- First aid kit
- Protective gear
- Local farms
- Observation sheets
- Cameras
- Notebooks
- Transport

- Practical assessment - Safety compliance - Observation

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Importance of animal health
General Animal Health - Observing healthy animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain benefits of keeping animals healthy
- Analyze effects of ill health on production
- Appreciate animal health importance

- Use digital and print resources to explain benefits
- Discuss productivity of healthy animals
- Analyze economic impacts

How is animal health important in animal production?

- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference books
- Charts
- Case studies
- Live animals
- Observation sheets
- Notebooks
- Resource person
- School livestock

- Written test - Oral assessment - Class presentations

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Identifying sick animals
General Animal Health - Common signs of specific diseases

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify signs of ill health in livestock
- Compare sick and healthy animals
- Develop vigilance in health monitoring

- Discuss with resource person signs of illness
- Compare sick and healthy animals
- Practice health assessment

How can we distinguish between sick and healthy animals?

- Live animals
- Pictures
- Video clips
- Resource person
- Health charts
- Disease charts
- Digital resources
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written assignment - Practical observation

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Preventative measures

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain preventative disease control measures
- Describe vaccination programs
- Appreciate disease prevention importance

- Suggest preventative measures (vaccination, sanitation, quarantine)
- Discuss control measures against ill health
- Study prevention strategies

How can diseases be prevented in livestock production?

- Vaccine samples
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Reference materials
- Resource person

- Oral assessment - Written assignment - Group discussions

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Treatment and management practices
General Animal Health - Notifiable diseases and quarantine

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe treatment methods for common diseases
- Explain management practices for disease control
- Show responsibility in animal health care

- Discuss treatment options
- Study management practices (isolation, proper nutrition)
- Analyze integrated health approaches

What management practices help maintain animal health?

- Medicine samples
- Charts
- Video clips
- Digital devices
- Reference books
- Disease lists
- Legal documents
- Digital resources
- Resource person

- Written test - Oral questions - Class presentations

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Practical health maintenance
Beekeeping - Factors in apiary location

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Practice applicable health maintenance measures
- Monitor animal health regularly
- Develop skills in animal health care

- Practice health measures on school livestock
- Maintain health records
- Implement preventative practices

How can we maintain good health in school livestock?

- School livestock
- Health records
- Medicines
- Cleaning materials
- Resource person
- School compound
- Survey tools
- Notebooks
- Pictures
- Assessment forms

- Practical observation - Record assessment - Performance evaluation

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Environmental considerations
Beekeeping - Traditional and Kenya top bar hives

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe environmental factors for apiary siting
- Explain safety considerations
- Appreciate proper apiary placement

- Discuss placement away from humans and livestock
- Consider wind direction and sun exposure
- Analyze environmental factors

Why should apiaries be located away from roads and settlements?

- Pictures
- Video clips
- Charts
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Hive models
- Digital resources
- Design drawings

- Written test - Oral questions - Class presentations

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Langstroth hive
Beekeeping - Hive preparation and baiting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe Langstroth hive structure
- Explain advantages of Langstroth hive
- Appreciate modern beekeeping methods

- Study Langstroth hive components
- Discuss movable frame system
- Compare with other hive types

How does the Langstroth hive improve honey production?

- Hive models
- Pictures
- Video clips
- Charts
- Reference books
- Digital devices
- Internet access

- Written assignment - Oral presentations - Comparison charts

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Feeding and watering bees
Beekeeping - Hive inspection and pest control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain bee feeding practices
- Describe watering requirements
- Show responsibility in bee management

- Participate with resource person in apiary management
- Discuss feeding and watering practices
- Learn safety measures

What management practices are necessary in beekeeping?

- Apiary site
- Bee suit
- Smoker
- Hive tool
- Resource person
- Feeding equipment
- Inspection sheets

- Practical observation - Safety assessment - Oral questions

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Swarming, absconding, and migration
Beekeeping - Harvesting process simulation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain causes of swarming
- Describe absconding and migration
- Show interest in bee behavior

- Discuss causes of swarming (overcrowding, poor ventilation)
- Study absconding causes (starvation, pests)
- Analyze migration patterns

Why do bees sometimes leave their hives?

- Video clips
- Pictures
- Charts
- Digital resources
- Reference books
- Bee suit
- Smoker
- Hive tool
- Containers
- Mockup hive
- Safety equipment

- Written test - Oral assessment - Class presentations

Beekeeping
Animal Production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to: - Explain benefits of beekeeping - Analyze economic importance of bee products - Appreciate beekeeping in economy
Animal Rearing Project - Selecting appropriate project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Discuss with resource person benefits of rearing bees
- Present on beekeeping importance
- Analyze economic opportunities

What products do we get from beekeeping?

- Resource person - Bee products samples - Manila papers - Marker pens - Charts

- Class presentations
- Written reports
- Oral assessment
- Project templates
- School facilities assessment
- Resource inventory
- Reference materials

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Writing project plan
Animal Rearing Project - Costing project inputs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Develop a project plan
- Write clear project objectives
- Develop planning skills

- Adopt project template
- Write project plan for selected animal
- Define objectives and activities

What should be included in an animal rearing project plan?

- Project templates
- Reference materials
- Manila papers
- Computers (if available)
- Sample plans
- Price lists
- Calculator
- Notebooks
- Market surveys
- Digital devices

- Project plan assessment - Written evaluation - Oral presentations

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Preparing project budget

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prepare a simple budget
- Present budget for approval
- Develop financial planning skills

- Prepare simple budget
- Present to teacher and school administration
- Negotiate and finalize budget

What makes a realistic project budget?

- Budget templates
- Calculator
- Computers
- Project proposals
- Manila papers

- Budget assessment - Presentation evaluation - Written reports

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Site selection and structure installation
Animal Rearing Project - Record preparation and duty allocation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Select appropriate project site
- Prepare animal structures
- Show practical implementation skills

- Select site for the project
- Install required animal structures
- Prepare necessary facilities

Where should animal structures be located?

- School compound
- Building materials
- Tools
- Site assessment forms
- Safety equipment
- Record books
- Templates
- Duty rosters
- Manila papers
- Marker pens

- Practical observation - Site suitability assessment - Performance evaluation

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Stocking and initial management
Animal Rearing Project - Daily routine management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Stock the animal project
- Implement initial management practices
- Show responsibility in animal care

- Stock the animal project
- Carry out initial management activities
- Monitor animal adjustment

How do we ensure successful project stocking?

- Animals/insects
- Housing structures
- Feeding equipment
- Water containers
- Record books
- Feeds
- Water
- Cleaning tools
- Health monitoring tools

- Practical observation - Stocking success rate - Record keeping

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Weekly and periodic management
Animal Rearing Project - Assessing project achievements

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Implement weekly management practices
- Conduct periodic assessments
- Show diligence in project management

- Conduct weekly cleaning and disinfection
- Monitor growth and performance
- Adjust management as needed

How often should intensive management practices be done?

- Disinfectants
- Cleaning equipment
- Weighing scales
- Record books
- Assessment tools
- Project records
- Financial records
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Projector

- Practical observation - Record assessment - Performance evaluation

Animal Production
Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship
Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship
Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Animal Rearing Project - Areas for improvement
Tools and Equipment - Gardening tools
Tools and Equipment - Livestock production tools
Tools and Equipment - Conducting gardening tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify areas for improvement
- Propose solutions to challenges
- Show reflective thinking

- Present areas of improvement
- Discuss challenges faced
- Propose recommendations
- Share lessons learned

How can we improve future animal rearing projects?

- Evaluation reports
- Project data
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Reflection sheets
- Gardening tools
- Tool charts
- Pictures
- Video clips
- School farm
- Livestock tools
- Charts
- Resource person
- School garden
- Jembe, rake
- Garden trowel
- Fork jembe
- Safety gloves

- Evaluation reports - Class presentations - Written reflections

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Tools and Equipment - Livestock management tasks
Tools and Equipment - Assembling and disassembling tasks
Tools and Equipment - Cleaning and sharpening

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Use livestock tools appropriately
- Perform basic livestock tasks
- Show responsibility in tool use

- Conduct livestock tasks (feeding, watering, cleaning)
- Use appropriate tools and equipment
- Practice safe handling

What tasks can be done more efficiently with proper tools?

- Livestock area
- Feeders, waterers
- Cleaning tools
- Animals
- Safety equipment
- Hand tools
- Screws, nails
- Simple structures
- Instruction manuals
- Agricultural tools
- Sharpening stone
- Water
- Cleaning materials
- Oil/grease

- Practical observation - Task completion assessment - Safety compliance

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Tools and Equipment - Lubrication and repairs
Tools and Equipment - Safety in tool use and storage
Product Processing - Juice processing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Lubricate moving parts
- Carry out minor repairs
- Appreciate preventive maintenance

- Practice lubrication of tools and equipment
- Perform part repairs and replacements
- Tighten loose parts

What maintenance practices prevent tool breakdown?

- Lubricants
- Replacement parts
- Spanners, pliers
- Agricultural tools
- Maintenance manual
- PPE (gloves, boots)
- Storage facilities
- Tools
- First aid kit
- Safety charts
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures
- Video clips
- Reference books

- Practical assessment - Observation - Maintenance record

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Product Processing - Jam and ketchup making
Product Processing - Peanut butter and flour making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe jam making process
- Explain ketchup preparation
- Appreciate fruit processing methods

- Research on jam and ketchup making
- Suggest value addition methods
- Study preservation techniques

What fruits can be processed into jam and ketchup?

- Digital resources
- Pictures
- Video clips
- Recipe books
- Sample products
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Reference materials

- Written test - Oral presentations - Class discussions

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Product Processing - Crisps making
Product Processing - Practical juice processing

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe crisps making process
- Identify raw materials for crisps
- Appreciate tuber crop processing

- Research on crisps making from potatoes and cassava
- Study processing equipment
- Discuss packaging methods

What crops can be processed into crisps?

- Pictures
- Video clips
- Digital resources
- Sample crisps
- Reference books
- Fresh fruits
- Juicer/blender
- Containers
- Sieve/strainer
- Protective clothing
- Resource person

- Written test - Oral questions - Class discussions

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Product Processing - Practical jam making
Product Processing - Practical peanut butter making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Make jam from fruits
- Control temperature during processing
- Show attention to quality

- Practice jam making process
- Cook fruit with sugar to right consistency
- Test for setting point

What determines the quality of jam?

- Fresh fruits
- Sugar
- Source of heat
- Cooking pot
- Jars
- Thermometer
- Resource person
- Groundnuts
- Roasting equipment
- Grinder/blender
- Oil, salt, sugar
- Containers

- Practical observation - Product quality assessment - Performance evaluation

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Product Processing - Practical flour making
Product Processing - Visiting market outlets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Process flour from grains
- Practice proper drying and milling
- Show commitment to quality production

- Practice flour making process
- Dry and mill selected grains
- Sieve to required fineness

What steps ensure quality flour production?

- Grains
- Drying materials
- Mill/grinder
- Sieves
- Containers
- Resource person
- Transport
- Market outlets
- Observation sheets
- Cameras
- Notebooks

- Practical observation - Product quality assessment - Hygiene compliance

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Product Processing - Designing labels and brands
Product Processing - Practical packaging

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Design product labels
- Create brand names
- Develop creativity in branding

- Design labels for processed products
- Create brand names
- Include required information (ingredients, expiry date)

What information must appear on product labels?

- Computers/drawing materials
- Marker pens
- Label templates
- Sample labels
- Reference materials
- Processed products
- Packaging materials
- Labels
- Sealing equipment
- Clean workspace

- Design assessment - Creativity evaluation - Label completeness

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Product Processing - Ethics in processing and value addition
Establishing Enterprise - Land and labor factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain ethical concerns in processing
- Discuss consumer protection
- Appreciate ethical business practices

- Discuss ethical concerns (false labeling, hygiene, adulteration)
- Present on consumer protection
- Analyze quality standards

Why must processors follow ethical standards?

- Sample products
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Case studies
- Legal documents
- Charts
- Pictures
- Reference materials

- Class presentations - Written reports - Oral assessment

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Establishing Enterprise - Capital and entrepreneurship
Establishing Enterprise - Borrowing and savings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain capital requirements
- Describe entrepreneurship role
- Appreciate all production factors

- Discuss capital and entrepreneurship factors
- Analyze financial needs
- Study management skills needed

What makes an agricultural entrepreneur successful?

- Charts
- Financial data
- Manila papers
- Business profiles
- Digital resources
- Resource person
- Bank brochures
- Loan application forms
- Financial literacy materials

- Written test - Oral presentations - Class discussions

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Establishing Enterprise - Other capital sources
Establishing Enterprise - Physical infrastructure and inputs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain asset disposal for capital
- Describe grants and donations
- Appreciate diverse funding sources

- Discuss disposing-off assets for capital
- Study grants and donations opportunities
- Analyze alternative funding sources

What are the advantages and disadvantages of different capital sources?

- Case studies
- Financial documents
- Charts
- Resource person
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures
- Reference books

- Written test - Oral questions - Presentations

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Establishing Enterprise - Labor, skills and techniques

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Assess labor requirements
- Identify needed skills
- Appreciate production techniques

- Determine labor needs for enterprises
- Identify skill requirements
- Study production techniques

How do skill requirements affect enterprise selection?

- Charts
- Case studies
- Manila papers
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Written assignment - Oral presentations - Class discussions

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Establishing Enterprise - Legal requirements and market
Establishing Enterprise - Importance of production factors

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain legal requirements for enterprises
- Analyze market factors
- Show awareness of regulations

- Research legal requirements (licenses, permits)
- Study market availability and demand
- Analyze market factors

Why must farmers consider market before starting an enterprise?

- Legal documents
- Market data
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Reference materials
- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Case studies
- Charts
- Projector

- Written test - Market analysis reports - Oral assessment

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Marketing Produce - Weighing and sorting
Marketing Produce - Grading agricultural produce

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Weigh produce accurately
- Sort produce by quality
- Show attention to detail

- Discuss ways of preparing produce for marketing
- Practice weighing agricultural produce
- Sort produce into different grades

How can we prepare agricultural produce for the market?

- Weighing scales
- Agricultural produce
- Sorting tables
- Containers
- Grading charts
- Grading standards
- Market outlet
- Observation sheets
- Transport

- Practical assessment - Accuracy evaluation - Observation

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Marketing Produce - Packaging and branding
Marketing Produce - Labeling and displaying

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Package produce attractively
- Apply appropriate branding
- Show creativity in presentation

- Observe packaging methods in markets
- Practice packaging produce
- Apply branding and labeling

How does packaging affect product price?

- Packaging materials
- Labels
- Agricultural produce
- Branding materials
- Market samples
- Marker pens
- Display materials
- Sample labels

- Practical assessment - Packaging quality - Creativity evaluation

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Marketing Produce - Physical market outlets
Marketing Produce - Digital marketing platforms

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify physical market outlets
- Describe characteristics of different markets
- Show interest in marketing channels

- Discuss various physical market outlets (local markets, supermarkets, farm gate)
- Compare market types
- Analyze market advantages

What are the different market outlets for agricultural produce?

- Pictures
- Charts
- Manila papers
- Market surveys
- Reference materials
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Sample platforms

- Oral assessment - Written assignment - Class presentations

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Marketing Produce - Transportation and advertisement costs
Marketing Produce - Market charges and taxes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify transportation costs
- Explain advertisement expenses
- Show awareness of marketing costs

- Inquire from resource person about marketing expenses
- Study transportation costs
- Examine advertisement costs

What expenses are incurred when marketing agricultural produce?

- Resource person
- Price lists
- Calculator
- Notebooks
- Case studies
- Fee schedules
- Tax documents
- Financial records

- Oral assessment - Written calculations - Cost analysis

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Marketing Produce - Benefits of proper preparation
Composting Techniques - Conventional composting methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain importance of produce preparation
- Analyze market advantages
- Appreciate quality presentation

- Share experiences on importance of preparing produce
- Discuss market price differences
- Present on preparation benefits

Why is proper preparation important for marketing?

- Manila papers
- Marker pens
- Market data
- Sample produce
- Projector
- Digital devices
- Internet access
- Pictures
- Video clips
- Reference books

- Class presentations - Written reports - Oral assessment

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Composting Techniques - Innovative composting methods
Composting Techniques - Factors affecting compost quality

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain vermicomposting
- Describe containerised composting
- Appreciate innovative techniques

- Research innovative composting techniques
- Study vermicomposting process
- Examine containerised composting

What are the advantages of innovative composting methods?

- Digital resources
- Pictures
- Video clips
- Sample composts
- Reference materials
- Compost samples
- Charts
- Manila papers
- Marker pens

- Written assignment - Oral presentations - Class discussions

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Composting Techniques - Practical four-pit method (Part 1)
Composting Techniques - Practical four-pit method (Part 2)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prepare composting pits
- Collect composting materials
- Develop practical composting skills

- Carry out composting with resource person
- Prepare four pits
- Collect organic materials (plant and animal wastes)

How is the four-pit composting method carried out?

- School compound
- Digging tools
- Organic materials
- Water source
- Resource person
- Water
- Turning tools
- Thermometer
- Monitoring sheets

- Practical observation - Site preparation assessment - Material collection

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Composting Techniques - Practical vermicomposting
Composting Techniques - Containerised composting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Set up vermicomposting system
- Manage earthworms in compost
- Appreciate biological composting

- Use digital resources for vermicomposting ideas
- Set up vermicomposting container
- Introduce earthworms and manage system

How does vermicomposting differ from conventional composting?

- Container
- Organic materials
- Earthworms
- Bedding materials
- Water
- Digital resources
- Containers/bins
- Monitoring tools

- Practical observation - System setup evaluation - Performance assessment

Agricultural Technologies and Entrepreneurship

Composting Techniques - Using compost in crop production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Apply compost manure to crops
- Evaluate compost effectiveness
- Appreciate soil improvement through composting

- Utilize compost on existing crop enterprises
- Observe effects on crop growth
- Compare with non-composted areas
- Document results

How does compost manure improve soil fertility?

- Mature compost
- School farm
- Application tools
- Observation sheets
- Measuring tools

- Practical observation - Application assessment - Crop response evaluation