Conservation of Resources

Controlling Soil Erosion - Introduction to soil erosion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Define soil erosion
-Discuss effects of soil erosion
-Appreciate the importance of controlling soil erosion

In groups, learner is guided to:
-Discuss the meaning of soil erosion
-Share their definition of soil erosion with the rest of the class

What is soil erosion?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.2
-Charts, pictures and video clips
-Photographs
-Suitable locally available materials

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Conservation of Resources

Controlling Soil Erosion - Types of soil erosion
Controlling Soil Erosion - Splash erosion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify different types of soil erosion
-Describe characteristics of each type of soil erosion
-Value the importance of knowing types of soil erosion

In groups, learner is guided to:
-Study pictures of different types of soil erosion
-Match statements with pictures showing types of soil erosion
-Identify the types of soil erosion shown in each picture

What types of soil erosion do you know?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.3
-Charts, pictures and video clips
-Photographs
-Suitable locally available materials
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.5
-Wooden or cardboard box
-Soil sample
-Water and container with holes
-Charts and pictures

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Conservation of Resources

Controlling Soil Erosion - Sheet erosion
Controlling Soil Erosion - Rill erosion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe sheet erosion
-Demonstrate how sheet erosion takes place
-Appreciate the effects of sheet erosion

In groups, learner is guided to:
-Place soil in a wooden box and raise one side
-Pour water onto the raised part of the box
-Observe and record what happens
-Discuss their findings

How does sheet erosion occur?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.6
-Wooden box
-Stable block of wood or stone
-Soil sample
-Water container with holes
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.7
-Wooden or cardboard box
-Water container with medium-sized holes
-Charts and pictures

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Conservation of Resources

Controlling Soil Erosion - Gully erosion
Controlling Soil Erosion - Field visit to observe erosion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe gully erosion
-Demonstrate how gully erosion takes place
-Appreciate the destructive effects of gully erosion

In groups, learner is guided to:
-Use the setup from rill erosion activity
-Pour water continuously onto the channels formed
-Observe and record the formation of deeper channels
-Search for and watch videos of rill and gully erosion

How does gully erosion develop from rill erosion?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.8
-Wooden or cardboard box from previous setup
-Soil sample
-Water container
-Digital devices for video search
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.9
-Digital camera/smartphone
-Notebook for recording
-Charts for displaying findings

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Conservation of Resources

Controlling Soil Erosion - Effects of soil erosion
Controlling Soil Erosion - Controlling splash erosion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify effects of different types of soil erosion
-Explain how soil erosion affects soil fertility and farming
-Appreciate the negative impact of soil erosion

In groups, learner is guided to:
-Search for information on how soil erosion affects soil fertility
-Discuss the effects of each type of soil erosion
-Present findings to the class

How does soil erosion affect farming activities?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.9
-Agriculture textbooks and magazines
-Charts and pictures
-Digital devices with internet access
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.10
-Wooden box
-Soil sample
-Dry grass or leaves
-Water container with holes
-Protective clothing

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Conservation of Resources

Controlling Soil Erosion - Controlling sheet erosion
Controlling Soil Erosion - Controlling rill erosion
Controlling Soil Erosion - Controlling gully erosion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify methods of controlling sheet erosion
-Demonstrate how to control sheet erosion
-Value the importance of controlling sheet erosion

In groups, learner is guided to:
-Fill a box with soil and level it
-Plant strips of grass on soil surface
-Slant the box and pour water
-Observe and record observations
-Discuss other methods of controlling sheet erosion

How can we control sheet erosion?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.12
-Wooden box
-Soil sample
-Grass material for planting
-Water container with holes
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.13
-Area with rill erosion
-Stones of different sizes
-Crop remains or small branches
-Grass for planting
-Protective clothing
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.15
-Place with gully erosion
-Pieces of wood or branches
-Wire mesh

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Conservation of Resources

Controlling Soil Erosion - Importance of soil erosion control
Conserving Water: Seedbeds - Types of seedbeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain the importance of soil erosion control
-Discuss benefits of controlling soil erosion
-Appreciate the value of soil erosion control

Learner is guided to:
-Read a story about villages that did and did not control soil erosion
-Answer questions about the story
-Identify the lessons learned about importance of soil erosion control

Why is it important to control soil erosion?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.18
-Charts and pictures
-Stories about soil erosion control
-Agriculture textbooks and magazines
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.23
-Pictures of different types of seedbeds
-Charts
-Digital devices with internet access

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Water: Seedbeds - Uses of sunken beds and shallow pits
Conserving Water: Seedbeds - Preparing sunken bed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify uses of sunken beds and shallow pits
-Explain how seedbeds conserve soil moisture
-Appreciate the value of soil moisture conservation

Learner is guided to:
-Visit a farmer who uses sunken beds or shallow pits
-Observe how the seedbeds are used
-Find out how seedbeds help in conserving soil moisture
-Discuss with the farmer how seedbeds are prepared

How are sunken beds and shallow pits used to conserve soil moisture?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.24
-A nearby farm with sunken beds or shallow pits
-Camera for taking photographs (if available)
-Notebook for recording information
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.25
-Spades or shovels
-Rakes
-String
-Wheelbarrow
-Organic manure
-Protective clothing

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Water: Seedbeds - Preparing shallow pits
Conserving Water: Seedbeds - Importance of conserving soil moisture

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe how to prepare a shallow pit
-Prepare a shallow pit for growing crops
-Value the importance of conserving soil moisture

In groups, learner is guided to:
-Choose a suitable location for establishing shallow pits
-Dig a shallow pit of suitable depth and width
-Mix topsoil with compost manure
-Return the mixture into the pit
-Plant a crop in the shallow pit

How do we prepare a shallow pit to conserve soil moisture?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.26
-Jembe
-Fork jembe
-Spade or shovel
-Organic manure
-Seeds for planting
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.27
-Charts and pictures
-Stories about moisture conservation
-Agriculture textbooks and magazines

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Water: Seedbeds - Assessment activity
Conserving Wild Animals: Using Physical Deterrents - Introduction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Apply knowledge on seedbeds that conserve moisture
-Evaluate the effectiveness of different seedbeds
-Appreciate the value of conserving soil moisture

Learner is guided to:
-Identify types of seedbeds from pictures
-Explain how each seedbed conserves soil moisture
-Name crops that can be grown in different seedbeds
-Describe steps for preparing different seedbeds

How effective are different types of seedbeds in conserving soil moisture?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.28
-Pictures of different seedbeds
-Assessment questions
-Writing materials
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.31
-Crossword puzzle
-Pictures of deterrents
-Textbooks or magazines
-Charts

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals: Using Physical Deterrents - Types of physical deterrents
Conserving Wild Animals: Using Physical Deterrents - Making wind-driven propeller

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify types of physical deterrents for wild animals
-Match deterrents with wild animals they keep away
-Value the importance of using appropriate deterrents

Learner is guided to:
-Use digital devices to search for information on deterrents
-Watch videos on various deterrents
-Complete a table matching deterrents with animals they keep away
-Read and discuss a conversation about physical deterrents

What types of physical deterrents can be used to keep away wild animals?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.32
-Digital devices with internet access
-Pictures of physical deterrents
-Table for recording information
-Charts
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.36
-Circular plastic container
-Scissors
-Piece of timber or wood
-Post
-Hammer
-Nail

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals: Using Physical Deterrents - Making flash lights
Conserving Wild Animals: Using Physical Deterrents - Making deterrents
Conserving Wild Animals: Using Physical Deterrents - Using deterrents

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe how to make flash lights as deterrents
-Make simple flash lights as deterrents
-Value the importance of using appropriate deterrents

In groups, learner is guided to:
-Fit dry cells into a torch
-Switch on and off the torch to observe the effect
-Discuss materials needed to make flash lights as deterrents
-Make their own flash lights for future use

How can we make flash lights to deter wild animals?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.37
-Torch
-Dry cells
-Bulb
-Materials for making flash lights
-Locally available materials for making deterrents
-Sketching materials
-Tools for construction
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.38
-Already made physical deterrents
-Materials for making deterrents
-Protective clothing
-School garden or neighboring farms

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Conservation of Resources

Conserving Wild Animals: Using Physical Deterrents - Importance of deterrents
Conserving Wild Animals: Using Physical Deterrents - Assessment activity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain the importance of using physical deterrents
-Discuss benefits of conserving wild animals
-Value the importance of wildlife conservation

Learner is guided to:
-Read a conversation between a game warden and learners
-Discuss the importance of using deterrents instead of harming animals
-Write a summary of benefits of using physical deterrents

Why is it important to use physical deterrents instead of harming wild animals?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.39
-Conversation text
-Charts and pictures
-Writing materials
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.40
-Pictures of physical deterrents
-Assessment questions
-Table for matching deterrents with animals

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Food Production Processes

Rearing Small Domestic Animals - Introduction
Rearing Small Domestic Animals - Routine practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify small domestic animals reared in the community
-Classify domestic animals as big or small
-Appreciate the value of rearing small domestic animals

Learner is guided to:
-Discuss examples of domestic animals
-Classify domestic animals as either big or small
-Identify small domestic animals found in their community
-Discuss cultural practices related to keeping animals

Which small domestic animals are found in your community?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.43
-Pictures of different domestic animals
-Charts
-Digital devices with internet access
-Pictures of routine practices
-Table for categorizing practices
-Charts and diagrams

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Food Production Processes

Rearing Small Domestic Animals - Feeding and watering
Rearing Small Domestic Animals - Sanitation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe feeding and watering as routine practices
-Demonstrate how to feed and water small domestic animals
-Appreciate the importance of proper feeding and watering

In groups, learner is guided to:
-Study pictures of feeding and watering practices
-Discuss types of feeds for different domestic animals
-Discuss frequency of feeding and watering
-Demonstrate feeding and watering small domestic animals

Why is feeding and watering important for small domestic animals?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.45
-Small domestic animals
-Animal feeds
-Water containers
-Pictures of feeding practices
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.46
-Feeding equipment
-Cleaning materials
-Animal shelters

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Food Production Processes

Rearing Small Domestic Animals - Parasites
Rearing Small Domestic Animals - Parasite control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify common parasites that affect small domestic animals
-Discuss the effects of parasites on animals
-Value the importance of parasite control

In groups, learner is guided to:
-Identify animal parasites they know
-Discuss methods used to control animal parasites
-Identify parasites that affect guinea pigs and rabbits
-Share their knowledge with classmates

How do parasites affect small domestic animals?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.47
-Pictures of common animal parasites
-Charts showing parasites
-Digital devices with internet access
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.49
-Print media on parasite control
-Materials for parasite control demonstration

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Food Production Processes

Rearing Small Domestic Animals - Housing needs
Rearing Small Domestic Animals - Housing construction
Rearing Small Domestic Animals - Project documentation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Identify housing needs for small domestic animals
-Explain factors to consider when constructing housing
-Value the importance of proper housing

In groups, learner is guided to:
-Research housing needs for guinea pigs and rabbits
-Discuss important factors (size, materials, safety, comfort, location)
-Prepare list of equipment needed for feeding and watering
-Make arrangements to obtain animals for rearing

What factors should be considered when constructing housing for small domestic animals?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.50
-Digital devices with internet access
-Print media on animal housing
-Pictures of animal housing
-Writing materials
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.51
-Construction materials
-Tools for construction
-Protective clothing
-Examples of animal housing designs
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.52
-Journal templates
-Sample project reports
-Digital devices for documentation

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Food Production Processes

Rearing Small Domestic Animals - Importance of rearing
Rearing Small Domestic Animals - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain the importance of rearing small domestic animals
-Discuss benefits of keeping small domestic animals
-Value the contribution of small domestic animals to livelihoods

In groups, learner is guided to:
-Read a conversation about importance of keeping small domestic animals
-Identify benefits mentioned in the conversation
-Write a speech on why people should keep small domestic animals
-Compose and recite poems on importance of small domestic animals

Why should we rear small domestic animals?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.54
-Conversation text
-Writing materials
-Charts and pictures
-Sample speeches and poems
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.57
-Assessment questions
-Pictures of routine practices

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Food Production Processes

Preserving Crop Products: Fruits and Vegetables - Introduction
Preserving Crop Products: Fruits and Vegetables - Fruit preservation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Explain the meaning of preservation
-Identify reasons for preserving fruits and vegetables
-Appreciate the importance of food preservation

Learner is guided to:
-Recall preservation methods for cereals and pulses learned in grade 5
-Discuss reasons for preserving fruits and vegetables
-List benefits of preserving fruits and vegetables

Why do we need to preserve fruits and vegetables?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.59
-Charts and pictures
-Samples of fruits and vegetables
-Digital devices with internet access
-Resource person
-Video clips on fruit preservation
-Steps for preserving fruits

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Food Production Processes

Preserving Crop Products: Fruits and Vegetables - Practical fruit preservation
Preserving Crop Products: Fruits and Vegetables - Fruit storage

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Demonstrate preservation of fruits by sun-drying
-Apply hygiene measures during preservation
-Value the importance of food preservation

In groups, learner is guided to:
-Wash mangoes using clean water
-Peel and slice mangoes into thin slices
-Spread slices on a tray or mat
-Place tray in a sunny location with good air circulation
-Cover with a clean net to keep away insects and dust
-Turn slices regularly to ensure even drying

What are the steps for sun-drying fruits?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.61
-Ripe mangoes
-Sharp knife
-Clean water
-Rack, thin net
-Chopping board
-Clean tray
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.62
-Airtight containers
-Sun-dried fruits
-Stickers for labeling
-Pictures of storage containers

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project

Food Production Processes

Preserving Crop Products: Fruits and Vegetables - Vegetable preservation
Preserving Crop Products: Fruits and Vegetables - Practical vegetable preservation
Preserving Crop Products: Fruits and Vegetables - Vegetable storage
Preserving Crop Products: Fruits and Vegetables - Assessment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

-Describe methods of preserving vegetables
-Explain procedure for sun-drying vegetables
-Value the importance of preserving vegetables

Learner is guided to:
-Read information on how to preserve sukuma wiki by sun-drying
-Identify steps involved in preserving vegetables
-Discuss importance of blanching vegetables before drying
-Discuss hygiene measures when preserving vegetables

How can we preserve vegetables using sun-drying method?

Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.63
-Charts and pictures
-Information on vegetable preservation
-Digital devices with internet access
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.64
-Sukuma wiki
-Sharp knife
-Clean water
-Rack, clean thin net
-Chopping board
-Clean drying mat
-Information on vegetable storage
-Airtight containers
-Sun-dried vegetables
-Digital devices for research
Oxford Modern Agriculture Learner's Book Grade 6, p.66
-Assessment questions
-Case studies on food preservation
-Writing materials

Observation of learning -Tests (written and oral) -Project