Living Things and Their Environment

Invertebrates Introduction
Invertebrates Safety

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Define invertebrates
Identify common invertebrates in the environment
Show interest in learning about invertebrates

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use print and non-print materials to search for information on common invertebrates
Discuss different types of invertebrates
Observe pictures or videos of common invertebrates

What are invertebrates?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 8
Digital devices
Charts showing invertebrates
Internet access
pg. 9
Safety equipment (gloves, containers)
Charts showing safety precautions
Digital resources

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Invertebrates Characteristics
Invertebrates Insects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Describe the general characteristics of invertebrates
Classify invertebrates based on their features
Appreciate the diversity of invertebrates

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use print and non-print materials to search for information on characteristics of invertebrates
Classify invertebrates based on their features
Draw and label different invertebrates

What are the common features of invertebrates?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 10
Digital devices
Charts showing invertebrate features
Internet access
pg. 11
Insect specimens or pictures
Charts

- Observation Oral questions Written tests

Living Things and Their Environment

Invertebrates Spiders and ticks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify spiders, ticks, and mites in the environment
Describe the characteristics of spiders, ticks, and mites
Show interest in learning about arachnids

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe pictures or specimens of spiders, ticks, and mites
Discuss the characteristics of spiders, ticks, and mites
Draw and label spiders, ticks, and mites

How do spiders differ from insects?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 12
Pictures or specimens of spiders, ticks, and mites
Digital devices
Charts

- Observation Oral questions Written tests

Living Things and Their Environment

Invertebrates Millipedes and centipedes
Invertebrates Snails and slugs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify millipedes and centipedes in the environment
Describe the characteristics of millipedes and centipedes
Appreciate the diversity of invertebrates

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe pictures or specimens of millipedes and centipedes
Discuss the characteristics of millipedes and centipedes
Compare and contrast millipedes and centipedes

How do millipedes differ from centipedes?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 13
Pictures or specimens of millipedes and centipedes
Digital devices
Charts
pg. 14
Pictures or specimens of snails and slugs

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Invertebrates Worms
Human Circulatory System Main parts

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify worms in the environment
Describe the characteristics of worms
Appreciate the role of worms in soil aeration

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe pictures or specimens of different types of worms
Discuss the characteristics of worms
Explain the importance of earthworms in soil aeration

How are worms important to the environment?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 15
Pictures or specimens of worms
Digital devices
Charts
pg. 22
Charts showing the circulatory system
Internet access

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Circulatory System Heart structure
Human Circulatory System Heart function

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify the parts of the heart
Explain the functions of different parts of the heart
Appreciate the complexity of the heart

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices or charts to observe the parts of the heart
Discuss the functions of the auricles and ventricles
Draw and label the parts of the heart

What are the parts of the heart and their functions?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 24
Digital devices
Charts showing the heart
Internet access
pg. 25
Video clips
Stethoscope (if available)
Charts

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Circulatory System Blood vessels

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Identify major blood vessels in the human body
Explain the functions of arteries, veins, and capillaries
Appreciate the organization of blood vessels

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Collaboratively discuss the functions of the main blood vessels
Identify the differences between arteries, veins, and capillaries
Draw and label the major blood vessels

What are the different types of blood vessels and their functions?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 26
Digital devices
Charts showing blood vessels
Internet access

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Circulatory System Arteries
Human Circulatory System Veins

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the structure and function of arteries
Describe how arteries carry blood away from the heart
Show interest in learning about blood circulation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the structure of arteries and why they have thick walls
Explain how arteries carry blood away from the heart
Draw and label the structure of an artery

Why do arteries have thick walls?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 27
Digital devices
Charts showing artery structure
Internet access
pg. 28
Charts showing vein structure

- Observation Oral questions Written tests

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Circulatory System Capillaries
Human Circulatory System Blood components

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the structure and function of capillaries
Describe how capillaries connect arteries and veins
Show interest in learning about gas exchange

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the structure of capillaries and why they have thin walls
Explain how capillaries connect arteries and veins
Describe how gas exchange occurs in capillaries

How do capillaries connect arteries and veins?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 29
Digital devices
Charts showing capillary structure
Internet access
pg. 30
Charts showing blood components

- Observation Oral questions Written tests

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Circulatory System Red blood cells

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the function of red blood cells
Describe how oxygen is transported in the body
Show interest in learning about blood functions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the structure of red blood cells and how they transport oxygen
Explain the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport
Draw and label a red blood cell

How do red blood cells transport oxygen?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 31
Digital devices
Charts showing red blood cells
Internet access

- Observation Oral questions Written tests

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Circulatory System White blood cells
Human Circulatory System Platelets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the function of white blood cells
Describe how the body fights disease
Appreciate the body's defense mechanisms

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the structure and function of white blood cells
Explain how white blood cells fight disease
Draw and label a white blood cell

How do white blood cells fight disease?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 32
Digital devices
Charts showing white blood cells
Internet access
pg. 33
Charts showing platelets and blood clotting

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Circulatory System Plasma
Human Circulatory System Health conditions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the function of plasma
Describe how plasma transports nutrients and waste
Appreciate the role of plasma in homeostasis

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the composition and function of plasma
Explain how plasma transports substances in the body
Create a diagram showing plasma functions

What role does plasma play in blood transport?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 34
Digital devices
Charts showing plasma
Internet access
pg. 35
Charts

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Living Things and Their Environment

Human Circulatory System Diet and heart

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the relationship between diet and heart health
Identify heart-healthy foods
Show interest in healthy eating habits

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how diet affects heart health
Identify foods that promote heart health
Create a poster showing heart-healthy foods and those to avoid

How does diet affect heart health?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 35
Digital devices
Charts
Food samples or pictures
Internet access

- Observation Oral questions Written tests

Living Things and Their Environment
Matter
Matter
Matter

Human Circulatory System Healthy lifestyle
Change of state Melting
Change of state Evaporation
Change of state Sublimation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Develop a routine plan for maintaining a healthy circulatory system
Explain the importance of exercise for heart health
Appreciate the need for a healthy lifestyle

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss ways of maintaining a healthy human circulatory system
Develop a routine plan for maintaining a healthy circulatory system
Share and review plans with peers

What measures enhance a healthy human circulatory system?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 35
Digital devices
Charts
Internet access
Cooking fat
Source of heat
Metal plate or pan
Safety equipment
pg. 36
Water
Container for heating water
pg. 37
Mothballs
Metal plate

- Observation Oral questions Written assignments

Matter

Change of state Condensation
Change of state Freezing
Change of state Deposition

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Demonstrate condensation using boiling water and a cold surface
Explain how gases change to liquids when cooled
Appreciate condensation in daily life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Boil water and hold a cold lid above it to demonstrate condensation
Observe and record the formation of water droplets
Discuss examples of condensation in nature and daily life

How does water vapor change into liquid water?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 38
Water
Container for heating
Cold lid or plate
Source of heat
Safety equipment
pg. 39
Ice cubes (if available)
Pictures of freezing examples
pg. 40
Digital devices (if available)
Pictures of frost
Diagrams showing deposition

- Observation Oral questions Written records

Matter

Change of state Heating effects
Change of state Cooling effects
Change of state Drying clothes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain the effects of heat on matter
Identify changes that occur when matter is heated
Appreciate heating in daily life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the effects of heat on matter
Demonstrate different heating effects
Relate to everyday experiences

What happens when matter is heated?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 42
Various materials for heating
Source of heat
Safety equipment
pg. 43
Various materials for cooling
Ice/cold water
Small pieces of wet cloth
Sunny area
Pictures showing clothes drying

- Observation Oral questions Written assessment

Matter

Change of state Drying foods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain how evaporation is used in food preservation
Describe traditional methods of drying foods
Appreciate food preservation techniques

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss traditional methods of drying foods
Observe pictures of food drying processes
Relate the process to evaporation

How is evaporation used to preserve foods?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 45
Pictures of dried foods
Samples of dried foods (if available)
Digital resources

- Observation Oral questions Written assessment

Matter

Change of state Making ice
Change of state Cooling our bodies

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain how freezing is used to make ice
Describe the uses of ice in everyday life
Appreciate the importance of freezing

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how water changes to ice
Explore the uses of ice in daily life
Relate the process to freezing

How is ice made and used?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 46
Ice cubes (if available)
Pictures showing ice uses
Digital resources
pg. 47
Water
Charts showing body cooling

- Observation Oral questions Written assessment

Matter

Change of state Rainfall formation
Change of state Candle making

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Explain how evaporation and condensation contribute to rainfall
Describe the water cycle
Appreciate the importance of rainfall

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the water cycle
Create diagrams showing rainfall formation
Relate the process to evaporation and condensation

How is rain formed?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 48
Charts showing water cycle
Digital resources
Diagrams of rainfall formation
pg. 49
Waste candle wax
Cotton thread for wicks
Small containers
Source of heat
Safety equipment

- Observation Oral questions Diagrams

Matter

Change of state Repairing plastics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:

Demonstrate how to repair broken plastic containers
Explain the changes of state involved in plastic repair
Appreciate recycling and reuse

- Demonstrate plastic repair using heat
Explain the changes of state during the process
Guide learners to repair broken plastic items

How can we repair broken plastic containers?

- mentor science and technology
pg. 49
Broken plastic containers
Knife
Source of heat
Safety equipment
Oven gloves

- Observation Project assessment Practical skills