Crop Production

Field Management Practices - Practical top dressing
Growing Selected Crops - Crops established through nursery bed

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out top dressing on selected crops
- Apply appropriate fertilizers using correct methods
- Apply top dressing skills to boost crop production in school farms

- Identify crops ready for top dressing
- Apply appropriate fertilizer using correct method
- Water plants after fertilizer application

How do we safely apply fertilizers to growing crops?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 53
- School farm
- Fertilizers
- Watering can
- Protective clothing
- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 56
- Digital devices
- Print media
- Pictures of nursery crops

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project reports

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crops - Site selection and nursery bed preparation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify suitable site for nursery bed
- Prepare a nursery bed for raising seedlings
- Apply site selection criteria to establish functional nursery beds

- Select suitable site near water source
- Clear and dig the nursery bed site
- Measure and mark nursery bed dimensions

What factors should we consider when choosing a nursery bed site?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 57
- School compound
- Garden tools
- Tape measure
- Manure

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project reports

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crops - Sowing seeds in nursery bed
Growing Selected Crops - Watering, mulching and shading

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prepare drills for sowing seeds
- Sow seeds in the nursery bed correctly
- Apply proper sowing techniques for successful seed germination

- Make shallow drills in the nursery bed
- Sow vegetable seeds along the drills
- Cover seeds lightly and apply mulch

How deep should seeds be sown in a nursery bed?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 58
- Prepared nursery bed
- Seeds
- Mulching material
- Watering can
- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 59
- Nursery bed
- Watering can
- Mulching materials
- Shade construction materials

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project reports

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crops - Pricking out, weeding and pest control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out pricking out and weed control in nursery
- Control pests and diseases in nursery bed
- Apply nursery management skills to raise healthy seedlings

- Remove excess seedlings through pricking out
- Uproot weeds from nursery bed
- Identify and control pests and diseases

How do we prevent overcrowding of seedlings in a nursery bed?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 59
- Nursery bed with seedlings
- Gloves
- Garden trowel

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crops - Hardening off seedlings
Growing Selected Crops - Preparing for transplanting

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain hardening off and its importance
- Carry out hardening off of seedlings
- Connect hardening off to better seedling survival after transplanting

- Discuss the process and importance of hardening off
- Gradually remove shading materials
- Reduce watering frequency before transplanting

Why should seedlings be hardened off before transplanting?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 60
- Nursery bed with seedlings
- Watering can
- Seedbed
- Garden tools
- Watering can
- Manure

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignment

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crops - Lifting and transplanting seedlings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Lift seedlings with minimal root damage
- Transplant seedlings into prepared field
- Apply transplanting techniques to establish crops successfully

- Lift seedlings with lump of soil using garden trowel
- Plant seedlings in prepared holes
- Firm soil around seedling base and water

What precautions should we take to avoid damaging seedling roots?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 61
- Nursery bed
- Prepared field
- Garden trowel
- Watering can

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project reports

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crops - Watering and mulching transplanted seedlings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out watering of transplanted seedlings
- Apply mulch around transplanted seedlings
- Relate regular watering to successful crop establishment

- Water transplanted seedlings regularly
- Apply mulch around base of seedlings
- Monitor seedling establishment

How often should transplanted seedlings be watered?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 63
- Transplanted seedlings
- Watering can
- Mulching materials

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crops - Weeding and manure application

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out weeding in crop field
- Apply manure to transplanted crops
- Connect weed control to reduced competition for nutrients by crops

- Identify and remove weeds from crop field
- Apply manure or compost to growing crops
- Observe crop growth after management practices

Why is timely weeding important for crop growth?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 64
- Crop field
- Garden tools
- Manure
- Gloves

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project reports

Crop Production

Growing Selected Crops - Pest, disease control and protection

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Control pests and diseases on transplanted crops
- Protect seedlings from physical damage
- Apply pest control methods to maintain healthy crop stand

- Inspect crops for pests and diseases
- Apply wood ash or handpick pests
- Construct protective structures around tree seedlings

How can we protect young crops from pests and animals?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 65
- Crop field
- Wood ash
- Gloves
- Protective materials

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Identifying weeds in a crop field

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify common weeds in crop fields
- Describe unique characteristics of different weeds
- Relate weed identification to effective control measures on farms

- Take excursion to identify weeds in crop fields
- Observe and describe characteristics of weeds
- Collect weed samples for further study

How can we recognize different types of weeds in our farms?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 68
- Local crop fields
- Digital devices
- Protective clothing

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignment

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Common weeds and their characteristics

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify common weeds: black jack, Mexican marigold, oxalis
- Describe characteristics of each weed
- Connect weed characteristics to their spread in crop fields

- Study table of weeds and their characteristics
- Identify weeds: black jack, Mexican marigold, oxalis, double thorn
- Discuss unique features of each weed

What makes each type of weed easy to identify?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 69
- Weed samples
- Pictures of weeds
- Digital devices

- Written test - Oral questions - Observation

Crop Production

Crop Protection - More common weeds
Crop Protection - Making a herbarium of weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify weeds: couch grass, nut grass, wandering jew, sow thistle
- Describe their characteristics and where they are found
- Relate weed habitat preferences to their control strategies

- Study weeds: couch grass, nut grass, wandering jew, sow thistle
- Discuss characteristics and habitats
- Use digital devices to research more weeds

Why do some weeds grow better in certain areas than others?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 70
- Weed samples
- Pictures of weeds
- Digital devices
- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 74
- Collected weeds
- Cardboard
- Manila paper
- Adhesive

- Written assignment - Oral questions - Observation

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Classification by morphology

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Classify weeds based on leaf morphology
- Distinguish between broad-leafed and narrow-leafed weeds
- Apply weed classification to select appropriate control methods

- Discuss classification of weeds by morphology
- Identify broad-leafed weeds: black jack, black nightshade
- Identify narrow-leafed weeds: couch grass, nut grass

How does leaf shape help in classifying weeds?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 76
- Weed samples
- Pictures of weeds
- Digital devices

- Written test - Oral questions - Observation

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Classification by growth cycle
Crop Protection - Physical and cultural methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Classify weeds based on growth cycle
- Distinguish annual, biennial and perennial weeds
- Connect weed life cycle to timing of control measures

- Discuss classification: annual, biennial, perennial weeds
- Identify examples of each category
- Research growth cycles using digital devices

Why are perennial weeds more difficult to control than annual weeds?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 76
- Weed samples
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 77
- Pictures of weed control
- Garden tools
- Digital devices

- Written assignment - Oral questions - Observation

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Chemical, biological and legislative methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe chemical method of weed control
- Explain biological and legislative methods
- Connect herbicide use to safety precautions required during application

- Discuss chemical method: herbicides, types of herbicides
- Discuss biological method: grazing animals
- Explain legislative methods and their importance

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using herbicides?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 79
- Pictures of chemical application
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Written assignment - Oral questions - Observation

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Practical weed control

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out weed control using physical methods
- Apply cultural weed control methods
- Use integrated weed control to manage weeds effectively

- Put on protective clothing
- Uproot and slash weeds in crop field
- Apply mulch and practice integrated weed control

How do we combine different methods to control weeds effectively?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 80
- Crop field
- Garden tools
- Protective clothing
- Mulching materials

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project reports

Crop Production

Crop Protection - Harmful and beneficial effects of weeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain harmful effects of weeds on crop production
- Describe beneficial uses of weeds
- Relate weed effects to economic decisions made by farmers

- Discuss harmful effects: competition, harbouring pests, poisoning
- Discuss benefits: food, medicine, livestock feed, soil cover
- Make presentations on economic importance of weeds

Can weeds ever be useful to farmers?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 81
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Manila papers

- Written test - Oral questions - Observation

Crop Production

General Crop Harvesting - Factors determining harvesting of crop produce
General Crop Harvesting - Pre-harvesting, harvesting and post-harvest practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain factors that determine harvesting of crop produce
- Describe how timing and stage of growth affect harvesting
- Connect proper harvest timing to quality of produce sold in local markets

- Study photographs of crops at different maturity stages
- Discuss factors: timing, stage of growth, purpose
- Search for information using digital devices

How do farmers know when crops are ready for harvesting?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 84
- Pictures of mature crops
- Digital devices
- Reference materials
- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 86
- Pictures of harvesting process

- Written test - Oral questions - Observation

Crop Production

General Crop Harvesting - Harvesting potatoes and cassava

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the process of harvesting potatoes
- Explain harvesting of cassava and sweet potatoes
- Apply proper harvesting techniques to avoid tuber damage

- Discuss signs of maturity in potatoes
- Explain dehaulming and digging of potatoes
- Discuss harvesting of cassava and sweet potatoes

How do we harvest tubers without damaging them?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 88
- Pictures of tuber harvesting
- Garden fork
- Digital devices

- Written test - Oral questions - Observation

Crop Production

General Crop Harvesting - Post-harvest handling of tubers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out post-harvest practices on tubers
- Explain cleaning, sorting, grading and curing
- Relate proper post-harvest handling to longer storage life of tubers

- Discuss cleaning and sorting of harvested tubers
- Explain grading, curing and processing
- Discuss packing and storage of tubers

Why is curing important for harvested potatoes?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 90
- Harvested tubers
- Containers
- Storage materials

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Crop Production

General Crop Harvesting - Harvesting maize and millet
General Crop Harvesting - Importance of harvesting process in crop production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe signs of maturity in cereals
- Explain the process of harvesting maize and millet
- Connect timely cereal harvesting to prevention of field losses

- Discuss signs of physiological maturity in maize and millet
- Explain harvesting methods: dehusking, cutting panicles
- Discuss post-harvest drying and threshing

How do we know when maize is ready for harvesting as dry grain?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 92
- Pictures of cereal harvesting
- Sickle
- Digital devices
- Healthy Planet Agriculture Learner's Book pg. 96
- Resource person
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Written test - Oral questions - Observation

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Dairy cattle breeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe characteristic features of dairy cattle breeds
- Differentiate between Friesian, Ayrshire, Guernsey and Jersey breeds
- Relate cattle breed selection to milk production goals in dairy farming

- Use digital devices to search for information on dairy cattle breeds
- Observe pictures and videos of dairy cattle breeds
- Discuss characteristic features of Friesian, Ayrshire, Guernsey and Jersey breeds
- Compare milk production levels of different dairy breeds

How do livestock breeds affect the productivity of animals?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 99
- Pictures and photographs of dairy cattle breeds
- Digital devices
- Video clips on cattle breeds

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Beef cattle breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Dual-purpose and indigenous cattle breeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify characteristic features of beef cattle breeds
- Describe Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Charolais and Boran breeds
- Connect beef breed characteristics to ranching and meat production enterprises

- Study pictures showing beef cattle breeds
- Discuss characteristics of Aberdeen Angus, Hereford, Charolais, Galloway and Boran
- Compare body conformation of beef cattle breeds
- Observe videos of beef cattle

How do livestock breeds affect the productivity of animals?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 103
- Pictures of beef cattle breeds
- Digital devices
- Charts showing cattle classification
- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 105
- Pictures of dual-purpose breeds
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Pig breeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify common pig breeds reared in Kenya
- Distinguish between porker and baconer pig breeds
- Link pig breed selection to pork and bacon production in commercial piggery

- Use digital devices to search for information on pig breeds
- Study pictures of Large White, Landrace, Wessex Saddleback, Berkshire and Duroc Jersey
- Discuss characteristics of porkers and baconers
- Compare physical features of different pig breeds

How do livestock breeds affect the productivity of animals?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 109
- Pictures of pig breeds
- Digital devices
- Video clips on pig farming

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Rabbit breeds
Breeds of Livestock - Sheep breeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe characteristic features of common rabbit breeds
- Classify rabbits according to their purpose (meat or fur)
- Relate rabbit breed selection to household protein needs and income generation

- Observe pictures of rabbit breeds such as California White, New Zealand White, Chinchilla and Angora
- Discuss characteristics of meat and fur rabbit breeds
- Search for information on rabbit breeds using digital devices

How do livestock breeds affect the productivity of animals?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 112
- Pictures of rabbit breeds
- Digital devices
- Live rabbits if available
- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 116
- Pictures of sheep breeds
- Charts showing breed classification

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Goat breeds

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe characteristic features of common goat breeds
- Classify goats into dairy, meat and hair breeds
- Link goat breed selection to milk, meat or mohair production goals

- Observe pictures of goat breeds (Saanen, Toggenburg, Anglo-Nubian, Boer, Galla, Angora)
- Discuss characteristics of dairy, meat and hair goats
- Compare productivity of different goat breeds

How do livestock breeds affect the productivity of animals?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 119
- Pictures of goat breeds
- Digital devices
- Live goats if available

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Animal Production

Breeds of Livestock - Contribution of animal production to the economy
Safe Handling of Animals - Forms of inhumane treatment of animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the role of animal production in Kenya's economy
- Analyse benefits of different livestock breeds to farmers
- Connect livestock keeping to employment, income generation and food security in local communities

- Discuss how animal production contributes to food security, employment and income
- Make presentations on comparative productivity from various livestock breeds
- Discuss socio-cultural values of livestock in different communities

How does animal production sector contribute to the country's economy?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 122
- Charts showing economic benefits
- Digital devices
- Resource person
- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 126
- Pictures showing inhumane treatment
- Video clips on animal handling

- Oral questions - Written tests - Class presentations

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Structures used to safely handle domestic animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe structures used for safe handling of domestic animals
- Explain how each structure ensures safety during animal handling
- Link structure design to specific animal management practices like vaccination, spraying or milking

- Use digital resources to observe crush pens, holding yards, raceways and farrowing crates
- Discuss how milking stalls and squeeze chutes ensure safety
- Draw and label structures used for animal handling

How can we ensure safety when handling animals?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 129
- Pictures of animal handling structures
- Digital devices
- Video clips showing structures in use

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Ways of ensuring safety of persons handling animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain ways of ensuring safety of persons handling domestic animals
- Demonstrate correct positioning when handling animals
- Apply safety knowledge to prevent injuries when working with livestock at home or school

- Discuss appropriate methods of restraining animals
- Practise correct positioning when approaching animals
- Demonstrate holding appropriate parts of animals
- Discuss importance of maintaining safe distance

How can we ensure safety when handling animals?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 131
- Restraining equipment (ropes, halters)
- Protective clothing
- Docile animals for demonstration

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Ways of ensuring safety of persons handling animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain ways of ensuring safety of persons handling domestic animals
- Demonstrate correct positioning when handling animals
- Apply safety knowledge to prevent injuries when working with livestock at home or school

- Discuss appropriate methods of restraining animals
- Practise correct positioning when approaching animals
- Demonstrate holding appropriate parts of animals
- Discuss importance of maintaining safe distance

How can we ensure safety when handling animals?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 131
- Restraining equipment (ropes, halters)
- Protective clothing
- Docile animals for demonstration

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Practical safe handling of domestic animals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Handle docile animals using safe methods
- Apply appropriate restraining techniques
- Use learned handling skills to assist in routine animal management activities

- Wear protective clothing before handling animals
- Practise restraining animals using appropriate methods
- Demonstrate correct approach and positioning
- Handle docile animals under guidance of stockman

How can we ensure safety when handling animals?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 131
- Protective clothing
- Restraining equipment
- Docile animals
- School farm

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Promoting safety of domestic animals in the community

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Create promotional materials on animal safety
- Develop talking points for promoting animal welfare
- Use knowledge to advocate for humane animal treatment in the local community

- Write talking points for promoting safety of animals
- Create posters showing safe ways of handling animals
- Discuss how animal safety can be improved in the community

How can we ensure safety when handling animals?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 133
- Manila paper
- Marker pens
- Colouring materials
- Digital camera

- Project assessment - Observation - Oral presentations

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Promoting safety of domestic animals in the community

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Create promotional materials on animal safety
- Develop talking points for promoting animal welfare
- Use knowledge to advocate for humane animal treatment in the local community

- Write talking points for promoting safety of animals
- Create posters showing safe ways of handling animals
- Discuss how animal safety can be improved in the community

How can we ensure safety when handling animals?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 133
- Manila paper
- Marker pens
- Colouring materials
- Digital camera

- Project assessment - Observation - Oral presentations

Animal Production

Safe Handling of Animals - Excursion to observe animal handling practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Observe animal handling practices in the community
- Document safe and unsafe handling practices
- Apply observations to recommend improvements in animal handling at school or home

- Visit nearby farms to observe animal handling
- Take photographs of safe animal handling techniques
- Discuss observations with classmates
- Share experiences after the excursion

How can we ensure safety when handling animals?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 133
- Notebooks and pens
- Smartphones or cameras
- Protective clothing

- Written reports - Oral presentations - Observation

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Benefits of keeping animals healthy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain benefits of keeping animals healthy in livestock production
- Describe how animal health affects productivity
- Connect animal health practices to higher profits and sustainable farming

- Use digital devices to search for information on benefits of healthy animals
- Discuss how healthy animals produce quality products
- Explain how healthy animals fetch high market prices

How is animal health important in animal production?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 135
- Digital devices
- Charts showing benefits of healthy animals
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Class discussions

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Benefits of keeping animals healthy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain benefits of keeping animals healthy in livestock production
- Describe how animal health affects productivity
- Connect animal health practices to higher profits and sustainable farming

- Use digital devices to search for information on benefits of healthy animals
- Discuss how healthy animals produce quality products
- Explain how healthy animals fetch high market prices

How is animal health important in animal production?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 135
- Digital devices
- Charts showing benefits of healthy animals
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Class discussions

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Signs of normal health in livestock

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify signs of normal health in livestock
- Describe characteristics of healthy animals
- Apply knowledge to quickly identify healthy animals when purchasing livestock

- Observe healthy animals in school farm or nearby farm
- Discuss signs of normal health such as alertness, good appetite and smooth coat
- Record observations on healthy animal characteristics

How is animal health important in animal production?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 136
- Healthy animals for observation
- Charts showing signs of health
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Signs of ill health in livestock

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify signs of ill health in livestock
- Compare signs of ill health and normal health
- Use knowledge to detect sick animals early for timely treatment and prevention of disease spread

- Discuss with a resource person signs of ill health in animals
- Compare characteristics of sick and healthy animals
- Observe pictures and videos showing sick animals

How is animal health important in animal production?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 136
- Pictures of sick animals
- Digital devices
- Resource person (veterinarian)

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Class discussions

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Preventive control measures against ill health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain preventive control measures against ill health in livestock
- Describe proper housing and sanitation practices
- Apply preventive measures to maintain healthy animals and reduce veterinary costs

- Discuss preventive measures such as proper housing, sanitation and proper feeding
- Explain importance of vaccination and prophylaxis
- Discuss quarantine and its importance

What measures can be used to prevent animal diseases?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 137
- Pictures showing control measures
- Digital devices
- Charts on disease prevention

- Oral questions - Written tests - Class discussions

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Preventive control measures against ill health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain preventive control measures against ill health in livestock
- Describe proper housing and sanitation practices
- Apply preventive measures to maintain healthy animals and reduce veterinary costs

- Discuss preventive measures such as proper housing, sanitation and proper feeding
- Explain importance of vaccination and prophylaxis
- Discuss quarantine and its importance

What measures can be used to prevent animal diseases?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 137
- Pictures showing control measures
- Digital devices
- Charts on disease prevention

- Oral questions - Written tests - Class discussions

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Curative control measures against ill health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe curative control measures against ill health
- Explain isolation and treatment of sick animals
- Connect timely treatment to reduced mortality and maintained productivity

- Discuss isolation and treatment of sick animals
- Explain dipping, spraying and drenching as control measures
- Discuss importance of culling in disease control

What measures can be used to prevent animal diseases?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 139
- Pictures showing treatment procedures
- Digital devices
- Sample drugs and equipment

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Practical control measures in livestock production

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out applicable control measures against ill health
- Practise sanitation in animal housing
- Apply disease control skills to maintain healthy animals in school or home enterprises

- Carry out cleaning and disinfecting of animal housing
- Practise proper feeding and watering of animals
- Assist in parasite control activities
- Record health management activities

What measures can be used to prevent animal diseases?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 140
- Cleaning equipment
- Disinfectants
- School farm animals
- Protective clothing

- Practical assessment - Observation - Written reports

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Keeping animal health records

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain importance of keeping animal health records
- Design simple health record templates
- Use health records to track animal welfare and plan disease prevention activities

- Discuss types of health records (vaccination, treatment, deworming)
- Design simple health record templates
- Practise recording health management activities

What measures can be used to prevent animal diseases?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 140
- Sample health record templates
- Exercise books
- Digital devices

- Written assignments - Practical assessment - Observation

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Keeping animal health records

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain importance of keeping animal health records
- Design simple health record templates
- Use health records to track animal welfare and plan disease prevention activities

- Discuss types of health records (vaccination, treatment, deworming)
- Design simple health record templates
- Practise recording health management activities

What measures can be used to prevent animal diseases?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 140
- Sample health record templates
- Exercise books
- Digital devices

- Written assignments - Practical assessment - Observation

Animal Production

General Animal Health - Zoonotic diseases and public health

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the concept of zoonotic diseases
- Identify common zoonotic diseases from livestock
- Apply knowledge to protect family members and community from animal-transmitted diseases

- Discuss diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans
- Explain how to prevent zoonotic diseases
- Discuss importance of reporting notifiable diseases

How is animal health important in animal production?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 140
- Charts on zoonotic diseases
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written tests - Class discussions

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Factors considered in siting an apiary

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain factors to consider when siting an apiary
- Describe suitable locations for beehives
- Apply site selection knowledge to establish a productive apiary at school or home

- Discuss factors such as nearness to water and nectar sources
- Explain importance of shade and protection from wind
- Discuss why apiaries should be away from roads and homesteads

How are bees reared?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 142
- Pictures of apiaries
- Digital devices
- Reference books

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Types of hives used in beekeeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe types of hives used in beekeeping
- Compare traditional and modern hives
- Select appropriate hive types based on available resources and production goals

- Study pictures of traditional hives (logs, baskets, gourds)
- Discuss Kenya Top Bar Hive and Langstroth hive
- Compare advantages of different hive types

How are bees reared?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 144
- Pictures of different hives
- Actual hives or models
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Types of hives used in beekeeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe types of hives used in beekeeping
- Compare traditional and modern hives
- Select appropriate hive types based on available resources and production goals

- Study pictures of traditional hives (logs, baskets, gourds)
- Discuss Kenya Top Bar Hive and Langstroth hive
- Compare advantages of different hive types

How are bees reared?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 144
- Pictures of different hives
- Actual hives or models
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Animal Production

Beekeeping - The process of stocking a hive

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the process of stocking a hive with bees
- Explain methods of attracting bees to a hive
- Apply stocking techniques to establish a bee colony

- Use digital resources to search for information on stocking hives
- Discuss methods such as using swarm nets and catcher boxes
- Explain how to attract bees using aromatic substances

How are bees reared?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 146
- Pictures showing hive stocking
- Digital devices
- Swarm net model

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Class discussions

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Safe apiary management practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe safe apiary management practices
- Explain how to control predators and pests in an apiary
- Apply management practices to maintain productive bee colonies

- Discuss providing water and flowering plants for bees
- Explain controlling predators like honey badgers and ants
- Discuss importance of timely harvesting and hive maintenance

How are bees reared?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 147
- Pictures showing apiary management
- Digital devices
- Beekeeping equipment

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Safe apiary management practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe safe apiary management practices
- Explain how to control predators and pests in an apiary
- Apply management practices to maintain productive bee colonies

- Discuss providing water and flowering plants for bees
- Explain controlling predators like honey badgers and ants
- Discuss importance of timely harvesting and hive maintenance

How are bees reared?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 147
- Pictures showing apiary management
- Digital devices
- Beekeeping equipment

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Carrying out safe apiary management practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out safe apiary management practices
- Demonstrate proper use of beekeeping equipment
- Apply management skills to maintain a school or community apiary

- Wear protective gear (beekeeping suit)
- Practise providing water for bees
- Carry out predator and pest control activities
- Assist in cleaning and repairing hives

How are bees reared?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 149
- Beekeeping suit
- Smoker and hive tool
- School apiary or model

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Unexpected behaviours of bees in a colony

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain causes of unexpected behaviours of bees
- Describe swarming, absconding and migration
- Apply knowledge to prevent bee colony losses through proper management

- Discuss causes of swarming in bee colonies
- Explain reasons for absconding and migration
- Discuss how to prevent unexpected behaviours through proper management

How are bees reared?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 150
- Pictures showing bee swarming
- Digital devices
- Video clips on bee behaviour

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Class discussions

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Honey harvesting equipment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify equipment used for harvesting honey
- Explain the use of each harvesting equipment
- Select appropriate equipment for safe and efficient honey harvesting

- Study honey harvesting equipment (smoker, hive tool, bee brush, protective gear)
- Discuss the use of each equipment
- Demonstrate handling of harvesting equipment

How are bees reared?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 151
- Honey harvesting equipment
- Pictures of equipment
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Honey harvesting equipment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify equipment used for harvesting honey
- Explain the use of each harvesting equipment
- Select appropriate equipment for safe and efficient honey harvesting

- Study honey harvesting equipment (smoker, hive tool, bee brush, protective gear)
- Discuss the use of each equipment
- Demonstrate handling of harvesting equipment

How are bees reared?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 151
- Honey harvesting equipment
- Pictures of equipment
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Observation - Written tests

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Honey harvesting process

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the process of harvesting honey
- Simulate honey harvesting from a bee hive
- Apply harvesting techniques to obtain quality honey without harming bees

- Discuss steps in honey harvesting process
- Use mockup activity to demonstrate honey harvesting
- Explain importance of harvesting only mature honey

How are bees reared?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 152
- Model hive
- Harvesting equipment
- Video clips on honey harvesting

- Practical assessment - Observation - Oral questions

Animal Production

Beekeeping - Importance of beekeeping in the economy

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of beekeeping to the economy
- Describe benefits of bee products to farmers
- Connect beekeeping to income generation, employment and environmental conservation

- Discuss how bees contribute to pollination
- Explain economic benefits of honey and beeswax
- Discuss employment opportunities in beekeeping
- Present on importance of beekeeping to the community

How are bees reared?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 154
- Samples of bee products
- Digital devices
- Charts on benefits of beekeeping

- Oral questions - Written tests - Class presentations

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Developing a project plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Develop a project plan for rearing a selected animal
- Define project outcomes and scope
- Apply planning skills to establish viable poultry or beekeeping enterprises

- Discuss components of a project plan (outcomes, scope, timelines)
- Select an animal (birds or insects) for the project
- Write a project plan using provided template

How can animal rearing project be carried out?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 156
- Project plan templates
- Digital devices
- Reference materials

- Written assignments - Oral presentations - Observation

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Preparing a budget for the project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prepare a budget for an animal rearing project
- Identify sources of funds for the project
- Apply budgeting skills to manage resources efficiently in farming enterprises

- Discuss components of a project budget
- List items needed and their costs
- Identify sources of funds (school, donations)
- Present budget for approval

How can animal rearing project be carried out?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 158
- Budget templates
- Calculator
- Price lists of materials

- Written assignments - Oral presentations - Project assessment

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Preparing a budget for the project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Prepare a budget for an animal rearing project
- Identify sources of funds for the project
- Apply budgeting skills to manage resources efficiently in farming enterprises

- Discuss components of a project budget
- List items needed and their costs
- Identify sources of funds (school, donations)
- Present budget for approval

How can animal rearing project be carried out?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 158
- Budget templates
- Calculator
- Price lists of materials

- Written assignments - Oral presentations - Project assessment

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Implementing the project plan (Site and structures)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Select a suitable site for the animal rearing project
- Construct appropriate structures for the selected animal
- Apply construction skills to create functional animal housing

- Select suitable site for the project
- Construct brooder for chicks or fold for poultry
- Install feeders and waterers
- Prepare appropriate record templates

How can animal rearing project be carried out?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 160
- Construction materials
- Tools and equipment
- Feeders and waterers

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project portfolio

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Implementing the project plan (Site and structures)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Select a suitable site for the animal rearing project
- Construct appropriate structures for the selected animal
- Apply construction skills to create functional animal housing

- Select suitable site for the project
- Construct brooder for chicks or fold for poultry
- Install feeders and waterers
- Prepare appropriate record templates

How can animal rearing project be carried out?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 160
- Construction materials
- Tools and equipment
- Feeders and waterers

- Practical assessment - Observation - Project portfolio

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Stocking the animal project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Stock the animal project with appropriate animals
- Receive and settle new animals properly
- Apply stocking skills to establish healthy animal populations

- Source chicks or other animals from reputable suppliers
- Prepare structures for arrival of animals
- Receive and settle animals in their housing
- Begin routine feeding and watering

How can animal rearing project be carried out?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 160
- Chicks or selected animals
- Feeds and water
- Brooder or housing structure

- Observation - Oral questions - Project portfolio

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Routine management practices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out routine management practices in the animal project
- Feed and water animals appropriately
- Apply daily management skills to maintain healthy and productive animals

- Feed animals according to their nutritional needs
- Provide clean water daily
- Clean feeders and waterers
- Maintain cleanliness in animal housing

How can animal rearing project be carried out?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 162
- Animal feeds
- Clean water
- Cleaning equipment

- Practical assessment - Observation - Written records

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Health management and record keeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out health management practices in the project
- Keep appropriate records for the animal project
- Use records to monitor animal health and plan management activities

- Vaccinate and deworm animals as per schedule
- Control parasites and diseases
- Keep feed, health and production records
- Share routine duty schedules among learners

How can animal rearing project be carried out?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 164
- Vaccines and dewormers
- Record templates
- Protective clothing

- Written records - Practical assessment - Observation

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Health management and record keeping

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Carry out health management practices in the project
- Keep appropriate records for the animal project
- Use records to monitor animal health and plan management activities

- Vaccinate and deworm animals as per schedule
- Control parasites and diseases
- Keep feed, health and production records
- Share routine duty schedules among learners

How can animal rearing project be carried out?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 164
- Vaccines and dewormers
- Record templates
- Protective clothing

- Written records - Practical assessment - Observation

Animal Production

Animal Rearing Project - Evaluating the animal rearing project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Evaluate the animal rearing practices carried out in the project
- Identify achievements and areas of improvement
- Apply evaluation skills to improve future animal rearing enterprises

- Discuss whether project goals were achieved
- Identify achievements made during the project
- Discuss challenges encountered and solutions
- Present areas of improvement for future projects

How can animal rearing project be carried out?

- Healthy Planet Agriculture pg. 166
- Project records
- Project portfolio
- Evaluation templates

- Oral presentations - Written reports - Project portfolio