Materials for Production

Wood - Physical characteristics of trees
Wood - Physical characteristics of timber

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define the term wood
- Identify characteristics of softwood trees
- Appreciate the diversity of wood types

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use print or digital media to search for meaning of 'wood'
- Take walk in locality to observe tree leaves
- Ask people about trees with seeds in pods and exposed seeds
- Discuss characteristics of trees observed

What are the physical differences between softwood and hardwood trees?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 83
- Tree samples
- Digital devices
-
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 84
- Wood samples
-

- Observation - Oral questions - 

Materials for Production

Wood - Examples of softwood and hardwood trees
Wood - Wood preparation and felling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- List examples of softwood trees
- List examples of hardwood trees
- Classify common trees as softwood or hardwood

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study examples of softwood (Podo, Pine, Cypress)
- Study examples of hardwood (Mahogany, Teak, Oak)
- Use checklist to classify wood samples
- Share findings with classmates

What are common examples of softwood and hardwood in Kenya?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 84
- Wood samples
-
- Digital resources
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 85

- Digital devices

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Wood conversion methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define wood conversion
- Identify types of saws used
- Describe plain sawing method

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss meaning of wood conversion
- Study types of saws (pit saw, circular saw, band saw, chain saw)
- Learn about plain sawing method
- Observe illustrations of conversion methods

How is wood converted into usable forms?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 86
- 

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Materials for Production

Wood - Quarter sawing and wood seasoning
Wood - Artificial seasoning methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe quarter sawing method
- Explain the purpose of wood seasoning
- Identify natural seasoning methods

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study quarter sawing method and diagrams
- Discuss purpose of wood seasoning
- Learn about air seasoning and water seasoning
- Compare natural seasoning methods

Why is wood seasoning necessary?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 87

- Digital resources
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 88

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Materials for Production

Wood - Uses of wood in workplaces
Handling Waste Materials - Identifying waste materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify items made from softwood
- Identify items made from hardwood
- Match wood types to their uses

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Visit workplace to identify wood items
- Ask workers about wood types used
- Discuss uses of wood (paper, kitchenware, furniture)
- Develop chart matching wood types to uses

How are different types of wood used in daily life?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 89

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 93

- Written assessment - Observation - 

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Categories of waste

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Classify waste as plastic, wood, glass, metal
- Identify electronic waste
- Recognize compostable waste

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study different categories of waste
- Group waste into plastic, wood, glass, metal types
- Identify electronic waste items
- Separate compostable waste

How can waste materials be categorized?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 94

- Observation - Written tests

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Safe handling methods (reducing, segregation)
Handling Waste Materials - Reusing and recycling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define waste management
- Explain reducing waste
- Demonstrate waste segregation

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss meaning of 'handling waste materials'
- Learn about reducing waste production
- Study waste segregation using bins
- Practice sorting waste into categories

What are safe ways of handling waste materials?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 95
- 
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 96
- 

- Observation - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Composting and incineration
Handling Waste Materials - Landfilling and disposal methods

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe composting process
- Explain when to use incineration
- Practice safe burning of waste

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study composting of organic waste
- Learn about controlled burning
- Discuss when incineration is appropriate
- Practice composting organic materials

When should waste be composted or burned?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 97
- 
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 98
- 

 Observation - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Recycling projects (plastic planter)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- List materials for making planter
- Follow steps to make planter
- Create useful item from waste

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe demonstration of making planter
- Cut plastic bottle into sections
- Add sponge, soil and seedlings
- Complete recycled planter project

How can we make useful items from waste plastic?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 101
- 

Written assessment - Observation - 

Materials for Production

Handling Waste Materials - Recycling projects (bag from T-shirt, table mat)
Handling Waste Materials - Importance of proper waste handling

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Make bag from recycled T-shirt
- Create table mat from newspapers
- Demonstrate creativity in recycling

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Make bag from old T-shirt
- Create table mat from rolled newspapers
- Seal projects appropriately
- Display completed recycled items

What other useful items can be made from waste materials?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 102
-
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 109
- 

- written assessment -  - Observation

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Types of pliers
Holding Tools - Types of clamps and vices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define holding tool
- Identify different types of pliers
- Describe features of pliers

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss term 'holding tool'
- Take gallery walk to observe tools
- Pick and name different pliers
- Discuss features of each plier type

What are holding tools?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 113
- Pliers samples
- 
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 114
- 

- Observation - Oral questions - 

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Types of tongs and clips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of tongs
- Identify types of clips
- Appreciate variety of holding tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study laboratory tongs and blacksmith tongs
- Examine paper clips, bulldog clips, cable clips
- Discuss specific uses of each
- Complete holding tools identification puzzle

What are the different types of clips used in workplaces?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 115
-

- written assessment - Oral questions - Observation

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Selecting holding tools for tasks
Holding Tools - Selecting vices, tongs and clips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Select appropriate pliers for task
- Select appropriate clamps for task
- Justify tool selection

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Visit workplace to observe tool selection
- Ask workers about suitable tools for tasks
- Study suited use of different pliers
- Study suited use of different clamps

How do we select the right holding tool for a task?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 117

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 119
-

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Using pliers and clamps
Holding Tools - Using vices, tongs and clips

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Demonstrate proper use of pliers
- Demonstrate proper use of clamps
- Observe safety when using tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Learn steps for using pliers safely
- Practice opening and gripping with pliers
- Learn steps for using clamps
- Practice positioning and tightening clamps

How are pliers and clamps used safely?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 123
- Pliers
-
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 124

-

Written assessment - Observation - Checklist

Tools and Production

Holding Tools - Caring for holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Clean holding tools properly
- Lubricate moving parts
- Store tools safely

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss meaning of 'caring for tools'
- Practice cleaning holding tools
- Apply lubricant to moving parts
- Inspect tools for damage

How should holding tools be maintained?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 126
-

Written assessment - Observation - Checklist

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Types of hammers
Driving Tools - Types of mallets, screwdrivers, spanners

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define driving tool
- Identify types of hammers
- Describe features of hammers

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss term 'driving tool'
- Take gallery walk to observe hammers
- Study claw hammer, ball peen hammer, mason's hammer
- Examine sledge hammer

What are driving tools?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 133
- Hammer sample
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 134

- Screwdriver samples
- Spanner samples

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Punches and crowbars
Driving Tools - Selecting hammers and mallets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of punches
- Identify types of crowbars
- Appreciate variety of driving tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study starting punch and pin punch
- Examine wrecking bar and flat bar
- Discuss specific uses of each
- Name other driving tools in workplace

How are punches and crowbars used?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 135
-
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 136
-

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Selecting screwdrivers and spanners

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Select screwdriver by slot type and size
- Select appropriate spanner for task
- Consider grip and shank length

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study factors for selecting screwdrivers
- Learn about slot configuration and sizes
- Study suited use of different spanners
- Practice matching tools to fasteners

What factors determine screwdriver and spanner selection?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 138
- Screwdriver samples
- Spanner samples
- Fastener samples

Written assessment - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Selecting punches and crowbars
Driving Tools - Using hammers and mallets

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Select appropriate punch for task
- Select appropriate crowbar for task
- Match tools to removal tasks

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study use of starting punch
- Study use of pin punch
- Learn suited use of wrecking bar
- Study suited use of flat bar

When should punches and crowbars be used?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 140
- Tool samples
- Selection charts
- Task examples
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 142
- Hammer

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Using screwdrivers and spanners
Driving Tools - Caring for driving tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Demonstrate correct use of screwdriver
- Demonstrate correct use of spanner
- Select correct size for fastener

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Match screwdriver types to screws
- Practice positioning and turning screwdriver
- Learn steps for using spanners
- Practice tightening and loosening fasteners

How do we use screwdrivers and spanners correctly?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 143
- Screwdrivers
- Spanners

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 147
- 

- written assessment? - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Driving Tools - Proper use and replacement

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Use tools for intended purposes
- Identify damaged tools
- Appreciate importance of tool maintenance

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study proper vs improper tool use
- Learn to identify tool damage
- Discuss when to replace tools
- Practice regular tool inspections

Why is proper tool use important?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 148
- Tool samples
- Damaged tool examples
- Visual aids

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Project - Identifying problems in locality
Project - Selecting item to solve problem

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify problems in community
- Assess which can be solved using learned skills
- Select one problem to address

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Take walk in community
- Observe activities people do
- Ask questions about problems
- Record observations
- Choose one problem to solve

What problems in our community can we solve?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- 

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Project - Designing the item
Project - Materials cost estimate

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Discuss design of item
- Make freehand sketches
- Create labeled scale drawing

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss design considerations
- Make freehand sketches of item
- Create accurate scale drawing
- Label all parts of design

How should we design our project item?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Drawing paper
- Pencils, rulers
- Drawing instruments
- Price lists
- Calculation materials
- Computer (optional)

- written assessment - Portfolio - Observation

Tools and Production

Project - Collecting materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Request funds for materials
- Purchase listed materials
- Store materials safely

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Request money from parent/guardian/teacher
- Visit shops to buy materials
- Collect reusable materials where possible
- Store materials safely

How do we collect and store project materials?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Shopping lists
- Money for purchases
- Storage facilities

- Observation - Practical assessment

Tools and Production

Project - Preparing materials
Project - Crafting the item (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Select appropriate tools
- Prepare materials safely
- Observe safety measures

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Select tools for material preparation
- Discuss safety measures
- Use tools to prepare materials
- Store prepared materials

How do we prepare materials for the project?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 155
- Appropriate tools
- Materials to prepare
- Safety equipment
- Selected tools
- Prepared materials

- written assessment - Observation - 

Tools and Production

Project - Crafting the item (Part 2)
Project - Crafting the item (Part 3)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Continue crafting process
- Follow outlined procedure
- Monitor progress

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Continue making item
- Follow procedure step by step
- Check work quality
- Make adjustments as needed

How do we ensure quality in our project?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 155
- Tools
- Materials
- Quality check guidelines
- Digital camera/phone
- Writing materials

-written assessment - Observation - Self-assessment

Tools and Production

Project - Marketing the item (Part 1)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Calculate cost of item made
- Determine selling price
- Prepare for display

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss how to determine cost
- Calculate selling price
- Prepare item for display
- Plan presentation to forum

How do we price our project item?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 156
- Calculators
-

- Written assignments - Oral questions - Practical assessment

Tools and Production

Project - Marketing the item (Part 2)
Project - Donating or selling the item

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Display item in school forum
- Answer questions about project
- Observe other projects

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Display item in school forum
- Answer questions from audience
- Observe other items made
- Take pictures of displayed items

How do we present our project to others?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 156
- Display tables
- Completed items
- Camera/phone
- Completed project
- Community contacts
- Project documentation 

- Observation - Oral presentation - 

Entrepreneurship

Financial Services - Identifying financial institutions
Financial Services - Classifying financial institutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define financial institution
- Identify financial institutions in Kenya
- Appreciate diversity of financial services

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss meaning of 'financial institution'
- Study illustration of people at financial institution
- Use print/digital media to search for institutions
- List financial institutions in Kenya

What are financial institutions?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 160
- Digital devices
-
- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 162
- 
- 

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Entrepreneurship

Financial Services - Services by Central Bank and commercial banks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain services of Central Bank
- Describe services of commercial banks
- Appreciate role of banking institutions

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read case study on financial services
- Discuss services offered by Central Bank
- Study services by commercial banks
- Analyze services in case study

What services do banks offer?

- KLB Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 164
- Case study materials

- Oral questions - Written tests -