Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Appearance and colour of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the appearance and colour of metallic materials
- Observe and compare physical appearance of steel, aluminium and copper
- Value careful observation skills in identifying metals

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Get a steel spoon, aluminium can and copper wire and observe their physical appearance
- Describe the colour and appearance of each metal (shiny or dull)
- Record observations in exercise book

What do different metals look like?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 52

- Copper wire

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Weight and flexibility of metals
Metallic Materials - Magnetism of metals

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the weight and flexibility of metallic materials
- Compare the weight and flexibility of steel, aluminium and copper
- Appreciate the different physical properties of metals

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Hold or weigh equal-sized samples of steel, aluminium and copper
- Identify which metal is light, slightly heavy or heavy
- Try bending each metal and observe which is easy or hard to bend

How do metals differ in weight and flexibility?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 52
- 
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 53

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Conductivity of heat
Metallic Materials - Conductivity of electricity

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain conductivity of heat as a property of metallic materials
- Perform practical activities to test heat conductivity of metals
- Value safety precautions when working with heat

- Place one end of steel, aluminium and copper rods in a flame and feel the other end
- Note which type of rod makes the hand feel warm
- Share findings with other learners in class

Which metals conduct heat better?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 53
- Metal rods (steel, aluminium, copper)
- Source of heat
- Safety gloves
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 54
- Bulb

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Properties of steel, aluminium and copper
Metallic Materials - Uses of steel, aluminium and copper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the properties of steel, aluminium and copper
- Compare the properties of different metallic materials
- Value the unique characteristics of each metal

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss properties of steel (strong, grey colour, magnetic, poor conductor)
- Discuss properties of aluminium (rust-resistant, silvery, light, non-magnetic)
- Discuss properties of copper (reddish-brown, non-magnetic, excellent conductor)

What are the unique properties of steel, aluminium and copper?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 
- Metal samples
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 55
- Digital devices
- School environment

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Materials for Production

Metallic Materials - Matching metals to their applications

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Relate metallic materials to their specific applications
- Create a poster matching metallic materials with their uses
- Value the contribution of metals to construction and technology

Identify use of different metallic material applications

Why are different metals suitable for different uses?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 55
- 
-

-  Presentations - Peer assessment

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Meaning and examples of non-metallic materials
Non-Metallic Materials - Identifying non-metallic materials in the environment

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define non-metallic materials
- Identify non-metallic materials found in the locality
- Show interest in learning about non-metallic materials

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify materials used to make items in pictures (wooden furniture, plastic containers, glass windows)
- Find out from internet or print materials the meaning of non-metallic material
- Discuss examples of non-metallic materials (wood, plastic, rubber, glass, ceramics, stone, cement, paper)

What are non-metallic materials?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 56
- Pictures
- Internet access
- Non-metallic samples
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 57
- School environment
- Exercise books

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Natural and synthetic materials
Non-Metallic Materials - Identifying natural and synthetic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the difference between natural and synthetic non-metallic materials
- Categorise non-metallic materials as either natural or synthetic
- Value both natural and synthetic materials in production

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read and discuss definitions of synthetic and natural materials
- Categorise materials as natural (wood, cotton, leather, wool) or synthetic (plastic, rubber, cement, glass, ceramics, nylon)
- Sort non-metallic materials in the environment as natural or synthetic

What is the difference between natural and synthetic materials?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 58
- Natural material samples
- Synthetic material samples

- Environment
- Camera/phone
- 

- Oral questions - Written assignments - 

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Colour and texture of non-metallic materials
Non-Metallic Materials - Hardness of non-metallic materials

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the colour and texture of non-metallic materials
- Examine the colour and texture of wood, stone, plastics, paper, rubber, cement, glass and ceramics
- Show curiosity in observing material properties

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Look at collected samples of non-metallic materials and describe colour appearance
- Feel the texture of each material and say whether rough or smooth
- Create a summary table to record colour and texture of each material

What colours and textures do non-metallic materials have?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 59
- Wood, stone, plastic, paper, rubber, cement, glass, ceramic samples
- Metal nail
- Non-metallic material samples
-

 Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Fire resistance of non-metallic materials
Non-Metallic Materials - Summary of physical properties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain fire resistance as a property of non-metallic materials
- Perform fire resistance test on non-metallic materials
- Value safety precautions when working with fire

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Light a candle and hold each material over the flame using tongs
- Observe how each material reacts (catches fire, melts or changes colour)
- Create a summary table showing fire resistance of each material

Which non-metallic materials are fire resistant?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 60



- Exercise books

 Observation - Written assignments

Materials for Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Uses of wood, stone, plastics and paper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the uses of wood, stone, plastics and paper in the locality
- Match non-metallic materials to their uses
- Value the contribution of non-metallic materials to everyday life

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss uses of wood (furniture, flooring, construction)
- Discuss uses of stone (building foundations, walling, landscaping)
- Discuss uses of plastics (bottles, packaging, household items) and paper (books, newspapers, packaging)

How are wood, stone, plastics and paper used in our locality?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 61
- Pictures
-

- Oral questions - Written assignments

Materials for Production
Tools and Production

Non-Metallic Materials - Uses of rubber, cement, glass and ceramics
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Identifying measuring tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the uses of rubber, cement, glass and ceramics in the locality
- Relate non-metallic materials to their applications
- Appreciate the importance of non-metallic materials in production

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss uses of rubber (tires, footwear, seals)
- Discuss uses of cement (constructing buildings, making roads)
- Discuss uses of glass (windows, bottles, decorative items) and ceramics (tiles, pottery, kitchenware)
- Write summary of uses of non-metallic materials in production

How are rubber, cement, glass and ceramics used in production?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 61
- Pictures
-
- Exercise books
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 63
-

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Group discussions

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Identifying marking out tools
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Choosing appropriate measuring tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify marking out tools used to perform tasks
- Name examples of marking out tools (divider, try-square, marking gauge, dot punch, scriber, pencil, marking knife)
- Appreciate the importance of marking out tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read the names of marking out tools from pictures
- Discuss what each marking out tool is used for
- Find out more information from internet or print materials about marking out tools

What are marking out tools and how are they used?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 65
- Pictures
-
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 66
- Measuring tools
-

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Choosing appropriate marking out tools
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a tape measure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how to select appropriate marking out tools for a given task
- Choose the right marking out tool for different marking tasks
- Appreciate the role of marking out tools in achieving accuracy

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss which tool to use for marking equal distances, checking right angles, marking parallel lines
- Discuss which tool to use for marking centre of circle, marking on metal, drawing guidelines
- Search online or in print materials for more information on use of marking out tools

How do we select the right marking out tool for a task?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 68
- Marking out tools
- Pictures
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 69
- Tape measure

- Oral questions - Practical activities - Observation

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a steel rule
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using callipers to measure external diameter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to use a steel rule
- Use a steel rule to measure and mark objects
- Appreciate the importance of accurate measurement

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Select the correct side of the steel rule (millimetres/centimetres or inches)
- Position the steel rule with "0" mark at starting point
- Read the measurement with eye perpendicular to scale and mark with pencil

How do we use a steel rule for accurate measurement?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 70
- 

 - Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using callipers to measure internal diameter and depth
Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a stopwatch

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to measure internal diameter and depth using callipers
- Use vernier callipers to measure internal diameter and depth of objects
- Value the versatility of callipers

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use smaller inside jaws to measure internal diameter of a beaker
- Extend the depth gauge to measure depth of beaker
- Read and record main scale and vernier scale readings

How do we measure internal diameter and depth using callipers?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 71
- 

 Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using an ammeter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to use an ammeter
- Use an ammeter to measure current in a circuit
- Show interest in electrical measurements

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Set up a circuit with ammeter, dry cells, connecting wires and bulb
- Connect ammeter in series with positive terminal to power source
- Read and record the current measurement

How do we use an ammeter to measure electric current?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 72
-

 Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a voltmeter

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to use a voltmeter
- Use a voltmeter to measure voltage in a circuit
- Value safety when working with electrical equipment

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Set up a circuit with voltmeter, cells, connecting wires and bulb
- Connect voltmeter in parallel with positive terminal to more positive point
- Read and record the voltage displayed

How do we use a voltmeter to measure voltage?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 73

 Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a divider

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how to use a divider
- Use a divider to mark equal distances on a workpiece
- Appreciate the precision of marking out tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Open or close the legs of the divider using the hinge
- Adjust the length to 10 cm by aligning to steel rule
- Mark the same measurement on surface of wood

How do we use a divider to mark equal distances?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 

 Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a try-square

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to use a try-square
- Use a try-square to check for squareness and mark 90-degree lines
- Value accuracy in woodworking tasks

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Place the stock of try-square against edge of wood to check squareness
- Check if surface aligns perfectly with blade (no gap means square)
- Use try-square to mark a 90-degree perpendicular line

How do we use a try-square to check for squareness?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 75
-

 Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a marking gauge

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how to use a marking gauge
- Use a marking gauge to mark parallel lines on a workpiece
- Show interest in precision marking techniques

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Loosen locking screw and slide fence to set length (5 cm)
- Use ruler to measure length and tighten screw to lock fence
- Place fence against edge of wood and scribe a parallel line

How do we use a marking gauge to mark parallel lines?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 76

 Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a dot punch and scriber

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to use a dot punch and scriber
- Use a dot punch and scriber to make marks on materials
- Value safety when using marking out tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Mark places on wood using pencil, then use dot punch to create indentations
- Hold dot punch vertically and tap lightly with hammer
- Use scriber to scratch fine lines on metal along a ruler

How do we use a dot punch and scriber for marking?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 77
-

 Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Using a marking knife

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how to use a marking knife
- Use a marking knife to make clean, sharp lines on wood
- Appreciate the importance of precise marking for cutting

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Make a straight line on wood using pencil and ruler
- Place ruler along desired line and hold marking knife with bevel facing cut area
- Run marking knife along straight edge with light pressure, then deepen the mark

How do we use a marking knife to mark cutting lines?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 78

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Caring for tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe how to care for measuring and marking out tools
- Practise proper care and maintenance of tools
- Value the importance of tool maintenance

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Clean tools using soft cloth and brushes
- Practise storing tools in safe places
- Check tools to make sure they are working correctly

Why is it important to care for measuring and marking out tools?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 79
- 

 Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Measuring and Marking Out Tools - Importance of tools when performing tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of measuring and marking out tools when performing tasks
- Create a chart showing the importance of these tools
- Recognise the value of accurate measurement and marking

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Search online for importance of marking out tools and measuring tools
- Create a chart of the importance of tools when performing tasks
- Display chart in classroom for feedback

Why are measuring and marking out tools important?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 83
-

 Presentations - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Computer Hardware - Meaning of computer hardware
Computer Hardware - Categories of computer hardware

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define the term computer hardware
- Identify examples of computer hardware devices
- Show interest in learning about computer hardware

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss what can be seen in pictures of computer hardware
- Search on internet or print materials for meaning of computer hardware
- Write the definition of computer hardware in exercise book

What is computer hardware?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 85
- Pictures
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Tools and Production

Computer Hardware - Keying and pointing devices
Computer Hardware - Scanning, voice input and touch screen devices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe keying and pointing devices
- Use keyboard and mouse to perform tasks on a computer
- Value the role of input devices in computer use

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Type a short paragraph on a computer using keyboard
- Practise using mouse to open, close and move files
- Discuss how each key has a specific function

How do keying and pointing devices help us interact with computers?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 86
- Computer
- Keyboard
- Mouse

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Computer Hardware - Digitizers and digital cameras
Computer Hardware - Output devices (hard copy and soft copy)
Computer Hardware - Fixed and removable storage devices
Computer Hardware - Importance of computer hardware devices

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain how digitizers and digital cameras work as input devices
- Use a drawing tablet and digital camera to input data
- Show interest in digital input technologies

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Draw simple shapes on a drawing tablet and see result on computer screen
- Take photos with digital camera
- Connect camera to computer and transfer photos for viewing

How do digitizers and digital cameras input data into computers?

- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 87
- 
- Digital camera
- Computer
-
- Monitor
- Speakers
- USB flash drive
-
- Master Booklyst Pre-Technical Studies Grade 7 pg. 90
- Internet access
- 

- Practical work - Observation - Written assignments