Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Background to the Scramble and Partition of East Africa
British Interest and Factors for Occupation
The Process of Partition in East Africa

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the background to European interest in East Africa
- Identify European countries interested in East Africa
- Discuss the role of Portuguese, Arabs and Swahilis
- Analyze the transition from coastal to interior penetration
- Describe the role of Karl Peters and German activities
- Explain the Anglo-German rivalry in East Africa
- Analyze the role of Sultan of Zanzibar
- Discuss the significance of treaty signing

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review of earlier European visitors to East Africa
- Group discussion on Portuguese presence since 15th century
- Analysis of Arab and Swahili trade routes
- Q&A on European transition from trade to colonization
- Exposition on Karl Peters' treaties with Tanganyika chiefs
- Analysis of Sir Harry Johnstone's activities in Kilimanjaro
- Discussion on German East Africa Company vs IBEA Company
- Map work showing German and British spheres of influence

Maps of East Africa showing trade routes, Photographs, Charts, Students' textbooks
Maps showing strategic routes to India, Charts on economic factors, Students' textbooks
Maps of East Africa showing German and British interests, Photographs of Karl Peters, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 31
KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 33

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Anglo-German Agreement 1886 and Company Rule
IBEA Company Administration and Problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Outline the terms of Anglo-German Agreement 1886
- Explain the role of commercial companies in administration
- Discuss the formation and objectives of IBEA Company
- Analyze the challenges faced by company rule

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed analysis of Anglo-German Agreement terms
- Discussion on 16km coastal strip and offshore islands
- Exposition on William Mackinnon and IBEA Company formation
- Analysis of company objectives and administrative challenges

Maps showing 1886 agreement boundaries, Photographs of William Mackinnon, Documents, Students' textbooks
Charts showing company problems, Maps of company posts, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 34

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Transition to British Protectorate and Methods of Colonial Rule

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the transition from company to government rule
- Discuss the declaration of British East Africa Protectorate 1895
- Identify methods used to establish colonial rule
- Analyze the effectiveness of different methods

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on company surrender of charter in 1894
- Discussion on Sir Arthur Hardinge as first commissioner
- Analysis of methods: treaty signing, military force, collaboration
- Case studies of different methods used in various regions

Documents showing protectorate declaration, Maps, Charts of methods, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 37

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Nandi Resistance: Causes

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify causes of Nandi resistance
- Explain the role of Kimnyole's prophecy
- Discuss Nandi military strength and pride
- Analyze British threats to Nandi independence

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed exposition on Nandi dominance in Rift Valley
- Discussion on Kimnyole's prophecy and its significance
- Analysis of Nandi military organization and pride
- Group work on factors: land alienation, taxation, forced labor

Maps of Nandi territory, Photographs, Charts showing causes, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 38

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Nandi Resistance: Course and Leadership
Nandi Resistance: Defeat and Results
Other Resistance Examples: Agiryama and Bukusu

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the course of Nandi resistance 1895–1905
- Explain the role of Koitalel arap Samoei
- Analyze Nandi military tactics and strategies
- Discuss British expeditions and their failures
- Describe causes of Agiryama resistance
- Explain the role of Mekatilili wa Menza
- Discuss Bukusu resistance against Wanga rule
- Analyze the outcomes of these resistances

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on Andrew Dick incident and Peter West murder
- Analysis of Nandi guerrilla warfare tactics
- Discussion on Koitalel arap Samoei's leadership
- Detailed study of British expeditions and their outcomes
- Exposition on Agiryama trade disruption and land loss
- Discussion on Mekatilili wa Menza's leadership and organization
- Analysis of Bukusu hatred for Wanga administration
- Case study of traditional oaths and resistance organization

Maps showing Nandi attacks, Photographs of Koitalel arap Samoei, Students' textbooks
Photographs of Meinertzhagen, Maps showing land alienation, Charts, Students' textbooks
Photographs of Mekatilili wa Menza, Maps showing resistance areas, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 40
KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 42

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Other Resistance Examples: Agiryama and Bukusu

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe causes of Agiryama resistance
- Explain the role of Mekatilili wa Menza
- Discuss Bukusu resistance against Wanga rule
- Analyze the outcomes of these resistances

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on Agiryama trade disruption and land loss
- Discussion on Mekatilili wa Menza's leadership and organization
- Analysis of Bukusu hatred for Wanga administration
- Case study of traditional oaths and resistance organization

Photographs of Mekatilili wa Menza, Maps showing resistance areas, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 42

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Somali Resistance and Reasons for Resistance Failure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify causes of Somali resistance
- Explain the impact of partition on Somali clans
- Discuss nomadic lifestyle conflicts with colonial boundaries
- Analyze general reasons why armed resistance failed

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Analysis of Anglo-Italian Treaty and Somali partition
- Discussion on Darod and Hawiye clans' reactions
- Exposition on nomadic pastoralism vs colonial boundaries
- Summary analysis of why resistance movements failed across Kenya

Maps showing Somali partition, Charts on resistance failure factors, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 44

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Collaboration: Maasai under Lenana

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain reasons for Maasai collaboration
- Discuss the impact of natural calamities on Maasai
- Analyze the succession dispute between Lenana and Sendeyo
- Examine the Maasai Agreements of 1904 and 1911

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Analysis of Maasai weakening factors: diseases, famine, civil wars
- Discussion on Kedong massacre and its impact
- Exposition on Lenana's succession and British support
- Detailed study of Maasai Agreements and land alienation

Maps showing Maasai territory and reserves, Photographs of Lenana, Treaty documents, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 46

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Collaboration: Wanga under Nabongo Mumia

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify reasons for Wanga collaboration
- Explain Mumia's strategic objectives
- Discuss the role of Wanga in British administration
- Analyze the results of Wanga collaboration

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on Mumia's trade connections and strategic position
- Analysis of Wanga desire for military assistance against enemies
- Discussion on Wanga agents used in colonial administration
- Case studies of Wanga rule over other western Kenya communities

Maps showing Wanga kingdom expansion, Photographs of Nabongo Mumia, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 48

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Mixed Reactions: Akamba, Agikuyu, and Luo

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the concept of mixed reactions
- Analyze Akamba resistance and collaboration
- Discuss Agikuyu responses under different leaders
- Examine Luo varied responses to British rule

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Analysis of why some communities had mixed responses
- Case study of Akamba: Mwana Muka's resistance vs collaboration
- Discussion on Agikuyu: Waiyaki's resistance vs Kinyanjui's collaboration
- Exposition on Luo: Ugenya resistance vs Gem and Asembo collaboration

Maps showing areas of mixed reactions, Photographs of leaders, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 50

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Colonial Administration Structure and Local Government

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the structure of colonial administration
- Explain the role of Governor and provincial administration
- Discuss the development of local government
- Analyze the establishment of Local Native Councils

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on colonial administrative hierarchy
- Analysis of Governor's powers and advisory councils
- Discussion on Provincial and District Commissioners' roles
- Detailed study of Local Native Councils and their objectives

Charts showing administrative structure, Documents, Maps showing provinces and districts, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 53

Colonial Administration

Introduction to Colonial Administration Systems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define colonial administration
- Identify different systems used by colonial powers
- Distinguish between indirect rule, direct rule, and assimilation
- Explain factors determining choice of administrative system

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discussion on different European colonial powers and their territories
- Brainstorming on methods of colonial administration
- Comparison of British and French colonial approaches
- Q&A on factors influencing administrative choices

Maps showing colonial territories, Charts comparing systems, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 57

Colonial Administration

Indirect Rule: Definition and Application in Kenya
Indirect Rule in Northern Nigeria: Application and Structure
Indirect Rule in Southern Nigeria and Its Shortcomings

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define indirect rule system
- Explain reasons why British used indirect rule in Kenya
- Identify areas where indirect rule was applied
- Analyze the role of traditional rulers in indirect rule
- Describe the Sokoto Caliphate system before British rule
- Explain how indirect rule was applied in Northern Nigeria
- Outline the administrative structure under indirect rule
- Discuss the duties of Emirs under British supervision

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed exposition on indirect rule definition and principles
- Discussion on British experience in India and Uganda
- Analysis of reasons: lack of funds, inadequate personnel, avoiding resistance
- Case study of Wanga under Nabongo Mumia
- Exposition on Sokoto Caliphate and Emirates system
- Analysis of British residents' role in supervising Emirs
- Discussion on taxation changes and revenue distribution
- Drawing administrative hierarchy chart from Colonial Secretary to village level

Photographs of Fredrick Lugard, Maps of Kenya, Charts showing reasons, Students' textbooks
Charts showing administrative structure, Maps of Northern Nigeria, Students' textbooks
Maps showing ethnic groups in Nigeria, Photographs, Charts listing effects, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 58
KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 59

Colonial Administration

Direct Rule: Definition and Application in Zimbabwe

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define direct rule system
- Explain reasons why British used direct rule in Zimbabwe
- Describe the application of direct rule in Southern Rhodesia
- Analyze the role of British South Africa Company

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Definition and explanation of direct rule principles
- Exposition on Cecil Rhodes and BSA Company's role
- Discussion on large European settler population
- Analysis of mineral wealth control and lack of traditional systems

Photographs of Cecil Rhodes and Ian Smith, Maps of Zimbabwe, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 62

Colonial Administration

Direct Rule Structure and Effects in Zimbabwe
Assimilation Policy in Senegal: Application, Effects, and Comparison

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the structure of direct rule in Zimbabwe
- Explain the effects of direct rule on Africans
- Discuss the transition from company rule to crown colony
- Analyze racial segregation under direct rule

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed analysis of administrative structure from Governor to village level
- Discussion on Land Apportionment Act of 1930 and its effects
- Exposition on UDI and armed struggle leading to independence
- Case study of Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo's resistance

Charts showing administrative structure, Maps, Photographs of leaders, Students' textbooks
Maps of Senegal showing communes, Charts comparing systems, Photographs, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 63

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

Introduction and Background to Colonial Development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the background to social and economic developments in colonial Kenya
- Identify the role of British East Africa Protectorate declaration
- Discuss the need for making Kenya economically viable
- Analyze the importance of infrastructure development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review of British declaration of protectorate in 1895
- Discussion on making Kenya economically viable
- Analysis of cool climate and fertile lands potential
- Group work on importance of transport and communication infrastructure

Maps of Kenya showing climatic zones, Charts, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 71

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

The Uganda Railway: Reasons for Construction
Problems During Railway Construction and Solutions
Effects of Uganda Railway Construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain reasons for building the Uganda Railway
- Describe the process of railway construction
- Identify key figures involved in railway building
- Analyze the role of Indian coolies in construction
- Analyze the effects of railway construction on Kenya
- Explain the transfer of capital from Mombasa to Nairobi
- Discuss the impact on trade and urbanization
- Evaluate the railway's role in encouraging European settlement

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on reasons: effective control, economic exploitation, stopping slave trade
- Discussion on William Mackinnon and IBEA Company's initial survey
- Analysis of Captain MacDonald's survey and George Whitehouse's engineering
- Case study of Indian coolies and their working conditions
- Analysis of multiple effects: Asian settlement, urbanization, trade growth
- Discussion on Nairobi becoming the new capital and administrative center
- Exposition on facilitation of settler farming and cash crops introduction
- Group work on positive and negative impacts of railway construction

Maps showing railway route, Photographs of Indian coolies and key figures, Students' textbooks
Photographs of railway construction, Maps showing problem areas, Students' textbooks
Maps showing urban growth along railway, Charts of effects, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 72
KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 76

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

Settler Farming: Introduction and Government Promotion
Methods of Obtaining African Labor and Settler Problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain reasons why settler farming was encouraged
- Identify methods used by colonial government to promote settler farming
- Discuss the role of Charles Elliot in encouraging European settlement
- Analyze the connection between railway and settler farming

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on making Kenya a "White man's country"
- Discussion on financing administrative costs and railway maintenance
- Analysis of methods: land acquisition, labor provision, technical assistance
- Case study of Charles Elliot's policies and Lord Delamere's role

Photographs of Charles Elliot and Lord Delamere, Maps of White Highlands, Students' textbooks
Charts showing labor recruitment methods, Documents, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 78

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

Main Crops Grown by European Settlers

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify main cash crops grown by European settlers
- Explain the development of wheat, coffee, tea, and sisal farming
- Discuss the role of Lord Delamere in agricultural experiments
- Analyze the establishment of agricultural institutions and cooperatives

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on wheat farming development and Delamere's experiments
- Discussion on coffee introduction by French missionaries
- Analysis of tea farming development from Limuru to Kericho
- Case studies of sisal farming and pyrethrum introduction

Photographs of different farms and crops, Maps showing crop distribution, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 82

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

Dairy Farming and Agricultural Institutions
Colonial Land Policies and Legislation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the development of dairy farming in Kenya
- Explain Lord Delamere's role in livestock farming
- Discuss the establishment of KCC and KFA
- Analyze the growth of agricultural cooperatives and associations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed study of Delamere's livestock experiments at Njoro
- Discussion on problems: diseases, mineral deficiency, raids
- Analysis of Kenya Co-operative Creameries establishment in 1925
- Exposition on Kenya Farmers Association formation and its role

Photographs of Lord Delamere's farms, KCC plants, Students' textbooks
Maps showing land alienation, Legal documents, Charts of legislation timeline, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 85

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

Consequences of Colonial Land Policies and Devonshire White Paper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze the effects of colonial land policies on Africans
- Explain the background to Devonshire White Paper 1923
- Discuss grievances of different racial groups
- Evaluate the recommendations and impact of the White Paper

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Analysis of land policy consequences: displacement, poverty, reserves creation
- Discussion on European-Asian conflict and A.M. Jeevanjee's role
- Exposition on grievances: Europeans wanting segregation, Asians demanding equality
- Analysis of White Paper recommendations and their limitations

Maps showing White Highlands, Documents, Photographs of key figures, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 88

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

Urbanization: Factors, Migration, and Effects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain factors leading to urbanization in colonial Kenya
- Identify reasons for African migration to urban centers
- Discuss problems faced by Africans in urban areas
- Analyze government measures to control urban migration

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Analysis of urbanization factors: railway, administrative centers, mining
- Discussion on push factors: overcrowded reserves, taxation, landlessness
- Exposition on urban problems: inadequate housing, unemployment, discrimination
- Analysis of control measures: kipande system, urban passes, segregation

Maps showing urban growth, Tables of population increase, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 90

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

Education and Health Development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the development of Western education in colonial Kenya
- Explain the role of missionaries, government, and Africans in education
- Discuss the introduction of Western medicine and health services
- Analyze the racial disparities in education and health provision

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on missionary education objectives and features
- Discussion on Fraser Commission 1908 and Phelps Stokes Commission 1924
- Analysis of primary, secondary, and university education development
- Case study of Makerere University and Royal Technical College establishment
- Discussion on health services development and African medical training

Photographs of schools and hospitals, Charts showing education statistics, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 93

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Characteristics of Early Political Organisations and Formation of East African Association

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define early political organisations in Kenya
- Explain the characteristics of early political organisations
- Describe the formation of the East African Association
- Identify the officials and demands of EAA

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Q&A on colonial rule effects
- Brainstorming on African responses to colonialism
- Discussion on characteristics of early political movements
- Note-taking on EAA formation and leadership

Maps showing Kenya, Photographs of Harry Thuku, Timeline charts, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 96

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Achievements and Problems of EAA; Formation of Young Kavirondo Association
Formation and Activities of Kikuyu Central Association (KCA)
Kavirondo Tax Payers and Welfare Association, Coast African Association, and Taita Hills Association

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze the achievements of the East African Association
- Explain the problems faced by EAA
- Describe the formation of Young Kavirondo Association
- Identify the officials and demands of YKA
- Explain the formation of the Kikuyu Central Association
- Identify the officials of KCA
- List the demands of KCA
- Evaluate the achievements of KCA

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed discussion on EAA achievements
- Group work on problems faced by early political organisations
- Exposition on YKA formation
- Q&A session on YKA leadership and demands
- Exposition on KCA formation background
- Discussion on KCA leadership structure
- Analysis of KCA demands and their significance
- Note-taking on KCA achievements

Maps of Nyanza Province, Photographs, Students' textbooks, Charts showing colonial administrative divisions
Photographs of KCA leaders, Maps of Central Kenya, Students' textbooks, Newspaper Muigwithania samples
Maps showing different regions, Photographs of leaders, Students' textbooks, Charts comparing different associations

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 97
KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 99

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Ukamba Members Association and General Achievements/Problems of Early Political Organisations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the formation and activities of Ukamba Members Association
- Analyze the general achievements of early political organisations
- Discuss the problems faced by early political organisations
- Evaluate the significance of early political movements

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on UMA formation and destocking protests
- Group discussion on general achievements
- Analysis of common problems faced
- Consolidation of early political movements' impact

Photographs of UMA leaders, Maps of Machakos, Students' textbooks, Summary charts

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 101

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Background and Causes of Independent Churches and Schools
Examples of Independent Churches in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define independent churches and schools
- Explain the background to the emergence of independent movements
- Analyze the causes of the rise of independent churches and schools
- Describe the characteristics of independent movements

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Q&A on missionary activities and African responses
- Brainstorming on conflicts between missionaries and Africans
- Discussion on causes of independent movements
- Note-taking on characteristics

Photographs of missionary schools, Maps showing mission stations, Students' textbooks, Pictures of early African churches
Photographs of church leaders, Maps showing locations, Students' textbooks, Religious symbols and materials

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 102

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Examples of Independent Schools and Problems Faced

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe examples of independent schools (Gaithieko, Githunguri)
- Explain the formation of KISA and KKEA
- Analyze the problems faced by independent churches and schools
- Evaluate the impact of independent movements

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discussion on independent schools establishment
- Exposition on school associations
- Analysis of problems faced by independent movements
- Assessment of their contribution to nationalism

Photographs of schools, Students' textbooks, Charts showing school locations, Educational materials

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 104

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Factors Promoting Nationalism and Formation of KASU
Kenya African Union (KAU) – Formation, Leadership and Demands

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain factors that promoted nationalism in Kenya after 1945
- Describe the formation of Kenya African Study Union
- Identify the officials and aims of KASU
- Analyze the transformation from KASU to KAU
- Explain the formation of Kenya African Union
- Describe Jomo Kenyatta's role in KAU
- List the demands of KAU
- Analyze the achievements of KAU

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed discussion on post-war factors
- Exposition on Atlantic Charter and decolonization
- Analysis of KASU formation and leadership
- Q&A on aims and transformation
- Discussion on KAU formation and name change
- Detailed exposition on Kenyatta's leadership
- Analysis of KAU demands and strategies
- Group work on KAU achievements

World maps showing decolonization, Photographs of leaders, Students' textbooks, Timeline of events
Photographs of Kenyatta and other leaders, Students' textbooks, Maps of Kenya, KAU pamphlets and materials

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 105
KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 107

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Causes of Mau Mau Rebellion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define the Mau Mau movement
- Explain the causes of Mau Mau rebellion
- Analyze the role of ex-servicemen in the movement
- Discuss the impact of land alienation and racial discrimination

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Q&A on colonial grievances
- Detailed discussion on various causes
- Analysis of ex-servicemen experiences
- Group presentations on specific causes

Maps of Central Kenya, Photographs of colonial policies, Students' textbooks, Charts showing land alienation

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 110

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Causes of Mau Mau Rebellion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define the Mau Mau movement
- Explain the causes of Mau Mau rebellion
- Analyze the role of ex-servicemen in the movement
- Discuss the impact of land alienation and racial discrimination

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Q&A on colonial grievances
- Detailed discussion on various causes
- Analysis of ex-servicemen experiences
- Group presentations on specific causes

Maps of Central Kenya, Photographs of colonial policies, Students' textbooks, Charts showing land alienation

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 110

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Course of Mau Mau War and Leadership

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the course of Mau Mau war
- Identify key leaders of the movement
- Explain the guerrilla tactics used
- Analyze the declaration of state of emergency

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on war progression
- Discussion on key leaders like Dedan Kimathi
- Analysis of guerrilla warfare tactics
- Q&A on state of emergency effects

Photographs of Mau Mau leaders, Maps of forest areas, Students' textbooks, Pictures of detention camps

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 112

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Problems Faced by Mau Mau Fighters and Reasons for Long Resistance
Results and Impact of Mau Mau War

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain problems faced by Mau Mau fighters
- Analyze reasons why fighters resisted for long
- Discuss the support from civilian population
- Evaluate the effectiveness of oathing ceremonies
- Analyze the results of Mau Mau war
- Explain the impact on Kenyan society
- Discuss the effects on British colonial policy
- Evaluate the contribution of Mau Mau to independence

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discussion on challenges faced by fighters
- Analysis of factors that sustained the movement
- Group work on civilian support
- Q&A on oathing and unity
- Detailed discussion on war results
- Analysis of social and political impacts
- Group presentations on various effects
- Assessment of Mau Mau's role in independence struggle

Students' textbooks, Maps of Mt. Kenya and Aberdares, Photographs, Charts showing support networks
Statistics on casualties, Students' textbooks, Photographs of post-war Kenya, Charts showing policy changes

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 114
KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 115

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Results and Impact of Mau Mau War

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze the results of Mau Mau war
- Explain the impact on Kenyan society
- Discuss the effects on British colonial policy
- Evaluate the contribution of Mau Mau to independence

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed discussion on war results
- Analysis of social and political impacts
- Group presentations on various effects
- Assessment of Mau Mau's role in independence struggle

Statistics on casualties, Students' textbooks, Photographs of post-war Kenya, Charts showing policy changes

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 115

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Formation of KANU and KADU

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the formation of KANU
- Describe the formation of KADU
- Compare the objectives of KANU and KADU
- Analyze the differences between the two parties

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discussion on post-emergency political developments
- Exposition on KANU and KADU formation
- Comparative analysis of party objectives
- Q&A on leadership and support base

Photographs of party leaders, Students' textbooks, Maps of Kenya, Party manifestos and documents

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 117

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Trade Union Movement and Role of Women

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the role of trade unions in independence struggle
- Describe the formation of AWF and KFL
- Analyze the role of women in independence struggle
- Evaluate the contribution of various groups to nationalism

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed discussion on trade union activities
- Exposition on key trade union leaders
- Analysis of women's contributions
- Group presentations on different roles

Photographs of trade union leaders, Students' textbooks, Pictures of women leaders, Charts showing various contributions

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 119

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

African Representation in Legco and Lyttelton Constitution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the nomination of Eliud Mathu to Legco
- Describe the Lyttelton Constitution
- Analyze the 1957 African elections
- Discuss the formation of AEMO

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discussion on constitutional developments
- Exposition on Eliud Mathu's role
- Analysis of Lyttelton reforms
- Q&A on African electoral participation

Photographs of African legislators, Students' textbooks, Constitutional documents, Election results charts

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 121

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Lennox-Boyd Constitution and Political Developments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain Lennox-Boyd constitutional changes
- Describe the formation of various political groups
- Analyze the demands of African elected members
- Discuss the emergence of multi-racial politics

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed exposition on constitutional reforms
- Discussion on political party formations
- Analysis of African demands
- Group work on multi-racial politics

Students' textbooks, Photographs of political leaders, Constitutional documents, Charts showing political developments

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 123

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Lancaster House Conferences and Achievement of Independence

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the First Lancaster House Conference (1960)
- Describe the Second Lancaster House Conference (1962)
- Analyze the 1963 elections and independence
- Evaluate the significance of constitutional changes

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed discussion on both Lancaster conferences
- Analysis of constitutional agreements
- Exposition on 1963 elections and independence
- Consolidation and revision of the unit

Conference documents, Students' textbooks, Photographs of independence celebrations, Maps of independent Kenya

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 125

Rise of African Nationalism

Introduction to African Nationalism and Factors Leading to its Rise

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define nationalism and African nationalism
- Explain factors that led to the rise of African nationalism
- Analyze the impact of racial segregation and colonial labour laws
- Discuss the role of Western education in promoting nationalism

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Q&A on meaning of nationalism
- Brainstorming on colonial injustices
- Discussion on factors promoting African nationalism
- Note-taking on various contributing factors

Maps of Africa showing colonial boundaries, Photographs showing colonial conditions, Students' textbooks, Charts on colonial policies

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 129

Rise of African Nationalism

Nationalism in Ghana – Factors for the Rise and Formation of Political Parties
Nationalism in Ghana – Role of Kwame Nkrumah and Formation of Convention Peoples Party
Nationalism in Ghana – Methods Used by Nationalists and Achievement of Independence

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain specific factors that led to nationalism in Ghana
- Describe the formation of United Gold Coast Convention
- Analyze the role of educated elites in Ghana's nationalism
- Discuss the impact of cocoa farming on political development
- Explain Kwame Nkrumah's background and political philosophy
- Describe the formation of Convention Peoples Party
- Analyze Nkrumah's methods of mass mobilization
- Discuss the 1951 elections and path to independence

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed discussion on Ghana-specific factors
- Exposition on UGCC formation
- Analysis of educated elite's role
- Group work on economic factors
- Detailed exposition on Nkrumah's leadership
- Discussion on CPP formation and strategies
- Analysis of mass mobilization techniques
- Q&A on electoral politics and independence

Maps of Ghana (Gold Coast), Photographs of cocoa farming, Students' textbooks, Pictures of early political leaders
Photographs of Kwame Nkrumah, Students' textbooks, CPP campaign materials, Maps showing electoral constituencies
Students' textbooks, Photographs of independence celebrations, Newspaper clippings, Timeline of Ghana's independence

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 130
KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 132

Rise of African Nationalism

Nationalism in Mozambique – Factors Leading to Rise and Reasons for Slow Decolonization

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain factors that led to nationalism in Mozambique
- Analyze reasons for slow decolonization in Mozambique
- Discuss Portugal's colonial policies in Mozambique
- Compare Mozambique's experience with other African colonies

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed discussion on Portuguese colonial rule
- Analysis of factors delaying independence
- Comparative study with other colonies
- Q&A on Portuguese economic interests

Maps of Mozambique, Photographs showing Portuguese rule, Students' textbooks, Charts comparing colonial powers

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 134

Rise of African Nationalism

Nationalism in Mozambique – Formation and Activities of FRELIMO
Nationalism in South Africa – Rise of African Nationalism and the Apartheid System

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the formation of FRELIMO
- Explain the role of Eduardo Mondlane and Samora Machel
- Analyze FRELIMO's guerrilla warfare tactics
- Discuss reasons for FRELIMO's success against Portuguese

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on FRELIMO formation and leadership
- Discussion on guerrilla warfare strategies
- Analysis of factors contributing to FRELIMO's success
- Group work on liberation struggle

Photographs of FRELIMO leaders, Maps showing guerrilla zones, Students' textbooks, Pictures of liberation war
Maps of South Africa showing racial divisions, Photographs of apartheid signs, Students' textbooks, ANC historical documents

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 135

Rise of African Nationalism

Nationalism in South Africa – Methods of Struggle, Role of Nelson Mandela and Achievement of Majority Rule

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify methods used by South African nationalists
- Explain Nelson Mandela's contribution to the struggle
- Analyze the challenges faced by nationalists
- Discuss the dismantling of apartheid and achievement of democracy

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Group presentations on various struggle methods
- Detailed discussion on Mandela's life and contribution
- Analysis of international pressure and sanctions
- Consolidation on transition to democracy

Photographs of Nelson Mandela, Students' textbooks, Pictures of 1994 elections, Charts showing struggle timeline

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 141