Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Background to the Scramble and Partition of East Africa
British Interest and Factors for Occupation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the background to European interest in East Africa
- Identify European countries interested in East Africa
- Discuss the role of Portuguese, Arabs and Swahilis
- Analyze the transition from coastal to interior penetration

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review of earlier European visitors to East Africa
- Group discussion on Portuguese presence since 15th century
- Analysis of Arab and Swahili trade routes
- Q&A on European transition from trade to colonization

Maps of East Africa showing trade routes, Photographs, Charts, Students' textbooks
Maps showing strategic routes to India, Charts on economic factors, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 31

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

The Process of Partition in East Africa
Anglo-German Agreement 1886 and Company Rule

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the role of Karl Peters and German activities
- Explain the Anglo-German rivalry in East Africa
- Analyze the role of Sultan of Zanzibar
- Discuss the significance of treaty signing

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on Karl Peters' treaties with Tanganyika chiefs
- Analysis of Sir Harry Johnstone's activities in Kilimanjaro
- Discussion on German East Africa Company vs IBEA Company
- Map work showing German and British spheres of influence

Maps of East Africa showing German and British interests, Photographs of Karl Peters, Students' textbooks
Maps showing 1886 agreement boundaries, Photographs of William Mackinnon, Documents, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 33

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

IBEA Company Administration and Problems
Transition to British Protectorate and Methods of Colonial Rule

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify the aims and achievements of IBEA Company
- Explain problems faced by the company
- Discuss the company's financial difficulties
- Analyze reasons for the company's failure

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Analysis of IBEA Company's aims and achievements
- Discussion on problems: insufficient capital, large territory, resistance
- Exposition on lack of profitable commodities and poor transport
- Q&A on coordination problems between Europe and East Africa

Charts showing company problems, Maps of company posts, Students' textbooks
Documents showing protectorate declaration, Maps, Charts of methods, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 36

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Nandi Resistance: Causes
Nandi Resistance: Course and Leadership

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify causes of Nandi resistance
- Explain the role of Kimnyole's prophecy
- Discuss Nandi military strength and pride
- Analyze British threats to Nandi independence

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed exposition on Nandi dominance in Rift Valley
- Discussion on Kimnyole's prophecy and its significance
- Analysis of Nandi military organization and pride
- Group work on factors: land alienation, taxation, forced labor

Maps of Nandi territory, Photographs, Charts showing causes, Students' textbooks
Maps showing Nandi attacks, Photographs of Koitalel arap Samoei, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 38

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Nandi Resistance: Defeat and Results

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze factors leading to Nandi defeat
- Explain the role of Meinertzhagen's strategy
- Discuss the results of Nandi resistance
- Evaluate the long-term impact on the community

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Analysis of Meinertzhagen's treacherous tactics
- Discussion on Samoei's capture and killing
- Exposition on final expedition with 1,500 soldiers
- Analysis of results: loss of independence, land alienation, displacement

Photographs of Meinertzhagen, Maps showing land alienation, Charts, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 41

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Other Resistance Examples: Agiryama and Bukusu

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe causes of Agiryama resistance
- Explain the role of Mekatilili wa Menza
- Discuss Bukusu resistance against Wanga rule
- Analyze the outcomes of these resistances

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on Agiryama trade disruption and land loss
- Discussion on Mekatilili wa Menza's leadership and organization
- Analysis of Bukusu hatred for Wanga administration
- Case study of traditional oaths and resistance organization

Photographs of Mekatilili wa Menza, Maps showing resistance areas, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 42

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Somali Resistance and Reasons for Resistance Failure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify causes of Somali resistance
- Explain the impact of partition on Somali clans
- Discuss nomadic lifestyle conflicts with colonial boundaries
- Analyze general reasons why armed resistance failed

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Analysis of Anglo-Italian Treaty and Somali partition
- Discussion on Darod and Hawiye clans' reactions
- Exposition on nomadic pastoralism vs colonial boundaries
- Summary analysis of why resistance movements failed across Kenya

Maps showing Somali partition, Charts on resistance failure factors, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 44

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Collaboration: Maasai under Lenana

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain reasons for Maasai collaboration
- Discuss the impact of natural calamities on Maasai
- Analyze the succession dispute between Lenana and Sendeyo
- Examine the Maasai Agreements of 1904 and 1911

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Analysis of Maasai weakening factors: diseases, famine, civil wars
- Discussion on Kedong massacre and its impact
- Exposition on Lenana's succession and British support
- Detailed study of Maasai Agreements and land alienation

Maps showing Maasai territory and reserves, Photographs of Lenana, Treaty documents, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 46

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Collaboration: Wanga under Nabongo Mumia

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify reasons for Wanga collaboration
- Explain Mumia's strategic objectives
- Discuss the role of Wanga in British administration
- Analyze the results of Wanga collaboration

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on Mumia's trade connections and strategic position
- Analysis of Wanga desire for military assistance against enemies
- Discussion on Wanga agents used in colonial administration
- Case studies of Wanga rule over other western Kenya communities

Maps showing Wanga kingdom expansion, Photographs of Nabongo Mumia, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 48

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya

Mixed Reactions: Akamba, Agikuyu, and Luo

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the concept of mixed reactions
- Analyze Akamba resistance and collaboration
- Discuss Agikuyu responses under different leaders
- Examine Luo varied responses to British rule

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Analysis of why some communities had mixed responses
- Case study of Akamba: Mwana Muka's resistance vs collaboration
- Discussion on Agikuyu: Waiyaki's resistance vs Kinyanjui's collaboration
- Exposition on Luo: Ugenya resistance vs Gem and Asembo collaboration

Maps showing areas of mixed reactions, Photographs of leaders, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 50

Establishment of Colonial Rule in Kenya
Colonial Administration

Colonial Administration Structure and Local Government
Introduction to Colonial Administration Systems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the structure of colonial administration
- Explain the role of Governor and provincial administration
- Discuss the development of local government
- Analyze the establishment of Local Native Councils

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on colonial administrative hierarchy
- Analysis of Governor's powers and advisory councils
- Discussion on Provincial and District Commissioners' roles
- Detailed study of Local Native Councils and their objectives

Charts showing administrative structure, Documents, Maps showing provinces and districts, Students' textbooks
Maps showing colonial territories, Charts comparing systems, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 53

Colonial Administration

Indirect Rule: Definition and Application in Kenya
Indirect Rule in Northern Nigeria: Application and Structure

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define indirect rule system
- Explain reasons why British used indirect rule in Kenya
- Identify areas where indirect rule was applied
- Analyze the role of traditional rulers in indirect rule

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed exposition on indirect rule definition and principles
- Discussion on British experience in India and Uganda
- Analysis of reasons: lack of funds, inadequate personnel, avoiding resistance
- Case study of Wanga under Nabongo Mumia

Photographs of Fredrick Lugard, Maps of Kenya, Charts showing reasons, Students' textbooks
Charts showing administrative structure, Maps of Northern Nigeria, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 58

Colonial Administration

Indirect Rule in Southern Nigeria and Its Shortcomings
Direct Rule: Definition and Application in Zimbabwe

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain why indirect rule failed in Southern Nigeria
- Identify problems faced in applying indirect rule among the Ibo
- Discuss the effects of indirect rule in Nigeria
- Analyze the shortcomings of the indirect rule system

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on cultural differences in Southern Nigeria
- Discussion on warrant chiefs and their unpopularity
- Analysis of 1918 and 1929 riots causes and effects
- Group work on comparing Northern and Southern Nigeria experiences

Maps showing ethnic groups in Nigeria, Photographs, Charts listing effects, Students' textbooks
Photographs of Cecil Rhodes and Ian Smith, Maps of Zimbabwe, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 60

Colonial Administration

Direct Rule Structure and Effects in Zimbabwe
Assimilation Policy in Senegal: Application, Effects, and Comparison

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the structure of direct rule in Zimbabwe
- Explain the effects of direct rule on Africans
- Discuss the transition from company rule to crown colony
- Analyze racial segregation under direct rule

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed analysis of administrative structure from Governor to village level
- Discussion on Land Apportionment Act of 1930 and its effects
- Exposition on UDI and armed struggle leading to independence
- Case study of Robert Mugabe and Joshua Nkomo's resistance

Charts showing administrative structure, Maps, Photographs of leaders, Students' textbooks
Maps of Senegal showing communes, Charts comparing systems, Photographs, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 63

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

Introduction and Background to Colonial Development
The Uganda Railway: Reasons for Construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the background to social and economic developments in colonial Kenya
- Identify the role of British East Africa Protectorate declaration
- Discuss the need for making Kenya economically viable
- Analyze the importance of infrastructure development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review of British declaration of protectorate in 1895
- Discussion on making Kenya economically viable
- Analysis of cool climate and fertile lands potential
- Group work on importance of transport and communication infrastructure

Maps of Kenya showing climatic zones, Charts, Students' textbooks
Maps showing railway route, Photographs of Indian coolies and key figures, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 71

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

Problems During Railway Construction and Solutions
Effects of Uganda Railway Construction

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify problems encountered during railway construction
- Explain how various challenges were overcome
- Discuss specific incidents like Tsavo man-eating lions
- Analyze the impact of African resistance on construction

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed analysis of problems: scarcity of supplies, weather conditions, diseases
- Discussion on man-eating lions at Tsavo and Colonel Patterson's role
- Exposition on Nandi resistance and Orkoiyot's prophecy
- Analysis of engineering challenges in Rift Valley and solutions used

Photographs of railway construction, Maps showing problem areas, Students' textbooks
Maps showing urban growth along railway, Charts of effects, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 74

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

Settler Farming: Introduction and Government Promotion
Methods of Obtaining African Labor and Settler Problems

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain reasons why settler farming was encouraged
- Identify methods used by colonial government to promote settler farming
- Discuss the role of Charles Elliot in encouraging European settlement
- Analyze the connection between railway and settler farming

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on making Kenya a "White man's country"
- Discussion on financing administrative costs and railway maintenance
- Analysis of methods: land acquisition, labor provision, technical assistance
- Case study of Charles Elliot's policies and Lord Delamere's role

Photographs of Charles Elliot and Lord Delamere, Maps of White Highlands, Students' textbooks
Charts showing labor recruitment methods, Documents, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 78

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

Main Crops Grown by European Settlers
Dairy Farming and Agricultural Institutions

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify main cash crops grown by European settlers
- Explain the development of wheat, coffee, tea, and sisal farming
- Discuss the role of Lord Delamere in agricultural experiments
- Analyze the establishment of agricultural institutions and cooperatives

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on wheat farming development and Delamere's experiments
- Discussion on coffee introduction by French missionaries
- Analysis of tea farming development from Limuru to Kericho
- Case studies of sisal farming and pyrethrum introduction

Photographs of different farms and crops, Maps showing crop distribution, Students' textbooks
Photographs of Lord Delamere's farms, KCC plants, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 82

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

Colonial Land Policies and Legislation

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify various colonial land policies and ordinances
- Explain the process of land alienation from Africans
- Discuss the creation of African reserves
- Analyze the legal framework supporting European land acquisition

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on Indian Acquisition Act 1896 and Land Regulations Act 1897
- Discussion on Crown Lands Ordinance 1902 and "empty land" concept
- Analysis of Maasai Agreements 1904 and 1911
- Detailed study of 1930 Native Lands Trust Ordinance and Carter Commission

Maps showing land alienation, Legal documents, Charts of legislation timeline, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 86

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

Consequences of Colonial Land Policies and Devonshire White Paper

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze the effects of colonial land policies on Africans
- Explain the background to Devonshire White Paper 1923
- Discuss grievances of different racial groups
- Evaluate the recommendations and impact of the White Paper

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Analysis of land policy consequences: displacement, poverty, reserves creation
- Discussion on European-Asian conflict and A.M. Jeevanjee's role
- Exposition on grievances: Europeans wanting segregation, Asians demanding equality
- Analysis of White Paper recommendations and their limitations

Maps showing White Highlands, Documents, Photographs of key figures, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 88

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya

Urbanization: Factors, Migration, and Effects

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain factors leading to urbanization in colonial Kenya
- Identify reasons for African migration to urban centers
- Discuss problems faced by Africans in urban areas
- Analyze government measures to control urban migration

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Analysis of urbanization factors: railway, administrative centers, mining
- Discussion on push factors: overcrowded reserves, taxation, landlessness
- Exposition on urban problems: inadequate housing, unemployment, discrimination
- Analysis of control measures: kipande system, urban passes, segregation

Maps showing urban growth, Tables of population increase, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 90

Social and Economic Developments During the Colonial Period in Kenya
Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Education and Health Development
Characteristics of Early Political Organisations and Formation of East African Association

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the development of Western education in colonial Kenya
- Explain the role of missionaries, government, and Africans in education
- Discuss the introduction of Western medicine and health services
- Analyze the racial disparities in education and health provision

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on missionary education objectives and features
- Discussion on Fraser Commission 1908 and Phelps Stokes Commission 1924
- Analysis of primary, secondary, and university education development
- Case study of Makerere University and Royal Technical College establishment
- Discussion on health services development and African medical training

Photographs of schools and hospitals, Charts showing education statistics, Students' textbooks
Maps showing Kenya, Photographs of Harry Thuku, Timeline charts, Students' textbooks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 93

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Achievements and Problems of EAA; Formation of Young Kavirondo Association
Formation and Activities of Kikuyu Central Association (KCA)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze the achievements of the East African Association
- Explain the problems faced by EAA
- Describe the formation of Young Kavirondo Association
- Identify the officials and demands of YKA

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed discussion on EAA achievements
- Group work on problems faced by early political organisations
- Exposition on YKA formation
- Q&A session on YKA leadership and demands

Maps of Nyanza Province, Photographs, Students' textbooks, Charts showing colonial administrative divisions
Photographs of KCA leaders, Maps of Central Kenya, Students' textbooks, Newspaper Muigwithania samples

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 97

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Kavirondo Tax Payers and Welfare Association, Coast African Association, and Taita Hills Association
Ukamba Members Association and General Achievements/Problems of Early Political Organisations

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the transformation of YKA to KTWA
- Explain the formation and activities of Coast African Association
- Outline the formation and demands of Taita Hills Association
- Compare the objectives of different early political organisations

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed discussion on KTWA under Archdeacon Owen
- Group presentations on CAA and THA
- Comparative analysis of different associations
- Q&A on achievements and limitations

Maps showing different regions, Photographs of leaders, Students' textbooks, Charts comparing different associations
Photographs of UMA leaders, Maps of Machakos, Students' textbooks, Summary charts

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 100

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Background and Causes of Independent Churches and Schools
Examples of Independent Churches in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define independent churches and schools
- Explain the background to the emergence of independent movements
- Analyze the causes of the rise of independent churches and schools
- Describe the characteristics of independent movements

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Q&A on missionary activities and African responses
- Brainstorming on conflicts between missionaries and Africans
- Discussion on causes of independent movements
- Note-taking on characteristics

Photographs of missionary schools, Maps showing mission stations, Students' textbooks, Pictures of early African churches
Photographs of church leaders, Maps showing locations, Students' textbooks, Religious symbols and materials

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 102

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Examples of Independent Schools and Problems Faced
Factors Promoting Nationalism and Formation of KASU

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe examples of independent schools (Gaithieko, Githunguri)
- Explain the formation of KISA and KKEA
- Analyze the problems faced by independent churches and schools
- Evaluate the impact of independent movements

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discussion on independent schools establishment
- Exposition on school associations
- Analysis of problems faced by independent movements
- Assessment of their contribution to nationalism

Photographs of schools, Students' textbooks, Charts showing school locations, Educational materials
World maps showing decolonization, Photographs of leaders, Students' textbooks, Timeline of events

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 104

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Kenya African Union (KAU) – Formation, Leadership and Demands

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the formation of Kenya African Union
- Describe Jomo Kenyatta's role in KAU
- List the demands of KAU
- Analyze the achievements of KAU

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discussion on KAU formation and name change
- Detailed exposition on Kenyatta's leadership
- Analysis of KAU demands and strategies
- Group work on KAU achievements

Photographs of Kenyatta and other leaders, Students' textbooks, Maps of Kenya, KAU pamphlets and materials

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 107

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Causes of Mau Mau Rebellion

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define the Mau Mau movement
- Explain the causes of Mau Mau rebellion
- Analyze the role of ex-servicemen in the movement
- Discuss the impact of land alienation and racial discrimination

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Q&A on colonial grievances
- Detailed discussion on various causes
- Analysis of ex-servicemen experiences
- Group presentations on specific causes

Maps of Central Kenya, Photographs of colonial policies, Students' textbooks, Charts showing land alienation

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 110

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Course of Mau Mau War and Leadership

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the course of Mau Mau war
- Identify key leaders of the movement
- Explain the guerrilla tactics used
- Analyze the declaration of state of emergency

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Exposition on war progression
- Discussion on key leaders like Dedan Kimathi
- Analysis of guerrilla warfare tactics
- Q&A on state of emergency effects

Photographs of Mau Mau leaders, Maps of forest areas, Students' textbooks, Pictures of detention camps

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 112

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Problems Faced by Mau Mau Fighters and Reasons for Long Resistance

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain problems faced by Mau Mau fighters
- Analyze reasons why fighters resisted for long
- Discuss the support from civilian population
- Evaluate the effectiveness of oathing ceremonies

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discussion on challenges faced by fighters
- Analysis of factors that sustained the movement
- Group work on civilian support
- Q&A on oathing and unity

Students' textbooks, Maps of Mt. Kenya and Aberdares, Photographs, Charts showing support networks

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 114

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Results and Impact of Mau Mau War

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze the results of Mau Mau war
- Explain the impact on Kenyan society
- Discuss the effects on British colonial policy
- Evaluate the contribution of Mau Mau to independence

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed discussion on war results
- Analysis of social and political impacts
- Group presentations on various effects
- Assessment of Mau Mau's role in independence struggle

Statistics on casualties, Students' textbooks, Photographs of post-war Kenya, Charts showing policy changes

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 115

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Formation of KANU and KADU

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the formation of KANU
- Describe the formation of KADU
- Compare the objectives of KANU and KADU
- Analyze the differences between the two parties

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discussion on post-emergency political developments
- Exposition on KANU and KADU formation
- Comparative analysis of party objectives
- Q&A on leadership and support base

Photographs of party leaders, Students' textbooks, Maps of Kenya, Party manifestos and documents

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 117

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Trade Union Movement and Role of Women

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the role of trade unions in independence struggle
- Describe the formation of AWF and KFL
- Analyze the role of women in independence struggle
- Evaluate the contribution of various groups to nationalism

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed discussion on trade union activities
- Exposition on key trade union leaders
- Analysis of women's contributions
- Group presentations on different roles

Photographs of trade union leaders, Students' textbooks, Pictures of women leaders, Charts showing various contributions

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 119

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

African Representation in Legco and Lyttelton Constitution

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the nomination of Eliud Mathu to Legco
- Describe the Lyttelton Constitution
- Analyze the 1957 African elections
- Discuss the formation of AEMO

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discussion on constitutional developments
- Exposition on Eliud Mathu's role
- Analysis of Lyttelton reforms
- Q&A on African electoral participation

Photographs of African legislators, Students' textbooks, Constitutional documents, Election results charts

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 121

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Lennox-Boyd Constitution and Political Developments

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain Lennox-Boyd constitutional changes
- Describe the formation of various political groups
- Analyze the demands of African elected members
- Discuss the emergence of multi-racial politics

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed exposition on constitutional reforms
- Discussion on political party formations
- Analysis of African demands
- Group work on multi-racial politics

Students' textbooks, Photographs of political leaders, Constitutional documents, Charts showing political developments

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 123

Political Developments and the Struggle for Independence in Kenya (1919–1963)

Lancaster House Conferences and Achievement of Independence

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the First Lancaster House Conference (1960)
- Describe the Second Lancaster House Conference (1962)
- Analyze the 1963 elections and independence
- Evaluate the significance of constitutional changes

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed discussion on both Lancaster conferences
- Analysis of constitutional agreements
- Exposition on 1963 elections and independence
- Consolidation and revision of the unit

Conference documents, Students' textbooks, Photographs of independence celebrations, Maps of independent Kenya

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 125

Rise of African Nationalism

Introduction to African Nationalism and Factors Leading to its Rise
Nationalism in Ghana – Factors for the Rise and Formation of Political Parties

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Define nationalism and African nationalism
- Explain factors that led to the rise of African nationalism
- Analyze the impact of racial segregation and colonial labour laws
- Discuss the role of Western education in promoting nationalism

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Q&A on meaning of nationalism
- Brainstorming on colonial injustices
- Discussion on factors promoting African nationalism
- Note-taking on various contributing factors

Maps of Africa showing colonial boundaries, Photographs showing colonial conditions, Students' textbooks, Charts on colonial policies
Maps of Ghana (Gold Coast), Photographs of cocoa farming, Students' textbooks, Pictures of early political leaders

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 129

Rise of African Nationalism

Nationalism in Ghana – Role of Kwame Nkrumah and Formation of Convention Peoples Party
Nationalism in Ghana – Methods Used by Nationalists and Achievement of Independence

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain Kwame Nkrumah's background and political philosophy
- Describe the formation of Convention Peoples Party
- Analyze Nkrumah's methods of mass mobilization
- Discuss the 1951 elections and path to independence

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed exposition on Nkrumah's leadership
- Discussion on CPP formation and strategies
- Analysis of mass mobilization techniques
- Q&A on electoral politics and independence

Photographs of Kwame Nkrumah, Students' textbooks, CPP campaign materials, Maps showing electoral constituencies
Students' textbooks, Photographs of independence celebrations, Newspaper clippings, Timeline of Ghana's independence

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 132

Rise of African Nationalism

Nationalism in Mozambique – Factors Leading to Rise and Reasons for Slow Decolonization
Nationalism in Mozambique – Formation and Activities of FRELIMO

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain factors that led to nationalism in Mozambique
- Analyze reasons for slow decolonization in Mozambique
- Discuss Portugal's colonial policies in Mozambique
- Compare Mozambique's experience with other African colonies

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Detailed discussion on Portuguese colonial rule
- Analysis of factors delaying independence
- Comparative study with other colonies
- Q&A on Portuguese economic interests

Maps of Mozambique, Photographs showing Portuguese rule, Students' textbooks, Charts comparing colonial powers
Photographs of FRELIMO leaders, Maps showing guerrilla zones, Students' textbooks, Pictures of liberation war

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 134

Rise of African Nationalism

Nationalism in South Africa – Rise of African Nationalism and the Apartheid System
Nationalism in South Africa – Methods of Struggle, Role of Nelson Mandela and Achievement of Majority Rule

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the historical background of South Africa
- Describe the apartheid system and its effects
- Analyze factors that led to African nationalism in South Africa
- Discuss the formation and role of ANC

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Q&A on South African history
- Detailed exposition on apartheid laws
- Discussion on factors promoting nationalism
- Analysis of ANC formation and early activities

Maps of South Africa showing racial divisions, Photographs of apartheid signs, Students' textbooks, ANC historical documents
Photographs of Nelson Mandela, Students' textbooks, Pictures of 1994 elections, Charts showing struggle timeline

KLB Secondary History Form 3, Page 138