Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Identifying holding tools
Tools and Production - Types of vices and clamps

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify holding tools used in day-to-day life
- Name different types of holding tools
- Show interest in learning about holding tools
- Identify types of vices and clamps
- Describe the structure of vices and clamps
- Appreciate the variety of holding tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use visual aids or real objects to identify holding tools
- Study pictures showing various holding tools
- Draw and label holding tools in exercise books
- Discuss where each tool is used
- Observe and identify bench vices, hand vices, machine vices
- Study different types of clamps (G-clamp, F-clamp, U-clamp, sash clamp)
- Discuss physical characteristics of each type
- Compare and contrast vice and clamp uses

What are holding tools and where are they used?
How do different types of vices and clamps differ in structure?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 92
- Variety of holding tools (vices, clamps, pliers, tongs, clips)
- Charts showing holding tools
- Digital devices
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 92
- Different types of vices
- Various clamps
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments
- Observation - Practical work - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Types of pliers, clips and tongs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of pliers, clips and tongs
- Distinguish between different holding tools
- Value the specific design of each tool

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study longnose pliers, combination pliers, waterpipe pliers
- Identify paper clips, crocodile clips, circlips
- Observe blacksmith tongs, crucible tongs, cooking tongs
- Create comparison chart of all types

What are the differences between various types of pliers and tongs?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 93
- Various pliers
- Different clips
- Types of tongs
- Charts

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Uses of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the uses of different holding tools
- Select appropriate holding tools for given tasks
- Appreciate the importance of using correct tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss the uses of holding tools
- Choose holding tools for different tasks
- Study pictures showing holding tools in use
- Match tools to specific work scenarios

How are different holding tools used in workplaces?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 94
- Chart showing uses of holding tools
- Available holding tools
- Relevant textbooks
- Digital devices

- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Safe use of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain safety precautions when using holding tools
- Demonstrate safe use of holding tools
- Develop safe working habits

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use print or digital media to search for information on safe use
- Watch videos on how to safely hold tools
- Role-play safe use of different holding tools
- Discuss common mistakes and how to avoid them

What safety measures should be observed when using holding tools?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 96
- Digital devices with internet
- Relevant textbooks
- Safety goggles
- Gloves

- Observation - Practical work - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Using holding tools to perform tasks

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Use vices to hold workpieces when cutting
- Use clamps to hold pieces together
- Apply correct techniques in using holding tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Hold a piece of wood using a bench vice when cutting
- Hold two pieces of wood using a G-clamp
- Demonstrate safe use of holding tools when performing tasks
- Practice correct grip and positioning

How do we use holding tools to perform various tasks safely?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 98
- Bench vice
- G-clamp
- Pieces of wood
- Handsaw
- Wood glue
- Workbench

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Using pliers, clips and tongs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Use pliers to grip and bend wire
- Use clips to hold papers on drawing boards
- Use tongs to hold hot workpieces safely

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Grip and bend a wire using pliers
- Hold drawing paper onto a drawing board using paper clips
- Hold a hot workpiece using tongs
- Share experiences on the use of holding tools

How are pliers, clips and tongs used in practical tasks?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 99
- Needle nose pliers
- Wire
- Paper clips
- Drawing board
- Crucible tongs
- Bunsen burner

- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production
Entrepreneurship

Tools and Production - Care and importance of holding tools
Entrepreneurship - Financial institutions available in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Clean and store holding tools properly
- Explain the importance of holding tools
- Appreciate the need for proper tool maintenance
- Identify financial institutions available in Kenya
- Classify financial institutions in Kenya
- Appreciate the role of financial institutions in the economy

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use a soft brush to wipe off dirt from tools
- Oil the moving parts of tools
- Clean and safely store holding tools
- Discuss the importance of holding tools in day-to-day life
- Discuss and identify financial institutions in the locality and Kenya
- Use digital devices or print media to search for types of financial institutions
- Classify financial institutions in a table (banks, insurance companies, SACCOs, microfinance)
- Present completed classification table

Why is it important to care for holding tools properly?
Which financial institutions are available in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 100
- Holding tools
- Clean piece of cloth
- Soft brush
- Oil can
- Tool box or rack
- Dust cover
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 128
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Newspapers and business magazines
- Exercise books and pens

- Observation - Practical work - Written tests
- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Services offered by financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze services offered by financial institutions in Kenya
- Explain services offered by banks, insurance companies, SACCOs and microfinance institutions
- Appreciate the importance of financial services

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices or print media to search for services offered by financial institutions
- Discuss services: deposit products, lending, payments, insurance, savings, credit facilities
- Make notes and present findings
- Visit a financial institution near school with teacher guidance

What services are offered by different financial institutions in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 130
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Banking and insurance brochures
- Charts and reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Written reports

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Services offered by financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze services offered by financial institutions in Kenya
- Explain services offered by banks, insurance companies, SACCOs and microfinance institutions
- Appreciate the importance of financial services

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices or print media to search for services offered by financial institutions
- Discuss services: deposit products, lending, payments, insurance, savings, credit facilities
- Make notes and present findings
- Visit a financial institution near school with teacher guidance

What services are offered by different financial institutions in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 130
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Banking and insurance brochures
- Charts and reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Written reports

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Case study on financial services
Entrepreneurship - Utilizing financial services for entrepreneurial development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze services offered by financial institutions using case studies
- Relate financial services to entrepreneurial success
- Show understanding of practical application of financial services
- Plan how to utilize financial services for business development
- Select appropriate financial institutions for specific business needs
- Value financial services in entrepreneurship

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read case study about business journey and financial institution support
- Identify financial institutions and services that helped business succeed
- Discuss importance of services to business
- Share answers with classmates
- Identify a business idea
- Determine financial institutions to visit and services needed
- Write a short report on findings
- Present report to teacher for assessment

How do financial services support entrepreneurial development?
What financial services would you utilize to start and develop a business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 132
- Case study materials
- Exercise books and pens
- Charts and reference materials
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 133
- Access to local financial institutions
- Business planning templates
- Report writing guidelines
- Digital devices

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussion participation
- Written reports - Observation - Oral questions - Self assessment

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Reasons for government involvement in business in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the reasons for government involvement in business in Kenya
- Describe how government promotes economic development and infrastructure
- Appreciate the government's role in business

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss government involvement in infrastructure, defense, subsidies and regulation
- Study role of Competition Authority of Kenya (CAK)
- Examine government involvement in mining, energy and vital documents processing
- Make short notes and present to class

Why is it important for the government to get involved in business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 136
- Business Studies textbooks
- Symbol for Competition Authority of Kenya
- Charts and digital resources
- Pictures of infrastructure projects

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Discussion participation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Ways in which government is involved in business activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe ways in which the government is involved in business
- Explain legislation, regulation and government investment in business
- Value government support for business development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use textbooks or digital devices to search for ways government is involved in business
- Discuss legislation, regulation, government investment, subsidies and training
- Examine promotion of industrialization, SMEs and Special Economic Zones
- Make notes and present findings

In which ways is the government involved in business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 138
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- E.P.Z symbol
- Charts and print media

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Types of taxes in Kenya
Entrepreneurship - E-Government services in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning and importance of paying taxes
- Identify types of taxes in Kenya
- Appreciate the contribution of taxes to national development
- Analyze e-Government services in business
- Navigate e-Government platforms for business services
- Appreciate the convenience and importance of e-Government services

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Find meaning of 'tax' from dictionary and discuss importance
- Study types of taxes: income tax, VAT, corporate tax, fuel levy, excise duty
- Identify projects in locality that succeeded because of taxes
- Discuss and present on types of taxes
- Read case study about e-Government experience
- Learn to navigate e-Citizen platform with teacher guidance
- Study e-Government services: registration, licensing, tax, procurement, intellectual property
- Visit Huduma Centre if possible

Why does the government levy different types of taxes?
What e-Government services are available to businesses in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 140
- English dictionary
- Business Studies textbooks
- Charts showing types of taxes
- Digital resources
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 142
- Digital devices with internet
- Access to e-Citizen platform
- Case study materials
- Huduma Centre information

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Presentations
- Observation - Oral questions - Practical work - Rubrics

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - E-Government services in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze e-Government services in business
- Navigate e-Government platforms for business services
- Appreciate the convenience and importance of e-Government services

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read case study about e-Government experience
- Learn to navigate e-Citizen platform with teacher guidance
- Study e-Government services: registration, licensing, tax, procurement, intellectual property
- Visit Huduma Centre if possible

What e-Government services are available to businesses in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 142
- Digital devices with internet
- Access to e-Citizen platform
- Case study materials
- Huduma Centre information

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical work - Rubrics

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Importance of complying with government regulations in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the importance of complying with government regulations in business
- Describe consequences of non-compliance
- Acknowledge the need to comply with government regulations in business

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss consequences of selling sub-standard or expired goods
- Study that compliance prevents penalties and builds trust
- Examine how compliance provides fair competition and opens opportunities
- Discuss how compliance protects consumers and employees

Why is it important to comply with government regulations in business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 145
- Business Studies textbooks
- Case studies on compliance
- Charts and digital resources

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Case study analysis - Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Government and Business)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Review key concepts on government and business
- Apply knowledge of government involvement and taxes
- Demonstrate understanding of e-Government services and compliance

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review reasons for government involvement and ways government is involved
- Discuss types of taxes and their importance
- Review e-Government services and compliance importance
- Complete assessment exercises

How does government involvement benefit businesses and the economy?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 146
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation - Self-reflection

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Meaning and importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Describe how business plan helps in entrepreneurship
- Appreciate the value of planning in business

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Find meaning of 'business plan' from dictionary and discuss
- Use digital devices or textbooks to search for importance of business plan
- Discuss how business plan outlines vision, helps avoid mistakes, allocates resources
- Study how business plan is requirement for financing and acts as benchmark

What is a business plan and why is it important in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 148
- English dictionary
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Meaning and importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Describe how business plan helps in entrepreneurship
- Appreciate the value of planning in business

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Find meaning of 'business plan' from dictionary and discuss
- Use digital devices or textbooks to search for importance of business plan
- Discuss how business plan outlines vision, helps avoid mistakes, allocates resources
- Study how business plan is requirement for financing and acts as benchmark

What is a business plan and why is it important in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 148
- English dictionary
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Components of a business plan in financial management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the components of a business plan in financial management
- Explain the purpose of each component
- Show understanding of the order of preparing components

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices or print media to search for components of business plan
- Describe each component: business description, product/service, market analysis, marketing plan
- Study management team, cost plan, financial projection and executive summary
- Write short notes and present to class

What are the components of a business plan?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 150
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Components of a business plan in financial management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the components of a business plan in financial management
- Explain the purpose of each component
- Show understanding of the order of preparing components

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices or print media to search for components of business plan
- Describe each component: business description, product/service, market analysis, marketing plan
- Study management team, cost plan, financial projection and executive summary
- Write short notes and present to class

What are the components of a business plan?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 150
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Analyzing a business plan example

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze a complete business plan example
- Identify all components in the example
- Show understanding of how components relate to each other

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study example business plan provided in textbook
- Analyze all components: executive summary, business description, product, market analysis
- Examine marketing plan, management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Discuss how components connect

How are all components of a business plan connected?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Example business plan
- Exercise books and pens
- Charts and analysis guides

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Filling in a business plan template for a given business project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Fill in a business plan template for a given business project
- Develop a complete business plan for own business idea
- Demonstrate ability to apply business planning knowledge

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Think of a business idea and copy business plan template
- Complete all components: business description, product, market analysis, marketing plan
- Fill in management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Review and refine complete business plan

How do we create a business plan for our own business idea?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Business plan template
- Exercise books and pens
- Calculators
- Sample business plans

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics - Portfolio

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Filling in a business plan template for a given business project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Fill in a business plan template for a given business project
- Develop a complete business plan for own business idea
- Demonstrate ability to apply business planning knowledge

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Think of a business idea and copy business plan template
- Complete all components: business description, product, market analysis, marketing plan
- Fill in management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Review and refine complete business plan

How do we create a business plan for our own business idea?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Business plan template
- Exercise books and pens
- Calculators
- Sample business plans

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics - Portfolio

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Presenting and using a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Present complete business plan to class
- Accept and use feedback to improve business plan
- Embrace the use of a business plan in entrepreneurship

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Present complete business plan in class
- Receive comments and use feedback to improve business plan
- Discuss why business without plan is unlikely to succeed
- Advise family members about importance of business plan

Why is a business plan essential for entrepreneurial success?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Completed business plans
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms
- Assessment rubrics

- Presentations - Peer assessment - Self assessment - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Business Plan)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Review key concepts on business planning
- Apply knowledge of business plan components
- Demonstrate understanding of business plan development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review business plan importance and components
- Discuss key elements of successful business plans
- Complete assessment exercises on business planning
- Reflect on learning and future entrepreneurial ventures

How do we use a business plan in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- QR code for digital exercise
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Digital exercise

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Business Plan)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Review key concepts on business planning
- Apply knowledge of business plan components
- Demonstrate understanding of business plan development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review business plan importance and components
- Discuss key elements of successful business plans
- Complete assessment exercises on business planning
- Reflect on learning and future entrepreneurial ventures

How do we use a business plan in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- QR code for digital exercise
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Digital exercise

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Business Plan)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Review key concepts on business planning
- Apply knowledge of business plan components
- Demonstrate understanding of business plan development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review business plan importance and components
- Discuss key elements of successful business plans
- Complete assessment exercises on business planning
- Reflect on learning and future entrepreneurial ventures

How do we use a business plan in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- QR code for digital exercise
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Digital exercise