Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Identifying holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify holding tools used in day-to-day life
- Name different types of holding tools
- Show interest in learning about holding tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use visual aids or real objects to identify holding tools
- Study pictures showing various holding tools
- Draw and label holding tools in exercise books
- Discuss where each tool is used

What are holding tools and where are they used?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 92
- Variety of holding tools (vices, clamps, pliers, tongs, clips)
- Charts showing holding tools
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Types of vices and clamps

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of vices and clamps
- Describe the structure of vices and clamps
- Appreciate the variety of holding tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Observe and identify bench vices, hand vices, machine vices
- Study different types of clamps (G-clamp, F-clamp, U-clamp, sash clamp)
- Discuss physical characteristics of each type
- Compare and contrast vice and clamp uses

How do different types of vices and clamps differ in structure?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 92
- Different types of vices
- Various clamps
- Digital resources
- Reference materials

- Observation - Practical work - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Types of pliers, clips and tongs
Tools and Production - Uses of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify types of pliers, clips and tongs
- Distinguish between different holding tools
- Value the specific design of each tool
- Describe the uses of different holding tools
- Select appropriate holding tools for given tasks
- Appreciate the importance of using correct tools

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Study longnose pliers, combination pliers, waterpipe pliers
- Identify paper clips, crocodile clips, circlips
- Observe blacksmith tongs, crucible tongs, cooking tongs
- Create comparison chart of all types
- Discuss the uses of holding tools
- Choose holding tools for different tasks
- Study pictures showing holding tools in use
- Match tools to specific work scenarios

What are the differences between various types of pliers and tongs?
How are different holding tools used in workplaces?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 93
- Various pliers
- Different clips
- Types of tongs
- Charts
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 94
- Chart showing uses of holding tools
- Available holding tools
- Relevant textbooks
- Digital devices

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests
- Oral questions - Observation - Written assignments

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Safe use of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain safety precautions when using holding tools
- Demonstrate safe use of holding tools
- Develop safe working habits

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use print or digital media to search for information on safe use
- Watch videos on how to safely hold tools
- Role-play safe use of different holding tools
- Discuss common mistakes and how to avoid them

What safety measures should be observed when using holding tools?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 96
- Digital devices with internet
- Relevant textbooks
- Safety goggles
- Gloves

- Observation - Practical work - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Safe use of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain safety precautions when using holding tools
- Demonstrate safe use of holding tools
- Develop safe working habits

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use print or digital media to search for information on safe use
- Watch videos on how to safely hold tools
- Role-play safe use of different holding tools
- Discuss common mistakes and how to avoid them

What safety measures should be observed when using holding tools?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 96
- Digital devices with internet
- Relevant textbooks
- Safety goggles
- Gloves

- Observation - Practical work - Checklist

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Using holding tools to perform tasks
Tools and Production - Using pliers, clips and tongs

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Use vices to hold workpieces when cutting
- Use clamps to hold pieces together
- Apply correct techniques in using holding tools
- Use pliers to grip and bend wire
- Use clips to hold papers on drawing boards
- Use tongs to hold hot workpieces safely

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Hold a piece of wood using a bench vice when cutting
- Hold two pieces of wood using a G-clamp
- Demonstrate safe use of holding tools when performing tasks
- Practice correct grip and positioning
- Grip and bend a wire using pliers
- Hold drawing paper onto a drawing board using paper clips
- Hold a hot workpiece using tongs
- Share experiences on the use of holding tools

How do we use holding tools to perform various tasks safely?
How are pliers, clips and tongs used in practical tasks?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 98
- Bench vice
- G-clamp
- Pieces of wood
- Handsaw
- Wood glue
- Workbench
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 99
- Needle nose pliers
- Wire
- Paper clips
- Drawing board
- Crucible tongs
- Bunsen burner

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics
- Practical work - Observation - Oral questions

Tools and Production

Tools and Production - Care and importance of holding tools

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Clean and store holding tools properly
- Explain the importance of holding tools
- Appreciate the need for proper tool maintenance

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use a soft brush to wipe off dirt from tools
- Oil the moving parts of tools
- Clean and safely store holding tools
- Discuss the importance of holding tools in day-to-day life

Why is it important to care for holding tools properly?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 100
- Holding tools
- Clean piece of cloth
- Soft brush
- Oil can
- Tool box or rack
- Dust cover

- Observation - Practical work - Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Financial institutions available in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Identify financial institutions available in Kenya
- Classify financial institutions in Kenya
- Appreciate the role of financial institutions in the economy

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss and identify financial institutions in the locality and Kenya
- Use digital devices or print media to search for types of financial institutions
- Classify financial institutions in a table (banks, insurance companies, SACCOs, microfinance)
- Present completed classification table

Which financial institutions are available in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 128
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Newspapers and business magazines
- Exercise books and pens

- Observation - Oral questions - Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Services offered by financial institutions in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze services offered by financial institutions in Kenya
- Explain services offered by banks, insurance companies, SACCOs and microfinance institutions
- Appreciate the importance of financial services

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices or print media to search for services offered by financial institutions
- Discuss services: deposit products, lending, payments, insurance, savings, credit facilities
- Make notes and present findings
- Visit a financial institution near school with teacher guidance

What services are offered by different financial institutions in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 130
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Banking and insurance brochures
- Charts and reference materials

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Written reports

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Case study on financial services

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze services offered by financial institutions using case studies
- Relate financial services to entrepreneurial success
- Show understanding of practical application of financial services

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read case study about business journey and financial institution support
- Identify financial institutions and services that helped business succeed
- Discuss importance of services to business
- Share answers with classmates

How do financial services support entrepreneurial development?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 132
- Case study materials
- Exercise books and pens
- Charts and reference materials

- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written assignments - Discussion participation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Utilizing financial services for entrepreneurial development

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Plan how to utilize financial services for business development
- Select appropriate financial institutions for specific business needs
- Value financial services in entrepreneurship

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Identify a business idea
- Determine financial institutions to visit and services needed
- Write a short report on findings
- Present report to teacher for assessment

What financial services would you utilize to start and develop a business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 133
- Access to local financial institutions
- Business planning templates
- Report writing guidelines
- Digital devices

- Written reports - Observation - Oral questions - Self assessment

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Reasons for government involvement in business in Kenya
Entrepreneurship - Ways in which government is involved in business activities

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the reasons for government involvement in business in Kenya
- Describe how government promotes economic development and infrastructure
- Appreciate the government's role in business
- Describe ways in which the government is involved in business
- Explain legislation, regulation and government investment in business
- Value government support for business development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Discuss government involvement in infrastructure, defense, subsidies and regulation
- Study role of Competition Authority of Kenya (CAK)
- Examine government involvement in mining, energy and vital documents processing
- Make short notes and present to class
- Use textbooks or digital devices to search for ways government is involved in business
- Discuss legislation, regulation, government investment, subsidies and training
- Examine promotion of industrialization, SMEs and Special Economic Zones
- Make notes and present findings

Why is it important for the government to get involved in business?
In which ways is the government involved in business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 136
- Business Studies textbooks
- Symbol for Competition Authority of Kenya
- Charts and digital resources
- Pictures of infrastructure projects
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 138
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- E.P.Z symbol
- Charts and print media

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Discussion participation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Types of taxes in Kenya

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning and importance of paying taxes
- Identify types of taxes in Kenya
- Appreciate the contribution of taxes to national development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Find meaning of 'tax' from dictionary and discuss importance
- Study types of taxes: income tax, VAT, corporate tax, fuel levy, excise duty
- Identify projects in locality that succeeded because of taxes
- Discuss and present on types of taxes

Why does the government levy different types of taxes?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 140
- English dictionary
- Business Studies textbooks
- Charts showing types of taxes
- Digital resources

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation - Presentations

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - E-Government services in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze e-Government services in business
- Navigate e-Government platforms for business services
- Appreciate the convenience and importance of e-Government services

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read case study about e-Government experience
- Learn to navigate e-Citizen platform with teacher guidance
- Study e-Government services: registration, licensing, tax, procurement, intellectual property
- Visit Huduma Centre if possible

What e-Government services are available to businesses in Kenya?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 142
- Digital devices with internet
- Access to e-Citizen platform
- Case study materials
- Huduma Centre information

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical work - Rubrics

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - E-Government services in business
Entrepreneurship - Importance of complying with government regulations in business

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Analyze e-Government services in business
- Navigate e-Government platforms for business services
- Appreciate the convenience and importance of e-Government services
- Explain the importance of complying with government regulations in business
- Describe consequences of non-compliance
- Acknowledge the need to comply with government regulations in business

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Read case study about e-Government experience
- Learn to navigate e-Citizen platform with teacher guidance
- Study e-Government services: registration, licensing, tax, procurement, intellectual property
- Visit Huduma Centre if possible
- Discuss consequences of selling sub-standard or expired goods
- Study that compliance prevents penalties and builds trust
- Examine how compliance provides fair competition and opens opportunities
- Discuss how compliance protects consumers and employees

What e-Government services are available to businesses in Kenya?
Why is it important to comply with government regulations in business?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 142
- Digital devices with internet
- Access to e-Citizen platform
- Case study materials
- Huduma Centre information
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 145
- Business Studies textbooks
- Case studies on compliance
- Charts and digital resources

- Observation - Oral questions - Practical work - Rubrics
- Oral questions - Written assignments - Case study analysis - Written tests

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Government and Business)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Review key concepts on government and business
- Apply knowledge of government involvement and taxes
- Demonstrate understanding of e-Government services and compliance

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review reasons for government involvement and ways government is involved
- Discuss types of taxes and their importance
- Review e-Government services and compliance importance
- Complete assessment exercises

How does government involvement benefit businesses and the economy?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 146
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation - Self-reflection

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Government and Business)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Review key concepts on government and business
- Apply knowledge of government involvement and taxes
- Demonstrate understanding of e-Government services and compliance

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review reasons for government involvement and ways government is involved
- Discuss types of taxes and their importance
- Review e-Government services and compliance importance
- Complete assessment exercises

How does government involvement benefit businesses and the economy?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 146
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Observation - Self-reflection

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Meaning and importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Describe how business plan helps in entrepreneurship
- Appreciate the value of planning in business

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Find meaning of 'business plan' from dictionary and discuss
- Use digital devices or textbooks to search for importance of business plan
- Discuss how business plan outlines vision, helps avoid mistakes, allocates resources
- Study how business plan is requirement for financing and acts as benchmark

What is a business plan and why is it important in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 148
- English dictionary
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Meaning and importance of a business plan in entrepreneurship

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Explain the meaning and importance of a business plan
- Describe how business plan helps in entrepreneurship
- Appreciate the value of planning in business

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Find meaning of 'business plan' from dictionary and discuss
- Use digital devices or textbooks to search for importance of business plan
- Discuss how business plan outlines vision, helps avoid mistakes, allocates resources
- Study how business plan is requirement for financing and acts as benchmark

What is a business plan and why is it important in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 148
- English dictionary
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans

- Oral questions - Written assignments - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Components of a business plan in financial management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the components of a business plan in financial management
- Explain the purpose of each component
- Show understanding of the order of preparing components

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices or print media to search for components of business plan
- Describe each component: business description, product/service, market analysis, marketing plan
- Study management team, cost plan, financial projection and executive summary
- Write short notes and present to class

What are the components of a business plan?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 150
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Components of a business plan in financial management

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the components of a business plan in financial management
- Explain the purpose of each component
- Show understanding of the order of preparing components

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices or print media to search for components of business plan
- Describe each component: business description, product/service, market analysis, marketing plan
- Study management team, cost plan, financial projection and executive summary
- Write short notes and present to class

What are the components of a business plan?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 150
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans
- Charts

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Components of a business plan in financial management
Entrepreneurship - Analyzing a business plan example

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Describe the components of a business plan in financial management
- Explain the purpose of each component
- Show understanding of the order of preparing components
- Analyze a complete business plan example
- Identify all components in the example
- Show understanding of how components relate to each other

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Use digital devices or print media to search for components of business plan
- Describe each component: business description, product/service, market analysis, marketing plan
- Study management team, cost plan, financial projection and executive summary
- Write short notes and present to class
- Study example business plan provided in textbook
- Analyze all components: executive summary, business description, product, market analysis
- Examine marketing plan, management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Discuss how components connect

What are the components of a business plan?
How are all components of a business plan connected?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 150
- Digital devices with internet
- Business Studies textbooks
- Sample business plans
- Charts
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Example business plan
- Exercise books and pens
- Charts and analysis guides

- Oral questions - Written tests - Observation
- Case study analysis - Oral questions - Written tests - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Filling in a business plan template for a given business project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Fill in a business plan template for a given business project
- Develop a complete business plan for own business idea
- Demonstrate ability to apply business planning knowledge

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Think of a business idea and copy business plan template
- Complete all components: business description, product, market analysis, marketing plan
- Fill in management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Review and refine complete business plan

How do we create a business plan for our own business idea?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Business plan template
- Exercise books and pens
- Calculators
- Sample business plans

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics - Portfolio

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Filling in a business plan template for a given business project

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Fill in a business plan template for a given business project
- Develop a complete business plan for own business idea
- Demonstrate ability to apply business planning knowledge

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Think of a business idea and copy business plan template
- Complete all components: business description, product, market analysis, marketing plan
- Fill in management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Review and refine complete business plan

How do we create a business plan for our own business idea?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Business plan template
- Exercise books and pens
- Calculators
- Sample business plans

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics - Portfolio

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Filling in a business plan template for a given business project
Entrepreneurship - Presenting and using a business plan

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Fill in a business plan template for a given business project
- Develop a complete business plan for own business idea
- Demonstrate ability to apply business planning knowledge
- Present complete business plan to class
- Accept and use feedback to improve business plan
- Embrace the use of a business plan in entrepreneurship

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Think of a business idea and copy business plan template
- Complete all components: business description, product, market analysis, marketing plan
- Fill in management plan, cost plan and financial projections
- Review and refine complete business plan
- Present complete business plan in class
- Receive comments and use feedback to improve business plan
- Discuss why business without plan is unlikely to succeed
- Advise family members about importance of business plan

How do we create a business plan for our own business idea?
Why is a business plan essential for entrepreneurial success?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 153
- Business plan template
- Exercise books and pens
- Calculators
- Sample business plans
Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Completed business plans
- Presentation materials
- Feedback forms
- Assessment rubrics

- Practical work - Observation - Rubrics - Portfolio
- Presentations - Peer assessment - Self assessment - Observation

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Business Plan)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Review key concepts on business planning
- Apply knowledge of business plan components
- Demonstrate understanding of business plan development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review business plan importance and components
- Discuss key elements of successful business plans
- Complete assessment exercises on business planning
- Reflect on learning and future entrepreneurial ventures

How do we use a business plan in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- QR code for digital exercise
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Digital exercise

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Business Plan)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Review key concepts on business planning
- Apply knowledge of business plan components
- Demonstrate understanding of business plan development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review business plan importance and components
- Discuss key elements of successful business plans
- Complete assessment exercises on business planning
- Reflect on learning and future entrepreneurial ventures

How do we use a business plan in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- QR code for digital exercise
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Digital exercise

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Business Plan)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Review key concepts on business planning
- Apply knowledge of business plan components
- Demonstrate understanding of business plan development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review business plan importance and components
- Discuss key elements of successful business plans
- Complete assessment exercises on business planning
- Reflect on learning and future entrepreneurial ventures

How do we use a business plan in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- QR code for digital exercise
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Digital exercise

Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship - Review and assessment (Business Plan)

By the end of the lesson, the learner should be able to:
- Review key concepts on business planning
- Apply knowledge of business plan components
- Demonstrate understanding of business plan development

In groups, learners are guided to:
- Review business plan importance and components
- Discuss key elements of successful business plans
- Complete assessment exercises on business planning
- Reflect on learning and future entrepreneurial ventures

How do we use a business plan in entrepreneurship?

Distinction Pre-Technical Studies Grade 9 pg. 154
- Business Studies textbooks
- Assessment materials
- QR code for digital exercise
- Charts and summaries

- Written tests - Oral questions - Self-reflection - Digital exercise